Development and Characterization of PLA Composites with High Contents of a Brazilian Refractory Clay and Improved Fire Performance

In this study, a novel flame retardant 1,2-bis (dimelaminium of 1-nitro-3,5-diphospha-4-oxa-3,5-dihydroxy cyclohexane) ethane (EAPM) was synthesized by ethylene diamine tetra (methylene phosphonic) acid (EDTMPA) and melamine in two steps. Meanwhile, its molecular structure was determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis, 1H-NMR. The thermal properties were characterized by TG and DTG, which indicated the good thermostability of EAPM for processing and the considerable residual char in the final stage of combustion. The fire performance of composites blended by the novel flame retardant and polypropylene waere investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test. The results demonstrated the treated PP with the optimal flame retardant formulation of 15 w% EAPM, 5 w% charring agent and 10 w% MEL-APP was attached with an LOI of 33.3% and UL-94 V-0 rating.

Download Full-text

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Polyhydroxy Triazine Charring Agent and Properties of its Flame Retarded Polyproylene

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.23 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 746 ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sun Liu ◽

Yi Lun Tan ◽

Si Chun Shao ◽

Yin Yin Hui ◽

Zhi Han Peng

Keyword(s):

Weight Ratio ◽

Fire Performance ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index ◽

Melamine Phosphate ◽

Charring Agent ◽

Flame Retarded ◽

Ul 94 ◽

Microencapsulated Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Triglycidyl Isocyanurate

In this study, a novel polyhydroxy triazine charring agent (PT-CA) was synthesized through the solid-state reaction of triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) and pentaerythritol. Meanwhile, the molecular structure of the chemical compound was determined by FTIR, elemental analysis and thermalgravimetric analysis (TG).Then it is combined with microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) and melamine phosphate (MP) to impart flame retardance and dripping resistance for polypropylene (PP).The fire performance of treated PP was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test (UL-94).It has been found that the treated PP with the optimal flame retardant formulation of MAPP:MA:PTCA=18:6:6 (weight ratio, formulation 10) gives an LOI of 31.5 and UL-94 V-0 rating.

Download Full-text

Studies on the flammability of polypropylene/ammonium polyphosphate and montmorillonite by using the cone calorimeter test

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2018-0013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 108-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A.A. Hanna ◽

M.A. Nour ◽

E.R. Souaya ◽

M.A. sherief ◽

A.S. Abdelmoaty

Keyword(s):

Heat Release ◽

Heat Release Rate ◽

Release Rate ◽

Cone Calorimeter ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Fire Performance ◽

Cone Calorimeter Test ◽

Peak Heat Release Rate

AbstractFire performance of polypropylene (PP) containing different percentages of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with montmorillonite (Mt) or treated montmorillonite (MtT) was carried out by using the cone calorimeter test (CCT). Different samples from ammonium polyphosphate and montmorillonite were mixed with 90% polypropylene. The characterization of the prepared samples indicates that there is incorporation between the components of the samples. Heat release rate (HRR), peak heat release rate (PHRR), average heat release rate (Av-HRR), and time to ignition (TTI) of the samples were obtained from the cone calorimeter test. Also, the fire performance index (FPI) and the fire growth rate (FIGRA) were calculated. The interpretation of the curves and the parameters results from the cone calorimeter test which indicates that the addition of montmorillonite to APP increases its action as a flame retardant for PP. Moreover, the samples contain acid treatment montmorillonite showed an increase in the efficiency of ammonium polyphosphate when used. This result may be due to an increase in the SiO2 content by acid treatment.

Download Full-text

Multi-field and multi-scale characterization of novel super insulating panels/systems based on silica aerogels: Thermal, hydric, mechanical, acoustic, and fire performance

Building and Environment ◽

10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.01.019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 30-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mohamad Ibrahim ◽

Kévin Nocentini ◽

Marina Stipetic ◽

Sebastian Dantz ◽

Francesco Giuseppe Caiazzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silica Aerogels ◽

Fire Performance ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Scale Characterization

Download Full-text

Preparation and Characterization of the Flame Retardant Decorated Plywood Based on the Intumescent Flame Retardant Adhesive

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13030676 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 676

Author(s):

Muting Wu ◽

Wei Song ◽

Yuzhang Wu ◽

Wei Qu

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Cone Calorimeter ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽

Fire Performance ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Effective Barrier ◽

Thermal Stability Of ◽

Scanning Electron

A novel type of flame-retardant decorated plywood (FDP) was designed and prepared based on one kind of intumescent flame-retardant adhesive. The flame-retardant adhesive was composed of the phosphorous-nitrogen flame retardant and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resin. An adhesive was placed between the plywood substrate and the decorative veneer. The shear strength of the FDP satisfied the Class II (GB/T 9846) when the ratio of flame-retardant and MUF was less than 0.65. The thermal stability of the flame-retardant adhesive was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The intumescent behaviors of adhesives were systematically investigated. The morphological and chemical structures of the intumescent char of the flame-retardant adhesive were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), respectively. The fire performance of FDP was assessed by the cone calorimeter and the single burning item test. The FDP exhibited the most effective barrier when the optimized ratio of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) in the adhesive is 3. The flame-retardant class of FDP could be up to class B1(B) according to GB/T 8624.

Download Full-text

Mineralogical and Thermal Characterization of Kaolinitic Clays from Terra Alta (Catalonia, Spain)

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10020142 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Maite Garcia-Valles ◽

Pura Alfonso ◽

Salvador Martínez ◽

Núria Roca

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Thermal Characterization ◽

Refractory Clay ◽

Raw Material ◽

Plastic Clays ◽

Fluxing Agent

This research characterizes the kaolinitic clays from Cretaceous–Paleocene lateritic deposits of Terra Alta (south Catalonia) to evaluate their possible applications. The outcrops and quarries belong to the Horta de Sant Joan and Pinell de Brai areas. The chemical composition, mineralogy, rheological behavior, particle size distribution and plasticity are determined. The Fe and Ti4+ contents prevent them from being directly used as raw material for white ceramics. The mineralogy consists of kaolinite with quartz, illite, hematite, and minor K-feldspar and calcite. Most of the area comprises medium plastic clays that are classified as fired clays and can be used as ceramic and construction materials. In Horta de Sant Joan, a kaolinitic-rich level, up to 75 wt % of kaolinite, is highly crystalline with low plasticity and can be classified as flint clay, useful as a refractory clay. The evaluated kaolinitic clays can also be used to obtain a triaxial ceramic when they are mixed with feldspar to act as a fluxing agent and chamotte.

Download Full-text

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051281 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 254-255

Author(s):

B. L. Soloff ◽

T. A. Rado

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Stationary Phase ◽

Growth Phase ◽

Minimal Medium ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽

Complete Lysis ◽

Lysogenic Culture ◽

Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

Download Full-text

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100075142 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 270-271

Author(s):

A.R. Pelton ◽

A.F. Marshall ◽

Y.S. Lee

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Amorphous Alloys ◽

Amorphous Materials ◽

Isothermal Annealing ◽

Amorphous Matrix ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Current Interest ◽

Amorphous Films ◽

Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

Download Full-text

Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100071168 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 144-145

Author(s):

B. H. Kear ◽

J. M. Oblak

Keyword(s):

Stable Phase ◽

Nickel Base Superalloy ◽

Alloy 718 ◽

Commercial Alloy ◽

Precipitate Morphology ◽

Continuous Precipitation ◽

Nickel Base ◽

Base Superalloy ◽

Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

Download Full-text