scholarly journals Extending the range of differential diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy of the boxer: Insights from a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Caixeta ◽  
Iron Dangoni Filho ◽  
Rafael Dias de Sousa ◽  
Pedro Paulo Dias Soares ◽  
Andreia Costa Rabelo Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Cranial Trauma ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Sports Activities

ABSTRACT Sports activities associated with repetitive cranial trauma have become a fad and are popular in gyms and even among children. It is important to consistently characterize the consequences of such sports activities in order to better advise society on the real risks to the central nervous system. We present the case of a former boxer reporting cognitive and behavioral symptoms that began six years after his retirement as a boxer, evolving progressively with parkinsonian and cerebellar features suggestive of probable chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Using our case as a paradigm, we extended the range of differential diagnosis of CTE, including corticobasal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, vitamin B12 deficiency, neurosyphilis, frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

Stroke due to isolated angiitis ot the central nervous system (CNS) – differential diagnosis and therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Springer ◽  
S Bechthold ◽  
A Jansson ◽  
K Kurnik ◽  
T Pfluger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Demyelinating Disease with Specific Morphological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692199356
Author(s):  
Fleur Cordier ◽  
Lars Velthof ◽  
David Creytens ◽  
Jo Van Dorpe
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.

scholarly journals Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE): Can They Be Used as Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of This Disease?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Manca
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus is a complex immunological disease where both environmental factors and genetic predisposition lead to the dysregulation of important immune mechanisms. Eventually, the combination of these factors leads to the production of self-reactive antibodies that can target any organ or tissue of the human body. Autoantibodies can form immune complexes responsible for both the organ damage and the most severe complications. Involvement of the central nervous system defines a subcategory of the disease, generally known with the denomination of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Neuropsychiatric symptoms can range from relatively mild manifestations, such as headache, to more severe complications, such as psychosis. The evaluation of the presence of the autoantibodies in the serum of these patients is the most helpful diagnostic tool for the assessment of the disease. The scientific progresses achieved in the last decades helped researchers and physicians to discover some of autoepitopes targeted by the autoantibodies, although the majority of them have not been identified yet. Additionally, the central nervous system is full of epitopes that cannot be found elsewhere in the human body, for this reason, autoantibodies that selectively target these epitopes might be used for the differential diagnosis between patients with and without the neuropsychiatric symptoms. In this review, the most relevant data is reported with regard to mechanisms implicated in the production of autoantibodies and the most important autoantibodies found among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without the neuropsychiatric manifestations.

First Presentation of an Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Rachel Gottlieb-Smith ◽  
Amy Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractAcquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) present with acute or subacute monofocal or polyfocal neurologic deficits localizing to the central nervous system. The clinical features of distinct ADS have been carefully characterized including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These disorders may all be monophasic disorders. Alternatively, optic neuritis, partial transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may be first presentations of a relapsing or polyphasic neuroinflammatory disorder, such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica. The clinical features of these disorders and the differential diagnosis are discussed in this article.

Immune Mechanisms Affecting the Functioning of the Central Nervous System (CNS)

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Moises E. Bauer ◽  
Natália P. Rocha ◽  
Wilson Savino ◽  
Antonio L. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Impaired Cognition

This chapter presents an overview of the immune mechanisms affecting the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). The cross-talk between the immune system and the CNS is established by three independent pathways: the humoral, neural, and cellular (leukocyte) routes. Of note, increased circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and concomitant activation of brain-resident microglia can lead to impaired cognition and depressive behavioral symptoms. The activated microglia phenotype has been associated with neuroinflammation reported in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This chapter also reviews novel physiological roles for adaptive immunity (especially T cells) during health and disease. T cells support hippocampal neurogenesis, cognition, mood, resilience to stress, and are protective against the development of psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals An autopsied case of zygomycosis invasing in the central nervous system and vessels, which is difficult in the differential diagnosis from aspergillosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asako Ueno ◽  
Makoto Yoneda ◽  
Yuiti Kimura ◽  
Tadakazu Ookoshi ◽  
Hironobu Naiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Lumbar Spine: The Great Mimicker—Report of the Fifth Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amer Sebaaly ◽  
Lara Raffoul ◽  
Ronald Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Solitary Fibrous Tumor ◽  
Rare Neoplasm ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fibrous Tumor

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare neoplasm occurring in the central nervous system. It rarely occurs in the spine. This paper reports the fifth case of SFT in a 34-year-old female and focusses on differential diagnosis and importance of surgical treatment.

scholarly journals Aging-Related Tau Astrogliopathy in Aging and Neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Heather McCann ◽  
Briony Durand ◽  
Claire E. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Associations ◽  
Potential Precursor

Astrocytes are of vital importance to neuronal function and the health of the central nervous system (CNS), and astrocytic dysfunction as a primary or secondary event may predispose to neurodegeneration. Until recently, the main astrocytic tauopathies were the frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau (FTLD-tau) group of disorders; however, aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) has now been defined. This condition is a self-describing neuropathology mainly found in individuals over 60 years of age. Astrocytic tau accumulates with a thorny or granular/fuzzy morphology and is commonly found in normal aging as well as coexisting with diverse neurodegenerative disorders. However, there are still many unknown factors associated with ARTAG, including the cause/s, the progression, and the nature of any clinical associations. In addition to FTLD-tau, ARTAG has recently been associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), where it has been proposed as a potential precursor to these conditions, with the different ARTAG morphological subtypes perhaps having separate etiologies. This is an emerging area of exciting research that encompasses complex neurobiological and clinicopathological investigation.

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