Complementary and Alternative Medicine Teaching: Evaluation of theTeaching-Learning Process of Integrative Practices in Brazilian Medical Schools

ABSTRACT Context Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) are unconventional care practices that, according to the World Health Organization, should be implemented in the Health System, particularly in poor regions of the country. In Brazil, they have been adopted by Care Programs and introduced into undergraduate medical education. In this study we were interested in evaluating the teaching-learning process of Integrative Practices in Brazilian medical schools. Methodology A cross-sectional study was carried out at Brazilian medical schools with a self-administered questionnaire for teachers and a secondary data survey was obtained from medical school websites and government database institutions. For the presentation of the variables, frequency distribution and the Pearson coefficient (X2) -Chi-square tests were used. The proportions were compared using the Chi-square test or the Fisher’s Exact Test. When the expected value of a contingency table was equal to or greater than 5, the Chi-square test was used; in all other situations, Fisher’s Exact Test was used. The difference between proportions was estimated by the Odds Ratio, calculated through simple logistic regression (95% CI). Results 57 of the 272 medical schools in Brazil address CAM, with it being proportionally higher in the South and Mid-West regions. The medical schools are highly concentrated in state capitals, and the Northeast region presents a significant concentration of medical schools with CAM in the capitals. The number of schools with active and traditional methodologies in CAM is equivalent. Homeopathy, Acupuncture and Integrative Medicine predominate, with a minority using Indigenous Practices, Chronotherapy and Anthroposophic Medicine. The new educational guidelines have not affected the number of schools with CAM. Growth in CAM has been insignificant (p <0.05) in the last ten years. Conclusion There has been no growth in teaching Complementary and Alternative Medicine in undergraduate medical training in Brazil since the introduction of the new curricular guidelines, even in view of the needs of the health system.

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A Survey on Perceptions of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Undergraduates in China

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/9091051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Hui Xie ◽

Tianqing Sang ◽

Wenting Li ◽

Li Li ◽

Yankun Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alternative Medicine ◽

Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽

Health Belief ◽

Chi Square ◽

College Curriculum ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Barriers To Use ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Complementary And Alternative

In recent years, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is more widely known and used globally. This study was the first to investigate undergraduates’ attitude toward CAM, and influencing factors and barriers for students to use CAM. Students of five different grades in six universities of China were selected for this study from February to May 2019. First, the participants were divided into two groups based on their majors and fulfilled a previously validated 10-item CAM Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ) to evaluate their attitudes toward CAM. Second, the chi-square test was used to analyze the differences between the groups, and correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship of the data between the two groups. Third, we used frequency analysis to identify the types that students wanted to study and the barriers to use CAM. The overall mean score of the CHBQ was 48.87 ± 8.594, which was higher than that in other countries. The students in lower grades had a stronger desire to learn CAM than those in higher grades (89% vs 83%, p<0.05). “Too time-consuming and bad tastes,” “Western medicine was enough,” and “lack of relevant knowledge” were found to be the main interruptions for students to use CAM. 82.3% of students wanted CAM to be incorporated into the curriculum and desired to learn more about CAM. 72.3% of the students who had never learned CAM wanted to know more about CAM. 55.5% of the students were willing to recommend CAM. Most undergraduates desired to learn more about CAM. It is necessary to introduce or integrate CAM courses into the present curriculum, and it should be started in the lower grades. We hope this study can provide evidence for the authority in China to make appropriate changes and integrate CAM into the college curriculum.

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Awareness about complementary and alternative medicine among attendees of urban and rural health training centres of a medical college in North Karnataka

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183573 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 3924

Author(s):

Chandan N. ◽

Kiran Patil

Keyword(s):

Alternative Medicine ◽

Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Orthodox Medicine ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Wide Range ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Complementary And Alternative

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) includes a wide range of practices that do not fit within the dominant biomedical model of health care and are not commonly provided within orthodox medicine settings. People might be attracted to and use CAM because they hold beliefs that are congruent with CAM. But safety and efficacy of these systems are not well established. So this study was done to assess awareness among patients attending UHTC and RHTC about CAM.Methods: Cross sectional study was done in UHTC and RHTC of SDMCMSH, Dharwad, India. Data was collected by using pre designed interview schedule from 200 patients. Data was entered in Microsoft excel 2013 and analysed using IBM SPSS v20. Descriptive statistics and chi square test were applied. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 100 patients each from UHTC and RHTC were included in the study. 93% of UHTC and 98% of RHTC patients were aware about CAM. 74% in UHTC and 60% in RHTC were aware of advertisements about CAM. 96% of UHTC and 100% of RHTC patients said CAMs have no side effects. 45% from UHTC and 14% from RHTC preferred CAM. 43% from UHTC and 42% from RHTC patients had used CAM.Conclusions: The awareness about CAM in our study is high, 93% among urban and 98% among rural study participants. Ayurveda was the most commonly used AMT.

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Complementary and Alternative Medicine Usage and its Determinant Factors among Infertile Men in Iran

Journal of Family & Reproductive Health ◽

10.18502/jfrh.v14i3.4671 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Ghaedi Heidari ◽

Mahlagha Dehghan ◽

Sima Mokhtarabadi

Keyword(s):

Alternative Medicine ◽

Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Alternative Medicines ◽

Infertile Men ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Complementary And Alternative

Objective: This study aimed to assess the use of some Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) techniques in infertile men. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 infertile men referred to the only center of infertility in Kerman, Iran using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a two-part researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (chi-square test and logistic regression) with SPSS 16. Results: According to the present study, 72.5% of subjects used at least one of the CAM methods in the past year. Among them 28.4% of the subjects have used one CAM technique, 13.7% have used two techniques, 8.8% have used three techniques, 9.8% have used four techniques, and 11.8% have used more than four techniques since the last year. None of the socio-demographic characteristics had significant association with being the user of complementary and alternative medicines. Conclusion: The results showed that almost three quarters of the infertile men used CAM indicating a high prevalence of CAM usage among them.

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Education and training in complementary and alternative medicine: a postal survey of UK universities, medical schools and faculties of nurse education

Complementary Therapies in Medicine ◽

10.1016/s0965-2299(98)80077-0 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 64-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

D. Morgan ◽

H. Glanville ◽

S. Maris ◽

V. Nathanson

Keyword(s):

Alternative Medicine ◽

Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽

Medical Schools ◽

Education And Training ◽

Nurse Education ◽

Postal Survey ◽

And Training ◽

Complementary And Alternative

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Safety and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Norway During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic Using an Adapted Version of the I-CAM-Q: A Cross-Sectional Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-612371/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Agnete Egilsdatter Kristoffersen ◽

Miek C. Jong ◽

Johanna Hök Nordberg ◽

Esther T. van der Werf ◽

Trine Stub

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Alternative Medicine ◽

Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽

Well Being ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Complementary And Alternative

Abstract BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has had a profound impact on physical and mental well-being throughout the world. Previous studies have revealed that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is frequently used for, and can be potential beneficial for strengthening physical mental resilience. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence, associations and reasons for use of CAM during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic among a representative sample of the Norwegian population, and determine possible effects and adverse effects of the treatments. MethodsComputer assisted telephone interviews using a COVID-adapted I-CAM-Q questionnaire were conducted with 1008 randomly selected Norwegians aged 16 and above using multistage sampling during April and May 2020 applying age and sex quotas for each area. Descriptive statistics were carried out using Pearson’s Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and Independent samples T-tests to identify group differences. ResultsThe study revealed that two thirds of the respondents (67%) had used CAM within the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular CAM modalities that did not involve a provider. Most used were natural remedies and dietary supplement (57%, mainly vitamins and minerals), but self-help practices like yoga and meditation were also widely used (24%). Women used CAM modalities significantly more than men (77% vs. 58%). Most of the respondents found the modalities they used beneficial, and 5% reported adverse effects of the treatments.ConclusionsThe first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has not profoundly changed the overall need of Norwegian citizens to seek care outside the conventional healthcare system, but rather caused a shift in the type of CAM modalities used. The risk profile of these modalities was generally low as only 5 % of the respondents reported adverse effects. Further studies are needed to confirm the change from provider based to self-administered CAM use.

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