scholarly journals Biopsychosocial characteristics of sex offenders: An analysis of legal proceedings

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Castro dos REIS ◽  
Lília Iêda Chaves CAVALCANTE ◽  
Mário Diego Rocha VALENTE
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Family Context ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
The Family ◽  
Victim Sex

Abstract In this research, biopsychosocial characteristics of people accused of sexual aggression against children/adolescents between 2012 and 2014, in three districts of the state of Pará, were identified and analyzed. Data were collected by consulting court cases and recorded on a form prepared by the research group for biopsychosocial characterization. The statistical treatment of the data involved the non-hierarchical k-means clustering method, with cluster analysis. The results revealed three distinct groups; some with certain similarities due to the biological characteristics observed (Afro-descendant men over the age of 30 years, without reported organic diseases), as well as psychological and social characteristics (men with defined occupation and work, living in urban areas, with aggression to the black victim and in the family context) and differences (schooling, alcohol abuse and physical or psychological aggression, victim sex and family attachment to the aggressor). Further studies may refine the preliminary conclusions of these analyses.

scholarly journals Farms as a resilience factors to land degradation in peri-urban areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Zappavigna ◽  
Andrea Brugnoli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
The Family ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Economic Size

The purpose of this study was the analysis of the effects induced by urban pressures on the socio-economic and territorial characteristics of the rural peri-urban areas in order to identify planning and intervention strategies aimed at enhancing the quality of agriculture and landscape. A survey was conducted in the surroundings of Parma on farms located in the vicinity of urban areas. The structural, productive and social characteristics of the family-farm units were analyzed. The survey updated an identical survey, carried out in 1986, in which it was examined a sample of 208 farms. The units surveyed were evaluated in two aspects: the “vitality”, which takes into account the structural characteristics (size, production, labour force, etc.), and the “stability”, in which a crucial role is played by the age of the conductor and the presence of a successor. It was found that only 28% of the original farm sample is still alive, one third has disappeared, 30% was absorbed by existing farms, 8% has been abandoned. The factors most favourable to the survival resulted those referred to the vitality, especially the physical and economic size of the farm, the presence of cattle, the percentage of land in property, the presence of young labour. Among the factors that predispose to the abandonment, the urbanization processes were found to be determinants, in terms of expansion of both the built-up area and of that planned as urbanisable. The research has highlighted the importance of the vitality of the farms together with a context that has maintained its original rural features. These combined aspects can better define what we call the resiliency of the landfarms system i.e. the capability of positively reacting to the variable modifications of the internal and external conditions.

Identifying the Family Context Surrounding HIV+ Women in Recovery

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina E. Ow ◽  
Victoria B. Mitrani ◽  
Daniel J. Feaster ◽  
Myron J. Burns ◽  
Samantha Ross
Keyword(s):  
Family Context ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hiv Women

The family context as a foundation for romantic relationships: A person-centered multi-informant longitudinal study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Hadiwijaya ◽  
Theo A. Klimstra ◽  
Nancy Darling ◽  
Jeroen K. Vermunt ◽  
Susan Branje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Family Context ◽  
The Family

Confirmation bias in decision making for fingerprints, DNA and eyewitness evidence cannot be explained by cognitive style or thinking dispositions.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Edgcumbe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Thinking Dispositions ◽  
Evaluation Of Evidence ◽  
Facial Composite

Pre-existing beliefs about the background or guilt of a suspect can bias the subsequent evaluation of evidence for forensic examiners and lay people alike. This biasing effect, called the confirmation bias, has influenced legal proceedings in prominent court cases such as that of Brandon Mayfield. Today many forensic providers attempt to train their examiners against these cognitive biases. Nine hundred and forty-two participants read a fictional criminal case and received either neutral, incriminating or exonerating evidence (fingerprint, eyewitness, or DNA) before providing an initial rating of guilt. Participants then viewed ambiguous evidence (alibi, facial composite, handwriting sample or informant statement) before providing a final rating of guilt. Final guilt ratings were higher for all evidence conditions (neutral, incriminating or exonerating) following exposure to the ambiguous evidence. This provides evidence that the confirmation bias influences the evaluation of evidence.

Recent Advances in Treatment of Childhood Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1072-1078
Author(s):  
Walter Milano ◽  
Paola Ambrosio ◽  
Francesca Carizzone ◽  
Walter Di Munzio ◽  
Valeria De Biasio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Family Context ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
The Family

: Childhood obesity has assumed epidemic proportions and is currently one of the most widespread public health problems. Many are the factors involved in the pathogenesis of excess weight with interactions between genetic, environmental and biological factors and therefore, also the therapeutic approach must be multidisciplinary and multidimensional. In this review of the literature, we report the contiguity of childhood obesity with eating disorders and the importance of involving the family context in order to induce stable lifestyle changes, both in relation to dietary and nutritional habits, but also in increasing physical activity. Finally, among the therapeutic options, although for selected cases, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery can be used as treatment strategies.

How the Interests of Children Limit the Religious Freedom of Parents

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Weinstock
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Family Context ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future

This chapter argues that parents have a right to raise their children according to the tenets of the religions that they profess. That right can be seen as grounded in the interest that children have in enjoying the kind of intimacy within the family context that is facilitated by participation in practices and rituals rooted in comprehensive conceptions of the good. It also argues, however, that children have a right to be raised in a manner that does not foreclose their future autonomy. These two rights can be reconciled if we distinguish acceptable and unacceptably asymmetrical upbringings. Parents can incline their children toward certain values and practices in accordance with their comprehensive conceptions, on condition that they also provide children with the conditions that will allow them to make autonomous decisions in the future.

The contributory role of the family context in early childhood sleep health: A systematic review

Sleep Health ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren B. Covington ◽  
Freda Patterson ◽  
Lauren E. Hale ◽  
Douglas M. Teti ◽  
Angeni Cordova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Family Context ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
The Family
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