scholarly journals ADVANCING NITROGEN FERTILIZATION OF CORN USING Brachiaria ruziziensis AS COVER CROP

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
THIAGO PINHEIRO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
MAGNO GONSALVES BRAZ ◽  
ALEX OLIVEIRA SMANIOTTO ◽  
DANIELLE FABÍOLA PEREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
SIMÉRIO CARLOS SILVA CRUZ
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
N Application ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Corn Crop

ABSTRACT Advancing nitrogen (N) application in cropping systems, using cover crops, is an alternative to improve the efficiency of use of this nutrient and to optimize the operational issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of advancing N fertilization for corn crop, with Brachiaria ruziziensis as cover crop. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Federal University of Jataí / Regional Unit of Jataí, GO, Brazil, with history of soybean-corn/sorghum succession in the last 20 years and a high organic matter content in the soil, which reaches 39.5 g kg-1. A randomized complete block design was used in a 5x2 + 1 factorial scheme with 4 replicates, corresponding to five N doses: 0; 50; 100; 150 and 200 kg ha-1 and two times of application in B. ruziziensis: Time 1 - N application 90 days before planting of corn, and Time 2 - N application 60 days before planting, plus an additional treatment with conventional N fertilization, 150 kg ha-1 of N, not advanced, applied to the corn crop, split into planting fertilization and top -dressing fertilization. Except for the N dose of 200 kg ha-1 applied 90 days before corn sowing, advancing N fertilization for this crop using B. ruziziensis as cover plant proved to be as efficient as conventional fertilization for the soil and climate conditions under which the study was carried out, that is, soil with high content of organic matter, built fertility and absence of water restriction.

scholarly journals SOIL CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES AND LEAF NUTRIENTS OF 'PACOVAN' BANANA UNDER TWO COVER CROPS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ EGÍDIO FLORI ◽  
GERALDO MILANEZ DE RESENDE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Banana Crop

ABSTRACT: Banana is one of the most consumed fruits in the world, which is grown in most tropical countries. The objective of this work was to evaluate the main attributes of soil fertility in a banana crop under two cover crops and two root development locations. The work was conducted in Curaçá, BA, Brazil, between October 2011 and May 2013, using a randomized block design in split plot with five repetitions. Two cover crops were assessed in the plots, the cover 1 consisting of Pueraria phaseoloides, and the cover 2 consisting of a crop mix with Sorghum bicolor, Ricinus communis L., Canavalia ensiformis, Mucuna aterrima and Zea mays, and two soil sampling locations in the subplots, between plants in the banana rows (location 1) and between the banana rows (location 2). There were significant and independent effects for the cover crop and sampling location factors for the variables organic matter, Ca and P, and significant effects for the interaction between cover crops and sampling locations for the variables potassium, magnesium and total exchangeable bases. The cover crop mix and the between-row location presented the highest organic matter content. Potassium was the nutrient with the highest negative variation from the initial content and its leaf content was below the reference value, however not reducing the crop yield. The banana crop associated with crop cover using the crop mix provided greater availability of nutrients in the soil compared to the coverage with tropical kudzu.

scholarly journals Effect of Wheat Cover Crop and Split Nitrogen Application on Corn Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladapo Adeyemi ◽  
Reza Keshavarz-Afshar ◽  
Emad Jahanzad ◽  
Martin Leonardo Battaglia ◽  
Yuan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Application ◽  
Use Efficiency

Corn (Zea mays L.) grain is a major commodity crop in Illinois and its production largely relies on timely application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Currently, growers in Illinois and other neighboring states in the U.S. Midwest use the maximum return to N (MRTN) decision support system to predict corn N requirements. However, the current tool does not factor in implications of integrating cover crops into the rotation, which has recently gained attention among growers due to several ecosystem services associated with cover cropping. A two-year field trail was conducted at the Agronomy Research Center in Carbondale, IL in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate whether split N application affects nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of corn with and without a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop. A randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements and four replicates was used. Main plots were cover crop treatments (no cover crop (control) compared to a wheat cover crop) and subplots were N timing applications to the corn: (1) 168 kg N ha−1 at planting; (2) 56 kg N ha−1 at planting + 112 kg N ha−1 at sidedress; (3) 112 kg N ha−1 at planting + 56 kg N ha−1 at sidedress; and (4) 168 kg N ha−1 at sidedress along with a zero-N control as check plot. Corn yield was higher in 2018 than 2019 reflecting more timely precipitation in that year. In 2018, grain yield declined by 12.6% following the wheat cover crop compared to no cover crop control, indicating a yield penalty when corn was preceded with a wheat cover crop. In 2018, a year with timely and sufficient rainfall, there were no yield differences among N treatments and N balances were near zero. In 2019, delaying the N application improved NUE and corn grain yield due to excessive rainfall early in the season reflecting on N losses which was confirmed by lower N balances in sidedressed treatments. Overall, our findings suggest including N credit for cereals in MRTN prediction model could help with improved N management in the Midwestern United States.

scholarly journals Parameters of Soybean Cultivated in Succession With Intercropping System of Out-of-Season Corn With Green Manure

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geovani Genovesi ◽  
Giuliano Patrick Rasera ◽  
Humberto Misdei Moreski ◽  
Daniele Fernanda Felipe ◽  
André Ribeiro Da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
High Yields

Most Brazilian soils have low organic matter content, and the current management systems used in agriculture contribute to worsening this situation. The introduction of practices that lead to the increase of soil organic matter becomes more necessary for agrosystems to be sustainable, ensuring high yields because only then the production chain becomes profitable and enables agricultural production. The present work aimed to investigate the effect of intercropping practices among corn crop with different green manures in soybean agronomic parameters. The work consisted of five treatments using Brachiaria ruziziensis (Brachiaria); Raphanus sativus (Forage Turnip); Crotalaria spectabilis cv. Common (Crotalaria); Avena strigosa (Black Oats); and a control area (single maize) with five replications. Different aspects related to successor cultivation with soybean were evaluated taking into consideration agronomic aspects such as stem thickness, number of pods, plant height, the weight of one thousand grains and yield per hectare presented by the crop. The work demonstrated that brachiaria green manure in consortium with out-of-season corn crop promoted the highest plant height and number of pods for the soybean crop in succession.

scholarly journals Cover plants and mineral nitrogen: effects on organic matter fractions in an oxisol under no-tillage in the cerrado

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1874-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Lima dos Santos ◽  
Carla Ferreira Caixeta ◽  
Alex Antônio Torres Cortês de Sousa ◽  
Cícero Célio de Figueiredo ◽  
Maria Lucrécia Gerosa Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

Cover plants are essential for the sustainability of no-tillage systems in tropical regions. However, information on the effects of these plants and N fertilization on soil organic matter fractions is still scarce. This study evaluated the effect of cover crops with different chemical composition and of N topdressing on the labile and humified organic matter fractions of an Oxisol of the Cerrado (savanna-like vegetation). The study in a randomized complete block design was arranged in split-plots with three replications. Four cover species were tested in the plots and the presence or absence of N topdressing in the subplot. The following cover species were planted in succession to corn for eight years: Urochloa ruziziensis; Canavalia brasiliensis M. ex Benth; Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp; and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. In general, the cultivation of U. ruziziensis increased soil C levels, particularly of C in the humic acid and particulate organic C fractions, which are quality indicators of soil organic matter. The C in humic substances and mineral organic C accounted for the highest proportions of total organic C, demonstrating the strong interaction between organic matter, Fe and Al oxides and kaolinite, which are predominant in these weathered soils of the Cerrado.

Introduction of legume cover crops practice in intensive grain corn crop system to mitigate soil threats in the Mediterranean region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Karine Boulet ◽  
Carlos Alarcão ◽  
Carla Ferreira ◽  
Adelcia Veiga ◽  
Lara Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Legume Cover Crops

<p>In Portugal, grain corn is the main cereal produced, comprising 56% of total cereal yield. It is grown in intensive monoculture cropping systems that may have negative effects on soil quality, affecting long-term fertility and productivity, and therefore the sustainability of production. A promising management practice to mitigate soil degradation is to grow a cover crop during the usual fallow period. This study examined in which extend six species of legume cover crops (forage pea (pisum sativum L), yellow lupin (lupinus luteus), crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum), balansa clover (trifolium michelianum), persian clover (trifolium suaveolens), and arrowleaf clover (trifolium vesiculosum) are suitable to mitigate soil threats in grain corn systems specifically in the Mediterranean region. Specific objectives were to identify the effectiveness of the legume 6 species in improving soil fertility (i.e., soil organic matter content), mitigating nutrient leaching, nutrient recycling, and weed control. The study was performed in the lower Mondego valley in central Portugal. It covered two autumn to spring periods of cover crop cultivation, and assessed changes in soil fertility, dry biomass yield of legumes and weeds, and their associated nutrient content (total nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium).</p><p>In general, the six legume cover crops (LCC) species showed good adaptation to Mediterranean conditions, yielding large amounts of biomass (up to 8 ton/ha for clovers species). At the short term, LCC incorporation into the soil had no clear effect in soil organic matter content. The median uptake of NPK macronutrients for all species was high respectively 176-20-172 kg/ha, due to their generally high biomass production, highlighting their great potential to mitigate nutrient leaching. The capacity of the LCC to provide green manure services enabled a median reduction of 40% of N, 60% of P, and 100% of K supplied by mineral fertilizers necessary to attain a corn grain yield of 12t/ha. LCC showed a good effectiveness in weeds control, although only in the second year of the study. Three clover species (crimson, balansa, arrowleaf) performed best in terms of weed control maintaining weed production below 0.5 ton/ha, vs 3-4 ton/ha in control plots, due to early establishment and/or high biomass production in later growth stages, and avoiding the first application of herbicide in pre-emergent herbicide for grain corn cultivation.</p>

scholarly journals Residual Nitrogen and Kill Date Effects on Winter Cover Crop Growth and Nitrogen Content in a Vegetable Production System

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Cline ◽  
Anthony F. Silvernail
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Content ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

A 4-year field experiment examined how monoculture and biculture winter cover crops were affected by prior inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization of sweet corn (Zea mays) and by kill dates associated with tillage methods. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) biomass production and N content remained relatively constant with (N+) or without (N0) prior N application. In N+ treatments, biomass production of winter rye (Secale cereale) and a vetch-rye biculture were significantly greater than vetch biomass production. Rye responded to prior N fertilization and recovered N from residual inorganic N fertilizer at an average annual rate of 30 kg·ha-1 (27 lb/acre), excluding contributions of roots. Nitrogen contents of vetch and biculture cover crops were similar in most years and were significantly greater than those of rye. Nitrogen contents in vetch and biculture treatments were not increased by the residual inorganic N fertilizer addition of the N+ treatment. In the biculture treatment prior N application increased total biomass production but decreased the percentage of vetch biomass. Monoculture vetch biomass production was significantly increased by delaying cover crop kill dates for 8 days in mid-May. However, such delays also significantly lowered vetch foliar N concentrations and consequently did not significantly affect vetch N content. No significant effects of delays on rye or biculture cover crops were detected. It was concluded that prior fertilization of sweet corn with inorganic N affected various cover crops differently and that delaying vetch kill dates 8 days increased biomass production but did not affect N content.

scholarly journals Suitability of peanut residue as a nitrogen source for a rye cover crop

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kipling Shane Balkcom ◽  
Charles Wesley Wood ◽  
James Fredrick Adams ◽  
Bernard Meso
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
N Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Biomass Yields

Leguminous winter cover crops have been utilized in conservation systems to partially meet nitrogen (N) requirements of succeeding summer cash crops, but the potential of summer legumes to reduce N requirements of a winter annual grass, used as a cover crop, has not been extensively examined. This study assessed the N contribution of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) residues to a subsequent rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop grown in a conservation system on a Dothan sandy loam (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults) at Headland, AL USA during the 2003-2005 growing seasons. Treatments were arranged in a split plot design, with main plots of peanut residue retained or removed from the soil surface, and subplots as N application rates (0, 34, 67 and 101 kg ha-1) applied in the fall. Peanut residue had minimal to no effect on rye biomass yields, N content, carbon (C) /N ratio, or N, P, K, Ca and Zn uptake. Additional N increased rye biomass yield, and N, P, K, Ca, and Zn uptakes. Peanut residue does not contribute significant amounts of N to a rye cover crop grown as part of a conservation system, but retaining peanut residue on the soil surface could protect the soil from erosion early in the fall and winter before a rye cover crop grows sufficiently to protect the typically degraded southeastern USA soils.

scholarly journals Yield performance of upland rice cultivars at different rates and times of nitrogen application

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Hildernando Bezerra Barreto ◽  
Ismail Soares ◽  
José Almeida Pereira ◽  
Antonio Marcos Esmeraldo Bezerra ◽  
José Aridiano Lima de Deus
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
N Rates

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for rice (Oryza sativa L) yields. This study aimed to evaluate the response of upland rice cultivars to N rate and application times in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots with four replications. The studied factors were five rice cultivars (BRS MG Curinga, BRS Monarca, BRS Pepita, BRS Primavera, and BRS Sertaneja), three application times (100 % at planting, 50 % at planting - 50 % at tillering and 100 % at tillering) and four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). All cultivars responded to increased rates and different times of N application, especially BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja, which were the most productive when 50 % N rates were applied at sowing and 50 % at tillering. The response of cultivar BRS Monarca to N fertilization was best when 100 % of the fertilizer was applied at tillering.

scholarly journals Production and economic viability of banana managed with cover crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1078-1082
Author(s):  
Francisca E. L. Barbosa ◽  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽  
Aiala V. Amorim ◽  
Raimundo N. T. Costa ◽  
José A. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Production Cycles

ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the yield and economic viability of three crop cycles of the banana cv. ‘Prata Anã’ in association with perennial herbaceous legumes, natural vegetation, or compared with the conventional management. The research was conducted using a complete randomized block design with split-split plots and four replicates. The plots were formed by four irrigation depths: 50, 75, 100 and 125% of crop evapotranspiration, and the subplots by cover crops (Calopogonium muconoides, Pueraria phaseoloides, and natural cover without N addition) or no cover crops with addition of N fertilization (conventional management). The subsubplots were formed by the second, third and fourth banana production cycles. Yield and economic viability of the cultivation were estimated for a period of seven years. The conventional management promoted greater yield and economic viability in the cultivation of ‘Prata Anã’ banana, due to the N fertilization. Managements with leguminous cover crops were also economically viable, but they should be investigated in combination with N fertilization and compared with the conventional method.

scholarly journals Crop rotation, green manure and nitrogen fertilizers in upland rice under no-tillage

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orivaldo Arf ◽  
José Roberto Portugal ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Ricardo Antônio Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Marco Eustáquio de Sá
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
Corn Crop

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Savannah region presents a great potential for the expansion of upland rice crops. However, studies are necessary to identify practices that can improve the crop performance, especially in no-tillage systems. This study aimed to assess the effect of cover crops in association with corn on the development and yield of rice cultivated in rotation and cover fertilized with nitrogen doses. The sprinkler irrigation system was used and the experiment was developed in the 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 harvest years, using a randomized block design, in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of the crop remains combinations of single corn crop, corn + Crotalaria spectabilis, corn + pigeon pea, corn + jack bean and corn + Urochloa ruziziensis, as well as cover nitrogen doses (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1) in the rice. The cultivation of upland rice in rotation with corn + pigeon pea was favored by the greater soil cover and nitrogen supply via cycling, if compared to the rotation with single corn crop. The intercropped corn + pigeon pea cultivation in the previous summer resulted in a 15 % increase in the yield of rice grains seeded in the rotation, when compared to the single corn crop. The cover nitrogen application positively influenced the grain yield with the maximum estimated doses of 46 kg ha-1 and 105 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, respectively in the 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 harvest years.

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