BLACK OAT AND RYEGRASS INOCULATED WITH Azospirillum brasilense IN CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEM

ABSTRACT The success of the integrated crop-livestock system depends on the correct pasture management, particularly regarding nitrogen fertilization and grazing intensity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the total production of forage and the proportion of the botanical and structural components of black oat and annual ryegrass mixture. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates and the treatments were arranged in a three-factorial scheme: seed inoculation (with and without Azospirillum brasilense inoculation), grazing management (conventional grazing, where the animals were kept in pasture with no control of pasture height; 30, 20 and 10 cm at the end of grazing, and a control without grazing), and nitrogen fertilization (0, 50 and 100 kg nitrogen ha-1). In treatments with pasture heights where grazing ended at 30, 20 and 10 cm, the height was monitored and biomass was collected when the animals entered and exited the plots. Manual separation of the components was used to determine the dry mass of green leaves, stems, senescent material and inflorescence. Total dry mass production was obtained based on the initial forage mass plus the daily accumulation rates. The proportion of structural components varied according to the different grazing managements, nitrogen doses and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. Biomass production of black oat and ryegrass mixture was increased by nitrogen application and Azospirillum brasilense inoculation.

Download Full-text

Magnesium Sources and Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in the Initial Development of Maize

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n7p170 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 170

Author(s):

Roberto Cecatto Júnior ◽

Vandeir Francisco Guimarães ◽

Lucas Guilherme Bulegon ◽

Anderson Daniel Suss ◽

Adriano Mitio Inigaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Initial Development ◽

Maize Seeds ◽

Seed Inoculation ◽

Leaf Dry Mass ◽

Maize Plants ◽

And Control

The aim was to evaluate the initial development of maize plants when submitted to mineral fertilization with magnesium sources in the presence or absence of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. To do so, was conducted an experiment in greenhouse. In the essay was adopted a randomized blocks design, in a factorial scheme 3 × 2, represented by the magnesium sources: magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), magnesium oxide (MgO) and control without Mg fertilization, in the presence or absence of inoculation with A. brasilense. The Mg sources were supplied with a dose of 30 kg ha-1, being homogenized in the substrate before sowing the crop. The analysis were carried out in the V4 stage, evaluating: basal stem diameter (BSD); relative chlorophyll content (SPAD index), leaf dry mass (LDM), stem + sheath blade dry mass (SSDM) and root dry mass (RDM). No differences were observed for the factors interaction and for the Mg sources. When considered the seed inoculation there was increases of 7.1%; 6.61%; 19.23%; 28.32%; and 15.17 %, for basal stem diameter, SPAD index, leaf dry mass, stem + sheath blade dry mass and roots, respectively. The inoculation of maize seeds with A. brasilense increases the initial development of maize plants and the SPAD index in greenhouse conditions in the V4, while the fertilization with the magnesium sources do not interfere in the maize development.

Download Full-text

DEVELOPMENT OF CORN HYBRIDS (Zea mays) UNDER INOCULATION OF DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

Revista Ciência Agrícola ◽

10.28998/rca.v17i1.4506 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

João Paulo Kruger Reznick ◽

Volnei Pauletti ◽

Daniel Malheiro Nascimento ◽

Marcus Vinicius Cremonesi

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll

<br /><table class="data" width="100%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td class="value">The aim of this work was to evaluate the development of corn genotypes under the effect of inoculation with <em>Azospirillum brasilense</em> in association with nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design (5x2x2) with three replications. Five corn hybrids were used, combined with two doses of nitrogen (N) (without N and with 100 kg ha<span>-1</span> N) and with two inoculation levels of <em>A.brasilense</em> (without and with inoculation). Plant stature and stem diameter at stadiums V8 and R1, leaf chlorophyll content at stadium R1 and dry mass at stadium R2 were evaluated. It was observed that when there was variation in the evaluated parameters, this was due to the different genetic materials and mainly due to the application of N. Inoculation with <em>A.brasilense</em> was not effective in altering the corn development.</td></tr></tbody></table>

Download Full-text

Corn seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in different nitrogen fertilization management

Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias - Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.5039/agraria.v15i3a8100 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

M.V. Alves ◽

C.N. Nesi ◽

G. Naibo ◽

M.H. Barreta ◽

M. Lazzari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Corn Seed ◽

Seed Inoculation

Download Full-text

AADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA E INOCULAÇÃO COM Azospirillum brasilense EM CEVADA

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i1.4611 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 01 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gustavo Ribeiro Barzotto ◽

Sebastião Ferreira Lima ◽

Osvaldir Feliciano Santos ◽

Gabriel Luiz Piati ◽

Carlos Roberto Wassolowski

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Plant Production ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Productivity Gain ◽

Barley Grains

A cevada constitui uma importante cultura no Brasil devido, principalmente, a utilização de seu grão na produção de cervejas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada e da inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense em cevada. O experimento foi instalado em campo, utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial, sendo quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1) na presença ou ausência de inoculação de sementes com A. brasilense e três repetições. Foram avaliadas características de crescimento e massa seca de planta, componentes de produção, teor de N e produtividade de grãos. A maior produtividade de grãos foi alcançada com 66 kg ha-1 de N, sem a aplicação da bactéria. Concluiu-se que o uso de A. brasilense aumenta a produtividade de grãos de cevada na ausência da adubação nitrogenada, mas não suplanta o ganho de produtividade apenas com o uso do N em doses superiores. A severidade de B. sorokidiana foi favorecida com a aplicação de A. brasilense nas maiores doses de N. A inoculação com A. brasilense é uma alternativa viável para aumentar a produtividade de grãos de cevada, caso se opte pelo cultivo sem fertilização mineral nitrogenada.Palavra-chave: Hordeum vulgare, bactérias diazotróficas, malte. NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND INOCULATION WITH AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE IN BARLEY ABSTRACT:The barley is an important crop in Brazil, mainly due to the use of its grain in the production of beers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on barley. The experiment was carried out in the field, using a randomized block design in a factorial scheme, with four nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) in the presence or absence of seed inoculation with A. brasilense and three replications. Growth characteristics and dry mass of the plant, production components, N content and grain yield were evaluated. The highest grain yield was achieved with 66 kg ha-1 of N, without application of the bacteria. It was concluded that the use of A. brasilense increases the yield of barley grains in the absence of nitrogen fertilization, but does not supplant the productivity gain only with the use of N in higher doses. The B. sorokidiana severity was favored by the application of A. brasilense in the highest N doses. The inoculation with A. brasilense is a viable alternative to increase the yield of barley grains, in case of cultivation without nitrogen fertilization.Keywords: Hordeum vulgare, diazotrophic bacteria, malt. DOI:

Download Full-text

Morphometry and production of maize inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense

Colloquium Agrariae ◽

10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n4.a447 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 34-46

Author(s):

Tauane Santos Brito ◽

Vandeir Francisco Guimarães ◽

Elisiane Inês Dall’Oglio Chaves ◽

Renan Pan ◽

Alexandre Wegner Lerner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Root Volume ◽

Inoculation Methods ◽

Nutritional Parameters ◽

Seed Inoculation ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

This study aimed to analyze the influence of inoculation methods with Azospirillum brasilense in morphometric and nutritional parameters of the maize crop. Maize plants, hybrid Formula VT®, were grown under different forms of inoculation: absence of inoculation; seed inoculation; leaf inoculation; seed inoculation associated to leaf inoculation. In the phenological stages V8 and VT the parameters number of leaves, aerial height, root volume, stem diameter, besides the leaves, stem, sheath, root and total dry mass and the leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were determined. In the R6 stage, in addition to the previous evaluations the following parameters were determined: ear diameter and length, number of kernel rows, number of kernels per row, the reproductive structure and thousand grains dry mass, and total number of grains, besides the grain’s content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The SPAD index from the leave’s apex, medial and basal thirds was measured fortnightly. The inoculation methods with A. brasilense had little influence in maize’s morphometric and nutritional parameters, also not influencing in production. Maize plants inoculated with A. brasilense, via seed and via seed associated to leaf spraying, positively stood out for the stem diameter, leaves dry mas, root volume, and for the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium leaf content.

Download Full-text

Efeito da Inoculação de Azospirillum Brasilense em Plantas de Trigo Submetidas a Convivência com Azevém

Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde ◽

10.17921/1415-6938.2019v23n2p115-120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Jaqueline de Araújo Barbosa ◽

Ivonei Perego ◽

Claudia Tochetto ◽

Neumarcio Vilanova da Costa

Keyword(s):

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Seed Inoculation ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Wheat Cultivation ◽

Number Of Leaves

A matocompetição limita o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da cultura do trigo. Porém, a inoculação com bactérias diazotróficas pode reduzir os efeitos da matocompetição. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense em sementes de trigo, e seus efeitos nos estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento, sendo submetidas em convivência com plantas de azevém. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, e esquema fatorial 2x3, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator correspondeu a inoculação de sementes trigo com A. brasilense, e o segundo fator a três densidades populacionais de azevém (0, 25, 50). Avaliações foram realizadas nas plantas de trigo aos 18 e 34 dias após a emergência (DAE). Aos 18 DAE, na densidade de 50 plantas de azevém, as plantas de trigo inoculadas foram 30% maiores em altura. Houve redução no número de folhas, em que as plantas de trigo inoculadas apresentaram número de folhas 33% maior do que as não inoculadas, além de índice de SPAD 23% maior. Aos 34 DAE, na densidade de 50 plantas de azevém, houve aumento de 21% na altura das plantas de trigo, índice SPAD 13% maior, e área foliar 15% maior em relação às plantas não inoculadas. Apesar do aumento de 68% no acúmulo de massa seca, as plantas inoculadas não diferiram em biomassa em relação à testemunha, quando em matocompetição. Conclui-se que a inoculação com A. brasilense favorece a cultura do trigo em matocompetição até os 18 DAE, mas ao final de 34 DAE, não se observam efeitos satisfatórios. Palavras-chave: Diazotróficas. Lolium multiflorum. Matocompetição. Plantas Daninhas. AbstractThe weed competition limits the growth and development of the wheat crop. However, the inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria can reduce the effects of weed competition. The objective of this work was to evaluate the inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in seeds, and its effects in the early stages of development, and subjected to coexistence with plants of azevém. A completely randomized block design, and factorial 2x3, with four replications were used. The first factor corresponded to wheat seed inoculation with A. brasilense, and the second factor to three population densities of azevém (0, 25, 50). Evaluations were performed in wheat plants at 18 and 34 days after emergence (DAE). At 18 DAE, the density of 50 plants of azevém, the wheat plants inoculated were 30% greater in height. There was a reduction in the number of leaves, in which the wheat plants inoculated presented a number of sheets 33% higher than those not inoculated, in addition to SPAD index 23% higher. At 34 DAE, the density of 50 plants of azevém, there was an increase of 21% in the height of wheat plants, SPAD index 13% higher leaf area, and 15% higher than the non-inoculated plants. Despite the increase of 68% in the accumulation of dry mass, the inoculated plants did not differ in biomass in relation to the control , when in weed competition. It is concluded that inoculation with A. brasilense favors wheat cultivation in weed competition up to 18 DAE, but at the end of 34 DAE, no satisfactory effects are observed. Keywords: Diazotrophic. Lolium multiflorum. Matocompetition. Weeds.

Download Full-text

Biometric and Bromatological Characteristics of Brachiaria Inoculated With Azospirillum brasilense Associated With Nitrogen Fertilization

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n16p98 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Lucas Guilherme Bulegon ◽

Anderson Daniel Suss ◽

Roberto Cecatto Júnior ◽

Vandeir Francisco Guimarães ◽

Deise Dalazen Castagnara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

The Other ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Made In ◽

Do So

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biometric and bromatological characteristics of Urochloa ruziziensis in due to inoculation times with Azospirillum brasilense in the presence or absence of nitrogen fertilization. To do so it was used a randomized blocks design, with factorial scheme 4 × 2, where the first factor consisted the inoculation periods: control; A. brasilense in the seed; A. brasilense at tillering (aerial) and A. brasilense seed + foliar. The second factor constituted in the presence or absence of nitrogen (1000 mg dm³). Evaluations were made in the first, second and third cut, being evaluated the plant height, number of tillers per plant, leaves dry mass, culm+sheath dry mass; crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. The use of nitrogen fertilization increased the productive and bromatological parameters in the crop of U. ruziziensis, however, the use of A. brasilense increased only the height of plants, not influencing the other productive characteristics and the bromatological parameters. It is concluded that the use of A. brasilense, regardless the period it was made, presents inconclusive results for biometric and bromatological characteristics of plants of Urochloa ruziziensis in need of further studies, on the other hand, the nitrogen fertilization brings positive effects over the evaluated parameters on U. ruziziensis.

Download Full-text

Grazing height and nitrogen fertilization strategy in black oat/maize succession

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 2539-2554

Author(s):

Felipe Luiz Chiamulera Deifeld ◽

◽

André Brugnara Soares ◽

Daniel Schmitt ◽

Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Grazing Intensity ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Pasture Management ◽

Pasture Production ◽

N Application ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Grain Crop

This study was developed to examine the effect of combining nitrogen (N) fertilization strategies and pasture management heights on animal and grain production in an Integrated Crop-Livestock System. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Abelardo Luz - SC, Brazil, between April 2017 and April 2018. A randomized-block design was adopted, with the treatments arranged in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with three replicates. The first factor was the height of the pasture managed under continuous grazing: high (HH, 20 cm) or low (LH, 12 cm). The second factor corresponded to the N application times: in the winter, in the pasture (NP), and in the summer, in the grain crop (NG), in a single N rate of 200 kg ha-1 as topdressing. The forage species used during the pasture phase was black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb), and the pasture was grazed by Nellore × Charolais crossbred steers with an initial body weight of 260 kg. The summer crop was maize (Zea mays). Average daily gain (ADG) and herbage allowance were higher in HH than in LH, whereas animal load was higher in HH. Between the N application times, the animal load was higher in NP. Pasture management height and N fertilization strategy did not affect the variables of number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, thousand-grain weight, or total grain yield, which overall averaged 14,090 kg ha-1. In conclusion, the inversion of nitrogen fertilization between the periods of winter pasture production and grain crop and the management height of the black oat pasture do not compromise the production of maize grains in the summer, or animal production per area. However, steer performance is greater (higher ADG) when the pasture is managed at 20 cm, whereas a high grazing intensity significantly reduces straw on the soil.

Download Full-text