scholarly journals Depressive symptoms and drug use among nursing staff professionals

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelle Aparecida de Barros Junqueira ◽  
Manoel Antônio dos Santos ◽  
Lúcio Borges de Araújo ◽  
Maria Cristina de Moura Ferreira ◽  
Carla Denari Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate possible relationships between drug abuse, symptoms suggestive of depression and gender in nursing team professionals. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted in a general hospital with 416 participants. Used questionnaire with sociodemographic information, ASSIST, AUDIT-C and PHQ-2 tests. Used Fisher's Exact Tests, Chi-Square Test, and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis. Results: The female gender presented decreased odds ratios for alcohol consumption in the binge pattern and use of marijuana; and double odds ratios for feelings of lack of interest and pleasure. Symptoms suggestive of depression presented potential risks for the use of sedatives. Conclusion: Drug abuse and symptoms of depression are associated and manifest differently, according to gender among nursing staff professionals. Implications for practice: Social and gender roles influence the mental health conditions of these professionals.

scholarly journals Drug Abuse Prevalence Among 10th - 12th-Grade Students of Kerman, Iran in 2017 - 2018 Academic Year

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Mazhari ◽  
Hassan Ziaaddini ◽  
Nozar Nakhaee ◽  
Azam Kermanian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Substance Involvement ◽  
Academic Year

Background: It is generally accepted that due to various reasons, the age of drug abuse prevalence continues to decline, which imposes numerous personal and social dysfunctions. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of drug abuse among adolescents in Kerman, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,000 10th - 12th-grade students in the academic year of 2017 - 2018 selected by random cluster sampling. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics checklist and alcohol smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST). Data were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: The results showed that the highest prevalence of substance abuse among students was related to tobacco, alcohol, and sedatives. It was also demonstrated that the use of cigarettes, sedatives, cannabis, and amphetamine was significantly higher among male subjects compared to female participants (P < 0.05). Moreover, 16.4, 12.9, and 5.1% of the tobacco, alcohol, and sedative users required low interventions, respectively, whereas 1.5, 0.8, and 0.4% of them required high interventions, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, there was higher drug abuse prevalence in male students compared to female students. As such, it seems that consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and narcotics in adolescents requires serious intervention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Microdontia among Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of microdontia among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, (JSMU) from January-2020 to May-2020. Pre-treatment casts were taken of 140 subjects. The mesiodistal dimension of each tooth was recorded through the vernier caliper. Frequency and percentage were calculated for the presence of microdontia. The test applied was Pearson’s Chi-square test to assess the relationship between microdontia and variables like age and gender. P-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Data analysis was performed on SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 140 subjects were selected i.e. 105 (75%) females and 35 (25%) males aged range 13 -30 years with mean age 18.29 ± 3.88. Out of 42, single tooth microdontia was found in 3 (7.1%), more than one tooth microdontia, and generalized microdontia was present in 36 (85.7%) and 3 (7.1%) respectively. Microdontia was found to be more common in the maxilla (n=42, 100%) than the mandible (n=14, 33.3%). It was found more common in females (n=37, 35.2%) as compared to males (n=5, 14.3%). Statistically significant relationship was found among gender and prevalence of microdontia (p=0.019) with a statistically insignificant relationship between age and presence of microdontia (p=0.228). Conclusions: Microdontia was found to be a frequent dental anomaly, was more common in maxilla and females with a significant association with gender.

scholarly journals Prescription pattern in public specialized dental care centers in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e554101220732
Author(s):  
Gabriela Luiza Hochscheidt ◽  
Mateus Müller da Silva ◽  
Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre Silva de Quevedo ◽  
Deise Ponzoni
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Dosage Regimen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender

The aim of this study was to evaluate the most common drugs prescribed by dentists and the indicators related to rational drug use. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in which 189 interviews were carried out from August 2015 to June 2016 with patients who received drug prescriptions at specialized dental care centers in a city in southern Brazil. A specific data sheet was used, with questions regarding: age and gender of the patient, dental specialty in which the care occurred, and prescription drugs and their respective dosage regimen. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test (p <0.05). From the total of interviews, it was observed that 92.1% of patients received written medication prescriptions. Of these prescriptions, 38.5% had some type of antibiotic for systemic use. Acetaminophen was the most prescribed drug (33.4%), followed by amoxicillin (19.7%). The mean number of medications per prescription was 1.75, and 17.4% of the prescriptions did not indicate the dosage regimen. Our findings indicate a high incidence of prescribed antibiotics and non-compliance with regulatory agency guidance in prescriptions at the centers evaluated.

The Incidence Rate of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in Patients with Earache

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsoulmolouk Najafi ◽  
Nafiseh Sheykhbahaei ◽  
Maryam-Sadat Sadrzadeh-Afshar ◽  
Shahin Asadi-Ghalhari ◽  
Narges Gholizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Axis I ◽  
And Gender

Background and Objectives: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is known as a chronic pain in the earsmanifested in the form of tinnitus, earache, hearingloss, vertigo, and other impairments. Although patients affected with this disorderundergo long-term treatmentsusing various medicines without significant pain relief,medical care is still possible with a correct diagnosis. This study investigated the incidencerate of TMD in patients suffering from earache. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study investigate theincidencerate of TMDin patients with earache referring todental clinics affiliated toTehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran, including patients with over six months of earache or those having pain despite using medicines. The Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) Axis I and II Protocol was used for examining TMD and stress, and also independent t-test and Chi-square test were employedto compare TMD patientsin terms of age and gender. Results:A total number of 100 individuals aged between 18 and 65 years, including 40 males and 60 females were examined in this study. The incidence rate of TMD in patients with earache was also reported by 76.5%. Conclusion:The results indicated a highincidence rate ofTMDin patients having earache. Accordingly, patients complaining about TMD required specialized earache evaluationsby dentists and medics.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Use of Areca Nut and Its Effect on Oral Health in School Going Children in Gadap Town, Malir, Karachi, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Maqbool ◽  
Mohammad Ali Leghari ◽  
Sajjad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACT Background Areca nut chewing in different forms is getting more prevalent among the south Asian inhabitants. Its uses are progressing from adults to adolescents and especially its frequent use among the school going children. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of areca nut chewing and its effect on the oral health of school going children. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study using a close ended questionnaire was conducted to collect the data from the school going children of Gadap town, Malir, Karachi. A random sample of 285 students (n = 285) were examined. The research instrument was self-structured close ended questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions regarding the knowledge and consequences of chewing areca nut, its products and its effect on their oral health. The questionnaires were administered to the students in their respective classes and the filled questionnaires were collected on the same day. Chi-square test was used for differences in frequencies among the types of areca nut, practices of using areca nut and gender variables. Stata 11 was used for data analysis. Total number of 285 children were surveyed. Results There were 75.09% boys and 24.91% girls, mean age of the students was 6.23 (1.05). The range of the students was 4 to 8 years. The frequency of using areca nut and products containing areca nut in our study was 77.9%. There were 60.35% students both male and female who were identified to gutkha chewing habit. Frequency of consumption of chewing areca nut made products increases as the age's increases. The 74.38% respondents were suffering from oral lesions. Conclusion Chewing of areca nut and products containing areca nut is prevailing in rural areas especially among the lower age group of school going children. Both genders are equally and frequently use areca nut as habit. How to cite this article Leghari MA, Ali S, Maqbool S. The Prevalence of Use of Areca Nut and Its Effect on Oral Health in School Going Children in Gadap Town, Malir, Karachi, Pakistan. World J Dent 2016;7(1):6-9.

scholarly journals An evaluation on the association between sleep and dietary patterns with obesity - an online cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 691-697
Author(s):  
Karthik V ◽  
Sridevi G ◽  
Leslie Rani S
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
And Gender

This survey was taken up to analyze the association between food habits and sleep with obesity. The survey involved 200 healthy participants of both genders.  A cross sectional study was planned among the saveetha university students. Generalised questionnaires which assess the food habits of the participants was designed to find how it relates with obesity and PITTSBURGH sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep habits of the subject during the past one month. The responses of the questions were tabulated and the correlation of food habits and sleep with the tendency of obesity and gender-related analysis was done using SPSS software version 22 and the statistical test used was chi-square test and the significance value was fixed at p < 0.05. The results revealed that about 49% of people have trouble sleeping. 51% of people less than once a week face trouble. 53 % of people use the bathroom in the middle of sleep. 56% of people drink soft drinks two times per day. There were also significant changes among genders in the intake of junk food intake, appetite and sleep rating. Thus the study concluded that food habits with the intake of junk food and sleep deprivation with gender correlation predispose to obesity.

scholarly journals LIP LACERATION ASSESSMENT AMONG STUDENTS OF DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY IN ABRAKA, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
E. Anibor ◽  
M. Obaroefe ◽  
E. Kaeka
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
State University ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Delta State University

The human lip is a highly visible aesthetic feature due to its positioning on the face, therefore, laceration of the lip may be viewed as a form of cosmetic deformation. This study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence level of lip laceration among Delta State University undergraduates in Abraka, Nigeria. Descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed with data obtained via self-administered questionnaire. Respondents were Undergraduates of Delta State University, Abraka, and aged 15-30 years. Data were analysed for inferential statistics using chi-square test tool. Females 198 (51.6%) constituted majority of the respondent as against males 186 (48.4%). Majority of the respondents were within the ages of 18-20 years (210, 54.7%) with the least age group been those of 26-30 years (28, 7.3%). The study reveals a low prevalence of lip laceration amongst the population (79, 19.8%). A significant association was observed between age (0.020), gender (0.030) and lip laceration prevalence level. The study revealed that the female gender 49 (62%) had a higher prevalence of lip laceration alongside individuals within the ages of 15-20 years 47 (59.5%). Overall, the study concludes that prevalence of lip laceration among students of Delta State University in Abraka, Nigeria as at the time of study is low and this a significant literature data.

scholarly journals STUDI CROSS-SECTIONAL: PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENERIMAAN VAKSINASI COVID-19 DI KABUPATEN KARANGASEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Ayu Ardiningsih ◽  
Made Pasek Kardiwinata
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
College Education ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Acceptance Rates

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Vaksinasi COVID-19 merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi pandemi COVID-19 yang terjadi saat ini. Tingkat penerimaan vaksinasi yang rendah dapat menghambat tercapainya herd immunity. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran persepsi masyarakat terhadap penerimaan vaksinasi COVID-19 di Kecamatan Karangasem Kabupaten Karangasem.Metode: Desain penelitian studi cross-sectional dengan populasi masyarakat Kecamatan Karangasem berusia 18-59 tahun. Besar sampel 184 orang didapat dengan teknik voluntary sampling. Data dikumpulkan secara online menggunakan google form. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: penerimaan vaksinasi sebesar 96,20% dan 3,80% menolak karena memiliki riwayat penyakit komorbid. Variabel yang berhubungan signifikan dengan penerimaan vaksinasi COVID-19 adalah jenis kelamin perempuan (OR=1,62; 95% CI 0,26-11,32), usia lebih dari 55 tahun (OR=3,42; 95% CI 0,44-26,59), pendidikan terakhir perguruan tinggi (OR=11,41; 95% CI 1,32-529,13), persepsi kerentanan terinfeksi COVID-19 yang tinggi (OR=7,79; 95% CI 1,20-83,41), persepsi keparahan terinfeksi COVID-19 yang tinggi (OR=4,37, 95% CI 0,67-46,07), persepsi manfaat vaksinasi COVID-19 yang tinggi (OR=7,79; 95% CI 1,20-83,41), dan persepsi hambatan melakukan vaksinasi yang rendah (OR=5,73; 95% CI 0,10-64,08).Kesimpulan: penelitian selanjutnya perlu untuk mengkaji terkait penyakit komorbid terhadap penerimaan vaksin COVID-19.Kata kunci: COVID-19, penerimaan vaksin, KarangasemABSTRACTBackground: The COVID-19 vaccination is one of the efforts to overcome the current COVID-19 pandemic. Low vaccination acceptance rates can hinder the achievement of herd immunity. The purpose of this study was to describe the public perception of receiving COVID-19 vaccination in the Sub-district of Karangasem, Karangasem Regency.Methods: The design of study used a cross-sectional study with the population of Karangasem Sub-district aged 18-59 years. The sample size of 184 people was obtained by voluntary sampling. Data collected online using google form. Chi-square test were used for data analysis.Results: vaccine acceptance rate was 96.20% and 3,80% refuse to get vaccine because they have comorbid. Variables that have a significant associate to the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination are female gender (OR=1,62; 95% CI 0,26-11,32), age more than 55 years (OR=3,42; 95% CI 0,44-26,59), last college education (OR=11,41; 95% CI 1,32-529,13), high perceived of susceptibility to COVID-19 infection (OR=7,79; 95% CI 1,20-83,41), high perceived of severity if infected with COVID-19 (OR=4,37, 95% CI 0,67-46,07), high perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination (OR=7,79; 95% CI 1,20-83,41), and low perceived barriers to vaccination (OR=5,73; 95% CI 0,10-64,08).Conslusion: Further research need to study related comorbid to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.Keyword: COVID-19, vaccine acceptance, Karangasem

scholarly journals Stigmatization and Discrimination toward People Living with HIV/AIDS in a Coastal City of South India

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nithin Kumar ◽  
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan ◽  
Rekha Thapar ◽  
Prasanna Mithra ◽  
Vaman Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: The HIV/AIDS scenario all over the world is complicated by the stigmatic and discriminative attitudes toward the HIV-infected individuals. Methodology: In this facility-based, cross-sectional study, 104 HIV-positive patients were assessed regarding their personal experience with HIV-related stigma and discrimination using a Revised HIV Stigma Scale. The association between stigma and factors such as socioeconomic status and gender was tested using chi-square test, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A large proportion (41.3%) of the participants were in the age-group of 26 to 35 years. Confidentiality of the HIV positivity status was maintained only in 14.4% of the participants. Compared to females (48.2%), more than half (51.5%) of the male participants had experienced HIV/AIDS-related personalized stigma ( P > .05). Conclusion: HIV-related stigma and discrimination are the major social determinants driving the epidemic, despite the advances in medical treatment and increases in the awareness about the disease.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Smile Line in Natural and Forced Smile Position: An Institution-based Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Binam Sapkota ◽  
Shatakshi Srivastava ◽  
Sushmit Koju ◽  
Ritesh Srii
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Type ◽  
Facial Esthetics ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Very High

Introduction: Smile line is a major factor considered in esthetic treatment planning.Objective: To assess the position of the smile line both in natural and forced position in relation to age and gender in Nepali population sample.Materials & Method: A cross sectional study was done in 220 adults. DSLR camera was used to take photograph of the participants. Two different photographs were taken of each participant in natural and forced smile position in standardized format. The smile lines were determined and classified according to Liebart et al. Data analysis was done by SPSS 20.0 software. Chi square test was performed to analyze statistical significance between the gender and age groupsResult: Maximum individuals had low type of natural smile (59.1%) and average type of forced smile (40.0%). Very few individuals had very high type of natural smile (1.4%) and very high type of forced smile (15.9%). Among all, 41% had visibility of the periodontium during normal smile while on forced smile 79.1% had visibility of the periodontium.Conclusion: Females have significantly more periodontal visibility when compared to males during forced smile in Nepali population sample. This concept of smile line should be utilized for treatment planning to achieve desirable facial esthetics in many fields of dentistry including Orthodontics, Prosthodontics, Periodontics, Restorative Dentistry. 

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