scholarly journals Genetic Versus Environmental Influence on Radial Variation in Myracrodruon urundeuva Wood

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Luiz Longui ◽  
Gabriela Trindade Pires ◽  
Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas ◽  
Diego Romeiro ◽  
Sandra Monteiro Borges Florsheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Radial Variation ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Seed Origin

ABSTRACT We hypothesized that Myracrodruon urundeuva trees of two provenances with different genotypes would present variations influenced by their origin terms of anatomy and specific gravity when planted in an environment different from their seed origin, but under the same environmental conditions. We investigated radial variation in 12 trees. The observation that only vessel frequency and fiber length showed the same pattern of radial variation in the two provenances indicate that radial variation in M. urundeuva seems to depend on the origin of the seeds, that is, a genetic factor, rather than on the influence of climate and soil, which repreent environmental factors. We noticed marked differences in all features when comparing the same growth rings in each provenance, a result that reinforces the genetic influence on wood formation. We conclude that the studied plants maintain their wood structure as a result of genetic information, as selected by climatic conditions of seed original area, and possibly due to the highly conservative wood anatomy.

scholarly journals Effect of provenances on wood properties of Balfourodendron riedelianum

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Aparecida Vianna Assad ◽  
Adriano Wagner Ballarin ◽  
Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas ◽  
Eduardo Luiz Longui
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Volume Properties ◽  
Seed Origin

Wood is comparatively more conservative than other parts of trees, such as leaves, which present greater phenotypic plasticity. We studied the effect of seed origin on annual increment, physical-mechanical properties and anatomical characteristics of Balfourodendron riedelianum wood in a homogeneous plantation (Luiz Antônio Experimental Station (LAES)) from three natural provenances (Gália and Bauru in São Paulo State and Alvorada do Sul in Paraná State, Brazil). Because genotypic information is a determinant of wood formation, trees were expected to develop wood structure based on their provenances. Our results demostrate that variations in volume, properties and wood anatomy were influenced by provenance. Alvorada do Sul trees showed lower growth in volume and higher strength and homogeneity, compared to Gália and Bauru. Typical radial pattern was not observed for most characteristics, except modulus of elasticity and fiber length in Gália and compression parallel to the grain in Bauru that increased towards the bark. Based on the latter characteristc, B. riedelianum wood in a homogeneous planting has class C40 mechanical strength, as indicated for use in medium-sized structures, light civil construction and the manufacture of furniture.

EMBOLISM INCREASE AND ANATOMICAL MODIFICATIONS CAUSED BY A PARASITIC PLANT: PHORADENDRON CRASSIFOLIUM (SANTALACEAE) ON TAPIRIRA GUIANENSIS (ANACARDIACEAE)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luíza Teixeira-Costa ◽  
Gregório Ceccantini
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Xylem Sap Flow ◽  
Host Parasite

Parasitic plants are capable of causing a variety of effects to their hosts, including alterations in the process of wood formation. However, the majority of studies dealing with parasitic plant anatomy have focused on the host–parasite interface and the direct action of the haustorium, which is the organ responsible for attaching the parasite to the host. Considering this gap, we studied the anatomical and functional effects caused by a mistletoe species, Phoradendron crassifolium (Santalaceae), on the wood anatomy of the host tree Tapirira guianensis (Anacardiaceae). Both parasitized and non-parasitized branches were collected from host trees. Traditional wood anatomy procedures were employed, along with functionality experiments using the ascent of safranin solution through the xylem. Prior to the analysis, all sampled branches were divided in “upstream” and “downstream” portions, considering the direction of xylem sap flow inside the plant body. This design was chosen in order to avoid biased results derived from normal ontogeny-related wood anatomical and functional changes. Our results showed that infested wood expressed a higher density of embolized vessels, narrower vessel lumen diameter, higher vessel density, taller and wider rays, and fibers with thinner cell walls. All these responses were most conspicuous in the downstream sections of the parasitized branches. We propose that the wood anatomical and functional alterations were induced by the combination of water stress caused by water use by the parasite and consequent low turgor in differentiating cambial derivates; by unbalanced auxin/cytokinin concentrations originating at the infestation region due to phloem disruptions caused by the parasite’s penetration and action; and by higher than usual ethylene levels. Further analysis of hydraulic conductivity and hormonal changes in host branches are necessary to test this hypothesis.

scholarly journals The significance of compression wood in restoration of the leader in Pinus sihestris L. damaged by moose (Alces alces). II. Structure of growth rings in regenerating stems in relation to juvenile wood formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Molski
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Late Wood ◽  
Wood Compression

The corewood of pine ds very prone to compression wood formation, this changing the whole pattern of the tree ring structure and the siz.es of early and late wood. Compression wood always increases the formation of late wood at the expense of early wood. Tree rings with compression wood are generally wider than those without it, but there occur also tree rings wihout compression wood wider than those in which it is present, formed in the same year and in the same tree.

Analyse dendrochronologique d'un glissement de terrain de la région du Lac à l'Eau Claire (Québec nordique)

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bégin ◽  
Louise Filion
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Glissement De Terrain ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Slow Progression ◽  
Ring Analysis

A landslide in Clearwater Lake has been dated to spring of 1933 from tree-ring analysis (reaction wood, growth suppression, and corrosion scars). From the 52 sampled trees, seven peak periods of movement were registered within the site before landslide occurrence: 1785, 1815, 1827, 1829, 1852–1853, 1871–1872, 1897, and 1926. After a slow progression lasting 200 years, the slope movements accelerated in 1926, as indicated by suppressed growth rings. It is proposed here that the landslide was the outcome of a long-term slope development partly controlled by climate (precipitation). Postdisturbance forest regeneration (between 1950 and 1976) on the newly exposed substrate is also related to climatic conditions.

Intra-Annual Spiral Compression Wood: A Record of Low-Frequency Gravitropic Circumnutational Movement in Trees

IAWA Journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Telewski
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Plant Seedlings

The majority of detailed studies on circumnutational growth movements have focused on herbaceous plants or on the primary growth of woody plant seedlings, ignoring completely secondary growth in woody plants. The relatively rapid movement in herbaceous tissues consists of two components: an autonomous growth rhythm and a gravitropic response. Since there is a gravitropic component to circumnutational movement and a gravitropic stimulus can induce compression wood formation, the formation of a compression wood spiral may be expected if there is a circumnutational movement of a woody stern. It is suggested here, that observed spirals of compression wood within annual growth rings in Pinus taeda L. and Abies concolor (Gord. ' Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. represents an annual record of a slower circumnutational growth movement. Data derived from observations of greenhouse- grown 3-year-old Pinus taeda seedlings indicate that there are two distinct circumnutational patterns of different rotation al frequency present in woody plants associated with primary and secondary tissues.

scholarly journals Plastic Responses of Magnolia schiedeana Schltdl., a Relict-Endangered Mexican Cloud Forest Tree, to Climatic Events: Evidences from Leaf Venation and Wood Vessel Anatomy

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Ernesto C. Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽  
Jeymy Adriana Valdez-Nieto ◽  
José Antonio Vázquez-García ◽  
Gregg Dieringer ◽  
Isolda Luna-Vega
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tropical Montane Cloud Forest ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Montane Cloud Forest ◽  
Microenvironmental Factors

The Mexican tropical montane cloud forest trees occur under special and limited climatic conditions; many of these species are particularly more sensitive to drought stress. Hydric transport in leaf veins and wood features are influenced by climatic variations and individual intrinsic factors, which are essential processes influencing xylogenesis. We assessed the plastic response to climatic oscillation in two relict-endangered Magnolia schiedeana Schltdl. populations and associated the architecture of leaf vein traits with microenvironmental factors and wood anatomy features with climatic variables. The microenvironmental factors differed significantly between the two Magnolia populations and significantly influenced variation in M. schiedeana leaf venation traits. The independent chronologies developed for the two study forests were dated back 171–190 years. The climate-growth analysis showed that M. schiedeana growth is strongly related to summer conditions and growth responses to Tmax, Tmin, and precipitation. Our study highlights the use of dendroecological tools to detect drought effects. This association also describes modifications in vessel traits recorded before, during, and after drought events. In conclusion, our results advance our understanding of the leaf vein traits and wood anatomy plasticity in response to microenvironmental fluctuations and climate in the tropical montane cloud forest.

scholarly journals Influence of climatic conditions on growth rings of Salix uva-ursi Pursh from the southeastern shore of Hudson Bay, Subarctic Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Magdalena Opała-Owczarek ◽  
Piotr Owczarek ◽  
Ewa Łupikasza ◽  
Stéphane Boudreau ◽  
Krzysztof Migała
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Growth Rings

Genetic and Environmental Sex Differences in Mental Rotation Ability: A Japanese Twin Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunitake Suzuki ◽  
Chizuru Shikishima ◽  
Juko Ando
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Mental Rotation Test ◽  
Small Influence ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Explained Variance

Sex differences in mental rotation ability have been observed in many countries. A previous study of Finnish participants reported that genetic and environmental influences on mental rotation ability differ between sexes. In this study, we assessed genetic and environmental influences on variance in mental rotation ability in 649 Japanese twins using a mental rotation test. To explain the influence of sex on variance in mental rotation ability, we applied genetic analysis using the sex limitation model. The following two factors explained variance in mental rotation ability: (1) the additive genetic factor, which reflects the accumulated small influence of many genes, and (2) the unique environmental factor, which is a type of environmental factor that differs between co-twins. The shared environmental factor, a type of environmental factor common for co-twins, could not explain the variance in mental rotation ability. Furthermore, the additive genetic factor was the same between sexes (i.e., not qualitative sex differences for the additive genetic factor), indicating that the same genes affect mental rotation ability in both sexes. Despite this observation, the additive genetic influence was greater in males than in females. In contrast, the unique environmental influence was not different between sexes. Considering the current results and those of a previous study, the quantitative sex difference for the additive genetic influences in mental rotation ability may be universal, while the unique environmental differences may depend on the characteristics of specific populations.

Aspidosperma flaviflorum (Apocynaceae), a New Species from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, with Notes on Wood Anatomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
David Johane Machate ◽  
Marcelo Rodrigo Pace ◽  
Flávio Macedo Alves ◽  
Juliana Furtado da Costa Queiroz ◽  
Maria Ana Farinaccio
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—Aspidosperma flaviflorum, is described as a new species from the submountain semideciduous forest in the municipality of Porto Murtinho in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. This new taxon is described and compared with the most morphologically similar species, A. quirandy and A. tomentosum. In its wood anatomy, A. flaviflorum is unique within the genus by the very scanty axial parenchyma and the lack of a line of axial parenchyma delimiting the growth rings.

Determination of the Age of Pinus Occidentalis in La Celestina, Dominican Republic, by the Use of Growth Rings

IAWA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xander M. van der Burgt
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Annual Periodicity ◽  
La Celestina ◽  
Pinus Occidentalis ◽  
Mean Time

The growth rings of Pinus occidentalis Swartz trees in La Celestina, Dominican Republic, show between-tree uniformity. With difficulty, two mean time series were made from ring widths of 1) all visible, including intra-annual, rings and 2) groups of rings that were hypothesized to be annual. Both were compared with a 63-year range of rainfall data. An annual periodicity in wood formation is present, but obscured by many intra-annual rings. The annual periodicity of the trees may be a remnant of their possible origin from higher altitudes, where frosts may occur during the cold season. The youngest of the 7 investigated trees was about 39 years old; the oldest about 46 years. These seven trees contain between approximately 2 and 6 growth rings per year, with an average of about 3.5-4.

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