scholarly journals Non increased neuron-specific enolase concentration in cerebrospinal fluid during first febrile seizures and a year follow-up in pediatric patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 56 (3B) ◽  
pp. 540-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERTO J. DORTA-CONTRERAS ◽  
EDITH TABÍO-VALDÉS ◽  
ALINA TABÍO-VALDÉS ◽  
CARIDAD DELGADO-FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
HANSOTTO REIBER
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Enzyme Assay ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
Neurological Problem ◽  
The Brain

Febrile seizures are the commonest acute neurological disorder of early childhood. Studies suggested that febrile seizures are previous acute events from a more serious neurological problem. Due to neuron-specific enolase is generally accepted as a marker for neuropathological processes in the brain, 16 pediatric patients were studied during their first seizures and a year after it. Neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid and blood were analysed by an immune enzyme assay. Non pathological neuron-specific enolase values were obtained in both periods in the group of patients. There were no significative differences when paired series statistics test was performed with 95% of confidence. Neuron-specific enolase appears not to be a marker for febrile seizures because its concentration not be increased in cerebrospinal fluid in this group of patients.

Torticollis as an Initial Manifestation of a Seronegative Demyelinating Disorder in a Child: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandesh Kini ◽  
Yellanthoor Ramesh Bhat ◽  
Lakshmikanth Halegubbi Karegowda
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Initial Manifestation ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
The Brain

AbstractTorticollis refers to a condition in which the head is persistently tilted to one side, sometimes associated with pain. Torticollis in a child can be congenital or acquired. Torticollis as an initial manifestation of an underlying demyelinating syndrome is quite rare in children. Here, we report a 7-year-old girl who presented with persistent torticollis. Neuroimaging of the brain revealed features of a demyelinating disease. Further studies did not show any evidence of multiple sclerosis. Cerebrospinal fluid was negative for antiaquaporin-4 antibodies, antimyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies, and oligoclonal bands. A seronegative demyelinating disorder was considered. She was treated with pulsed methylprednisolone therapy. She responded well to steroids with no progression of illness during follow-up. Torticollis was partially improved.

Brain volume changes in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: Revisiting the Monro-Kellie doctrine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 033310242095038
Author(s):  
Jr-Wei Wu ◽  
Yen-Feng Wang ◽  
Shu-Shya Hseu ◽  
Shu-Ting Chen ◽  
Yung-Lin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Fixed Constant ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Volume

Objectives In the application of the Monro-Kellie doctrine in spontaneous intracranial hypotension, the brain tissue volume is generally considered as a fixed constant. Traditionally, cerebral venous dilation is thought to compensate for decreased cerebrospinal fluid. However, whether brain tissue volume is invariable has not yet been explored. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether brain tissue volume is fixed or variable in spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients using automatic quantitative methods. Methods This retrospective and longitudinal study analyzed spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients between 1 January 2007 and 31 July 2015. Voxel-based morphometry was used to examine brain volume changes during and after the resolution of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Brain structure volume was analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping version 12 and FMRIB Software Library v6.0. Post-treatment neuroimages were used as surrogate baseline measures. Results Forty-four patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension were analyzed (mean [standard deviation] age, 37.8 [8.5] years; 32 female and 12 male). The whole brain tissue volume was decreased during spontaneous intracranial hypotension compared to follow-up (1180.3 [103.5] mL vs. 1190.4 [93.1] mL, difference: −10.1 mL [95% confidence interval: −18.4 to −1.8 mL], p = 0.019). In addition, ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume was decreased during spontaneous intracranial hypotension compared to follow-up (15.8 [6.1] mL vs. 18.9 [6.9] mL, difference: −3.2 mL [95% confidence interval: −4.5 to −1.8 mL], p < 0.001). Longer anterior epidural cerebrospinal fluid collections, as measured by number of vertebral segments, were associated with greater reduction of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume (Pearson’s r = −0.32, p = 0.036). Conclusion The current study found the brain tissue volume and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid are decreased in spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients. The change in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume, but not brain tissue volume change, was associated with the severity of spinal cerebrospinal fluid leakage. These results challenge the assumption that brain tissue volume is a fixed constant.

scholarly journals A case of complicated cerebral toxocariasis in a 4-year old child

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kinčeková ◽  
P. Bánovčin ◽  
M. Fedor ◽  
P. Dubinský ◽  
H. Poláček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Brain

AbstractWe report the case of a 4-year-old boy suffering from a cerebral form of toxocariasis. High serum titres of anti-Toxocara antibodies indicated that the primary infection was induced by a high number of Toxocara eggs and that the larvae did not penetrate to cerebrospinal fluid due to the hematoencephalic barrier. MRI of the patient’s brain showed multiple focal lesions spread diffusely in almost all parts of the brain, predominantly paraventricularly. These might be eosinophil-rich granulomatous infiltrates enclosing larvae. Extensive morphological changes were the cause of serious neurological symptoms, most of them being reversible after follow-up therapy. Radiology proved to be useful diagnostic method, but the specific serological assessment had a key role for the final diagnosis. In conclusion, diagnosis of this patient was intracranial primary Toxocara infection with central quadruparesis and parainfective myocarditis.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase Levels After Febrile Seizures

Epilepsia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Tanabe ◽  
Shuhei Suzuki ◽  
Keita Hara ◽  
Shuiti Shimakawa ◽  
Eiji Wakamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Serum Neuron Specific Enolase

Balloon-assisted Onyx embolization of cerebral single-channel pial arteriovenous fistulas

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Benjamin Newman ◽  
Yin C. Hu ◽  
Cameron G. McDougall ◽  
Felipe C. Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Brain

Object Pial arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) of the brain are rare vascular malformations associated with significant risks of hemorrhage and neurological deficit. Depending on their location and high-flow dynamics, these lesions can present treatment challenges for both endovascular and open cerebrovascular surgeons. The authors describe a novel endovascular treatment strategy that was used successfully to treat 2 pediatric patients with a pial AVF, and they discuss the technical nuances specific to their treatment strategy. Methods A single-channel high-flow pial AVF was diagnosed in 2 male patients (6 and 17 years of age). Both patients were treated with endovascular flow arrest using a highly conformable balloon followed by Onyx infusion for definitive closure of the fistula. Results Neither patient suffered a complication as a result of the procedure. At the 6-month follow-up in both cases, the simple discontinuation of blood flow had resulted in durable obliteration of the fistula and stable or improved neurological function. Conclusions Onyx can be delivered successfully into high-flow lesions after flow arrest to allow a minimally invasive and durable treatment for pial AVFs.

scholarly journals Neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with acute ischemic brain disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Selakovic
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Infarction ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Brain Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Diagnostics ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Ischemic Disease ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
The Brain

The objective of this research was to determine the dynamics of change of neuron-specific enolase concentration in patients with acute ischemic brain disease in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. The study included 103 patients, their mean age 58-66 years. The control group consisted of 16 patients, of matching age and sex, with radicular lesions of discal origin, subjected to diagnostic radiculography. Concentration of neuron-specific enolase was measured by a flouroimmunometric method. The results showed that the concentration of neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with brain ischemic disease within first seven days significantly increased compared to the control. The highest increase of concentration was established in brain infarction, somewhat lower in reversible ischemic attack, and the lowest in transient ischemic attack. Maximal concentration was established on the 3rd-4th day upon the brain infarction. Neuron-specific enolase concentration in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma may be an indicator of pathophysiological processes in the acute phase of brain ischemia and is significant in early diagnostics and therapy of the disease.

scholarly journals Longitudinal morphological changes during recovery from brain deformation due to idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeki Yamada ◽  
Masatsune Ishikawa ◽  
Makoto Yamaguchi ◽  
Kazuo Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Shunt Surgery ◽  
Evans Index ◽  
Subarachnoid Spaces ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine time-dependent change in cerebrospinal fluid distribution and various radiological indices for evaluating shunt effectiveness in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). This study included 54 patients with iNPH who underwent MRI before and after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery. The volume of the total ventricles and subarachnoid spaces decreased within 1 month after shunting. However, more than 1 year after shunting, the volume of the total ventricles decreased, whereas that of the total subarachnoid spaces increased. Although cerebrospinal fluid distribution changed considerably throughout the follow-up period, the brain parenchyma expanded only 2% from the baseline brain volume within 1 month after shunting and remained unchanged thereafter. The volume of the convexity subarachnoid space markedly increased. The changing rate of convexity subarachnoid space per ventricle ratio (CVR) was greater than that of any two-dimensional index. The brain per ventricle ratio (BVR), callosal angle and z-Evans index continued gradually changing, whereas Evans index did not change throughout the follow-up period. Both decreased ventricular volume and increased convexity subarachnoid space volume were important for evaluating shunt effectiveness. Therefore, we recommend CVR and BVR as useful indices for the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment response in patients with iNPH.

Cerebrospinal fluid purine metabolite and neuron-specific enolase concentrations after febrile seizures

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Rodrı́guez-Núñez ◽  
Elena Cid ◽  
Javier Rodrı́guez-Garcı́a ◽  
Félix Camiña ◽  
Santiago Rodrı́guez-Segade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Purine Metabolite

scholarly journals Acute Cerebellar Ataxia Associated with COVID-19 Infection in a 5-Year-Old Boy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2329048X2110667
Author(s):  
Kimberly A O’Neill ◽  
Aparna Polavarapu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Double Vision ◽  
Neurologic Manifestations ◽  
Acute Cerebellar Ataxia

Background:Neurologic manifestations can occur in many adult patients with COVID-19 but are less frequently described in the literature than the respiratory or inflammatory effects of the disease. There are even fewer reports of the neurologic manifestations of the disease in children. Case Report: A 5-year-old boy with type 1 diabetes mellitus had minimal symptoms from COVID-19 infection. Eight days later, he developed acute ataxia, double vision, tremor, and dysmetria. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and imaging were unremarkable. He was treated with supportive care and discharged home after 4 days. Neurologic symptoms gradually improved and resolved at 2 month follow up. Conclusion: Providers should be aware of acute cerebellar ataxia as a possible complication in pediatric patients recovering from COVID-19.

Longitudinal Changes in Individual BrainAGE in Healthy Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease

GeroPsych ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Franke ◽  
Christian Gaser
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Brain

We recently proposed a novel method that aggregates the multidimensional aging pattern across the brain to a single value. This method proved to provide stable and reliable estimates of brain aging – even across different scanners. While investigating longitudinal changes in BrainAGE in about 400 elderly subjects, we discovered that patients with Alzheimer’s disease and subjects who had converted to AD within 3 years showed accelerated brain atrophy by +6 years at baseline. An additional increase in BrainAGE accumulated to a score of about +9 years during follow-up. Accelerated brain aging was related to prospective cognitive decline and disease severity. In conclusion, the BrainAGE framework indicates discrepancies in brain aging and could thus serve as an indicator for cognitive functioning in the future.

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