scholarly journals sICAM-1 in meningoencephalitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (3a) ◽  
pp. 589-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Juan Dorta-Contreras ◽  
Piotr Lewczuc ◽  
Elena Noris-García ◽  
María Teresa Interián-Morales ◽  
María Esther Magraner Tarrau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Serum Analysis ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Diagnostic Puncture ◽  
Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis

INTRODUCTION: Angiostrongylus cantonensis meningoencephalitis is an emergent disease in the Americas. METHOD: Twelve children suffering from eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to this parasite aged between 6-10 years were studied. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were taken simultaneously in the first diagnostic puncture at admission. RESULTS: All cases showed typical findings on the routine CSF and serum analysis: increased CSF total protein, increased Q (CSF/serum) albumin accompanied by eosinophilia in CSF. No intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins was found. Mean serum and CSF sICAM-1 values were 337.4 and 3.97 ng/mL. Qalbumin and QsICAM-1 mean values were 4.1 and 6.2 respectively. In 50% of the patients an increased brain-derived fraction of sICAM-1 was found. CONCLUSION: It may be suggested that a dynamic of the sICAM-1 brain derived fraction is perhaps associated to the immune response in the evolution of the disease.sICAM-1 may be an agent in negative feedback for eosinophils passage through the blood-CSF barrier into the inflammatory brain response.

scholarly journals Intrathecal Synthesis of Immunoglobulins in Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis Due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Juan Dorta-Contreras ◽  
Hansotto Reiber
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Total Cell Count ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Diagnostic Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis

ABSTRACT Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to the nematodeAngiostrongylus cantonensis, which is endemic to Cuba, occurs in children and is due to accidental contact with soil snails. The course is less often fatal than in adult patients in southeastern Asia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 24 pediatric patients were analyzed and evaluated in CSF/serum quotient diagrams (Reiber graphs) to characterize the neuroimmunological response and the blood-CSF barrier dysfunction that occur in the course of the disease. At the time of the first diagnostic lumbar puncture, together with eosinophilic pleocytosis (1,920 ± 400 cells/μl), intermediate blood-CSF barrier dysfunction (i.e., an increased CSF/serum albumin quotient) with no intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM class response was observed in all cases. Seven days later, at the time of early clinical recovery, the blood-CSF barrier dysfunction was normalized in 75% of the patients, but meanwhile, intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis emerged in all cases, as either a two-class response (IgG and IgA in 85% of the patients) or a three-class response (IgG, IgA, and IgM; 30%). The fraction of eosinophilic cells (40%) remained large despite a decreasing total cell count. The neuroimmunological pattern of this inflammatory response to the parasite and its toxins is discussed with regard to the CSF patterns of other infectious diseases caused by bacteria or viruses.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins: Concentration by Membrane Ultrafiltration and Fractionation by Electrophoresis on Cellulose Acetate

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita M Windisch ◽  
Mark M Bracken
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins ◽  
Ultra Filtration

Abstract A membrane ultrafiltration system is described and evaluated for rapidly concentrating cerebrospinal fluid before cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Results with this system were compared with those obtained by use of vacuum ultrafiltration through a collodion sac. Mean values for the various protein fractions were determined for normal cerebrospinal fluid. The results, in percentage of total protein, after membrane and vacuum ultra-filtration concentration were, respectively: 3.8 and 5.2% prealbumin, 65.5 and 63.9% albumin, 3.6 and 3.6% ∝1-globulin, 6.8 and 6.1% arglobulin, 12.4 and 12.9% a-globulin, and 7.6 and 8.2% γ-globulin.

Upper reference limits for cerebrospinal fluid total protein and albumin quotient based on a large cohort of control patients: implications for increased clinical specificity

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Hegen ◽  
Michael Auer ◽  
Achim Zeileis ◽  
Florian Deisenhammer
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Reference Limits ◽  
Future Revision ◽  
Work Up

AbstractDetermination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total protein (TP) as well as of CSF/serum albumin quotient (Qalb) is part of the routine CSF work-up. However, currently used upper reference limits (URL) are not well validated leading to over-reporting of blood-CSF barrier dysfunction in approximately 15% of patients without neurological disease. The objective of this study was to determine age-related URL for CSF TP and Qalb in a cohort of control patients.A total of 332 paired CSF and serum samples of patients without objective clinical and paraclinical findings of a neurological disease were analyzed for CSF TP and Qalb. CSF TP was measured by spectrophotometry and albumin in CSF and serum by nephelometry.CSF TP concentration and Qalb significantly correlated with age. In subjects at the age of 18–70 years, median CSF TP ranged from 320 to 460 mg/L and URL defined as the 95th percentile were 530–690 mg/L. Median Qalb ranged from 4.1 to 6.1 and URL from 8.7 up to 11.0. For URL of Qalb we calculated the following formula: age/25+8.Age-dependent URL for CSF TP and Qalb are presented here in a large cohort of control patients. They are higher than those currently recommended and this probably explains why isolated blood-CSF barrier dysfunction has been apparently over-reported. These new URL might be considered in a future revision of CSF guidelines.

scholarly journals Immuno-PCR for Detection of Antigen to Angiostrongylus cantonensis Circulating Fifth-Stage Worms

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soi-Moi Chye ◽  
Shiu-Ru Lin ◽  
Ya-Lei Chen ◽  
Lee-Yi Chung ◽  
Chuan-Min Yen
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
Circulating Antigens

Abstract Background: Definitive diagnosis of infestation with Angiostrongylus cantonensis is difficult because the parasitic nematode is undetectable in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of one-half of afflicted patients and the diagnostic sensitivity of ELISA for circulating worm antigens in patient sera is low. We studied immuno-PCR as a diagnostic tool. Methods: We studied 30 controls and 60 afflicted patients (30 confirmed by parasitologic analysis of CSF). We used a monoclonal antibody to capture circulating A. cantonensis antigens in serum samples. A DNA label generated by PCR amplification with biotinylated primer was bound by use of streptavidin to a biotinylated third antibody. Circulating antigens sandwiched by monoclonal antibody were detected by PCR amplification of the DNA label. Results: The detection limit of the ELISA was 100–1000 times higher than that of the immuno-PCR. The concentrations of circulating antigens in patients were markedly higher than those in controls (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P <0.001). At a cutoff of 0.1 ng/L, sensitivity and specificity for immunodiagnosis of patients with angiostrongyliasis by immuno-PCR were 98% (95% confidence interval, 91–99%) and 100% (93–100%), respectively. The test was positive in all parasitologically confirmed cases. Conclusions: Immuno-PCR is a promising technique for diagnosis of A. cantonensis infestation.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid glucose and protein values in normal rabbits

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney K. Kusumi ◽  
Joseph F. Plouffe
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Human Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Human Situation ◽  
The Mean

In 35 normal rabbits the cerebrospinal fluid glucose values ranged between 56 and 135 mg/dl, mean and standard deviation 78 ± 13 mg/dl. Cerebrospinal total protein values ranged from 16 to 66 mg/dl, mean and standard deviation 33 ± 10 mg/dl. The mean values were similar to those reported for human cerebrospinal fluid. Depression of the cerebrospinal glucose level in the rabbit may parallel the human situation and prove to be a useful marker of purulent inflammation.

scholarly journals Comparative investigations of immune response of calves at different intervals between primary and secondary immunization using inactivated bovine herpes virus 1 vaccine

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Dejan Bugarski ◽  
T. Petrovic ◽  
S. Bobos ◽  
Dubravka Milanov ◽  
D. Orlic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Virus Neutralization ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nasal Mucus ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is one of the most siginificant causes of infections of the respiratory tract of cattle and immunoprophylaxis has a key role in curbing this infection. The intensity of the immune response against BHV-1 following immunization using inactivated commercial vaccines varies depending on the type of vaccine, but it is generally believed that they provide good protection from the development of the clinical form of the infection, and that they are safe. The paper present the development of the humoral immune response in fattening calves that were immunized against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) at different time intervals between the primary and the secondary immunization. Calves were administered a commercial vaccine, and then they were divided into two groups which were revaccinated on days 14 or 21. Over a course of the 120 days of the duration of the experiment, blood and nasal mucus were sampled 11 times. The blood serum samples were examined for antibodies to BHV-1 using the virus neutralization (VN) test, and the nasal mucus samples were analyzed using the VN test and the ELISA method. Following revaccination, it was established that there was an increase in the antibody titer in blood of all experimental animals, and it was maintained at a high level up until the very end of the experiment (day 120). In the blood serums, maximum mean values for the antibody titer were determined on day 30 in the group that was revaccinated on day 14, and on day 45 in the group of calves revaccinated on day 21. In nasal mucus, antibodies were established at the earliest, using the virus neutralization test, on day 14 following vaccination, and using the ELISA method only after revaccination. The highest antibody titer in nasal mucus was established on day 45 in the group revaccinated on day 21, and on day 120 in the group revaccinated on day 14. Based on the established antibody titer values, calves can be revaccinated using the inactivated BHV-1 vaccine already on day 14.

scholarly journals Vaccination strategy and anti - SARS-CoV-2 S titers in healthcare workers of the INT – IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale” Cancer Center (Naples, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesta Cavalcanti ◽  
Maria Antonietta Isgrò ◽  
Domenica Rea ◽  
Lucia Di Capua ◽  
Giusy Trillò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have spread to millions of people globally, requiring the development of billions of different vaccine doses. The SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccine (named BNT162b2/Pfizer), authorized by the FDA, has shown high efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection after administration of two doses in individuals 16 years of age and older. In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the differences in the SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response after vaccine administration in the two different cohorts of workers at the INT - IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale” Cancer Center (Naples, Italy): previously infected to SARS-CoV-2 subjects and not infected to SARS-CoV-2 subjects. Methods We determined specific anti-RBD (receptor-binding domain) titers against trimeric spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 by Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay in serum samples of 35 healthcare workers with a previous documented history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 158 healthcare workers without, after 1 and 2 doses of vaccine, respectively. Moreover, geometric mean titers and relative fold changes (FC) were calculated. Results Both previously infected and not infected to SARS-CoV-2 subjects developed significant immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 after the administration of 1 and 2 doses of vaccine, respectively. Anti-S antibody responses to the first dose of vaccine were significantly higher in previously SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects in comparison to titers of not infected subjects after the first as well as the second dose of vaccine. Fold changes for subjects previously infected to SARS-CoV-2 was very modest, given the high basal antibody titer, as well as the upper limit of 2500.0 BAU/mL imposed by the Roche methods. Conversely, for naïve subjects, mean fold change following the first dose was low ($$ \overline{x} $$ x ¯ =1.6), reaching 3.8 FC in 72 subjects (45.6%) following the second dose. Conclusions The results showed that, as early as the first dose, SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals developed a remarkable and statistically significant immune response in comparison to those who did not contract the virus previously, suggesting the possibility of administering only one dose in previously SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. FC for previously infected subjects should not be taken into account for the generally high pre-vaccination values. Conversely, FC for not infected subjects, after the second dose, were = 3.8 in > 45.0% of vaccinees, and ≤ 3.1 in 19.0%, the latter showing a potential susceptibility to further SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Parameters in Antisense Oligonucleotide-Treated Adult 5q-Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Lars Hendrik Müschen ◽  
Alma Osmanovic ◽  
Camilla Binz ◽  
Konstantin F. Jendretzky ◽  
Gresa Ranxha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotide ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
System Disease

Approval of nusinersen, an intrathecally administered antisense oligonucleotide, for the treatment of 5q-spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) marked the beginning of a new therapeutic era in neurological diseases. Changes in routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters under nusinersen have only recently been described in adult SMA patients. We aimed to explore these findings in a real-world setting and to identify clinical and procedure-associated features that might impact CSF parameters. Routinely collected CSF parameters (leukocyte count, lactate, total protein, CSF/serum albumin quotient (QAlbumin), oligoclonal bands) of 28 adult SMA patients were examined for up to 22 months of nusinersen treatment. Total protein and QAlbumin values significantly increased in the first 10 months, independent of the administration procedure. By month 14, no further increases were detected. Two patients developed transient pleocytosis. In two cases, positive oligoclonal bands were found in the beginning and in four patients throughout the whole observation period. No clinical signs of inflammatory central nervous system disease were apparent. Our data confirm elevated CSF total protein and QAlbumin during nusinersen treatment. These alterations may be caused by both repeated lumbar punctures and the interval between procedures rather than by the medication itself. Generally, there were no severe alterations of CSF routine parameters. These results further underline the safety of nusinersen therapy.

scholarly journals Profiling of Cerebrospinal Fluid Lipids and Their Relationship with Plasma Lipids in Healthy Humans

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Kosuke Saito ◽  
Kotaro Hattori ◽  
Shinsuke Hidese ◽  
Daimei Sasayama ◽  
Tomoko Miyakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Lipid Profiling ◽  
Healthy Humans

Lipidomics provides an overview of lipid profiles in biological systems. Although blood is commonly used for lipid profiling, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is more suitable for exploring lipid homeostasis in brain diseases. However, whether an individual’s background affects the CSF lipid profile remains unclear, and the association between CSF and plasma lipid profiles in heathy individuals has not yet been defined. Herein, lipidomics approaches were employed to analyze CSF and plasma samples obtained from 114 healthy Japanese subjects. Results showed that the global lipid profiles differed significantly between CSF and plasma, with only 13 of 114 lipids found to be significantly correlated between the two matrices. Additionally, the CSF total protein content was the primary factor associated with CSF lipids. In the CSF, the levels of major lipids, namely, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, and cholesterolesters, correlated with CSF total protein levels. These findings indicate that CSF lipidomics can be applied to explore changes in lipid homeostasis in patients with brain diseases.

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