scholarly journals Central nervous system hemorrhage in thrombocytopenic patients: computed tomographic findings in 21 cases

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (2A) ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson L. Gasparetto ◽  
Paulo R. Benites Filho ◽  
Taísa Davaus ◽  
Arnolfo de Carvalho Neto
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Midline Shift ◽  
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Parietal Lobes

OBJETIVE: To describe the CT scan findings of 21 thrombocytopenic patients with central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage. METHOD: Retrospective study of the computed tomography (CT) of 21 platelet-depleted patients with CNS hemorrhage. One patient presented two episodes of hemorrhagic episode with different intervals. The clinical data were obtained by the review of the medical records. Two radiologists analyzed the films and reached the decisions by consensus. The following findings were studied: type of bleeding, number of lesions, topography, laterality, size and associated findings. RESULTS: Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) was the most common findings, found in 20 cases, being six of them associated with subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhages. The size of the lesions varied between 1.8 and 10.5 cm. The parietal lobes were more commonly affected (n=11, 50%), followed by the temporal (n=7, 31.8%), frontal (n=7, 31.8%) and occipital (n=2, 9.09%) lobes. In 15 cases (68.2%) there was a single area of hemorrhage and in the remaining cases there were multiple hemorrhages. Associated findings were found in 20 cases. The most prevalent were edema (n=17, 77.3%), hydrocephalus (10, 45.4%) and midline shift (n=9, 41%). CONCLUSION: The most frequent CT scan findings in thrombocytopenic patients with CNS hemorrhage are single IPH, located mostly in the parietal, temporal and frontal lobes, with varied sizes and associated with edema, hydrocephalus and midline shift.

Serial cranial computed-tomography scans in children with leukemia given two different forms of central nervous system therapy.

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 793-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Ochs ◽  
L S Parvey ◽  
J N Whitaker ◽  
W P Bowman ◽  
L Ch'ien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Cranial Computed Tomography ◽  
Intrathecal Methotrexate ◽  
Central Nervous System Toxicity

Cranial computed tomography (CT) was used to estimate the frequency and permanence of brain abnormalities in 108 consecutive children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Fifty-five patients received cranial irradiation (1,800 rad) with intrathecal methotrexate (RT group) and 53 patients received intravenous and intrathecal methotrexate without irradiation (IVIT group). Continuation treatment included sequential drug pairs for the RT group and periodic IVIT methotrexate for the other group. After 12 to 24 months of serial evaluation, five (9%) of the 55 patients in the RT group have had CT scan abnormalities, compared to 10 (19%) of 52 in the IVIT group (p = 0.171). Fourteen of the 15 patients with CT scan abnormalities had focal or diffuse white-matter hypodensity; these have reverted to normal in most cases, reflecting a dynamic process. While such CT findings are of concern and may be an early indicator of central nervous system toxicity, this remains to be proven. Therapy should not be altered on the basis of abnormal CT scans alone but in the context of the entire clinical situation.

scholarly journals Causes of Microcephaly in the Zika Era in Argentina: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110409
Author(s):  
Griselda Berberian ◽  
Rosa Bologna ◽  
María Guadalupe Pérez ◽  
Andrea Mangano ◽  
Marina Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

There are gaps in understanding the causes and consequences of microcephaly. This paper describes the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, and etiologies of children presenting microcephaly during the Zika outbreak in Argentina. This observational retrospective study conducted in the pediatric hospital of Juan P. Garrahan reviewed the medical records of 40 children presenting microcephaly between March 2017 and November 2019. The majority (60%) were males and born full-term. At first evaluation, microcephaly was defined as congenital (31/40, 77%) and associated with other features (68%) such as seizures, developmental delay, non-progressive chronic encephalopathy, and West Syndrome. It was found manifestations restricted to central nervous system (55%), ocular (8/40, 20%), and acoustic (9/40, 23%) defects, and abnormal neuroimaging findings (31/39, 79%). Non-infectious diseases were the primary cause of isolated microcephaly (21/37, 57%), largely related to genetic diseases (13/21, 62%). Only 3 were children were diagnosed with Congenital Zika infection (3/16, 7.5%).

scholarly journals Influence of preoperative corticosteroid treatment on rate of diagnostic surgeries in primary central nervous system lymphoma: a multicenter retrospective study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Scheichel ◽  
Franz Marhold ◽  
Daniel Pinggera ◽  
Barbara Kiesel ◽  
Tobias Rossmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

Abstract Background Corticosteroid therapy (CST) prior to biopsy may hinder histopathological diagnosis in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Therefore, preoperative CST in patients with suspected PCNSL should be avoided if clinically possible. The aim of this study was thus to analyze the difference in the rate of diagnostic surgeries in PCNSL patients with and without preoperative CST. Methods A multicenter retrospective study including all immunocompetent patients diagnosed with PCNSL between 1/2004 and 9/2018 at four neurosurgical centers in Austria was conducted and the results were compared to literature. Results A total of 143 patients were included in this study. All patients showed visible contrast enhancement on preoperative MRI. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of diagnostic surgeries with and without preoperative CST with 97.1% (68/70) and 97.3% (71/73), respectively (p = 1.0). Tapering and pause of CST did not influence the diagnostic rate. Including our study, there are 788 PCNSL patients described in literature with an odds ratio for inconclusive surgeries after CST of 3.3 (CI 1.7–6.4). Conclusions Preoperative CST should be avoided as it seems to diminish the diagnostic rate of biopsy in PCNSL patients. Yet, if CST has been administered preoperatively and there is still a contrast enhancing lesion to target for biopsy, surgeons should try to keep the diagnostic delay to a minimum as the likelihood for acquiring diagnostic tissue seems sufficiently high.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography and Bronchoscopy in Endobronchial Tuberculosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Yanardag ◽  
Cüneyt Tetikkurt ◽  
Seza Tetikkurt ◽  
Sabriye Demirci ◽  
Tuncer Karayel
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Endobronchial Tuberculosis ◽  
Age Range

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic response to endobronchial tuberculosis is usually evaluated by bronchoscopy. Currently, there are no published studies investigating the use of computed tomography for the evaluation of therapeutic response in endobronchial tuberculosis.OBJECTIVE: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the bronchoscopic and computed tomographic features of endobronchial tuberculosis before and after treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of computed tomography for the assessment of treatment.METHODS: The clinical, pathological and bronchoscopic features of endobronchial tuberculosis were evaluated in 55 patients. The age range of the patients was 21 to 52 years. Computed tomography and bronchoscopy were performed before and after treatment.RESULTS: Diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by culture and histopathological examination. Bronchoscopic examination revealed 89 endobronchial lesions of various types in 55 patients. The exudative type was the most common. Follow-up bronchoscopy revealed that exudative-, ulcerative- and granular-type lesions healed completely. Computed tomography performed after treatment correlated well with the follow-up bronchoscopic findings.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that follow-up computed tomography is useful for the evaluation of therapeutic response and complications associated with endobronchial tuberculosis, and may replace bronchoscopy.

Tumors of the central nervous system studied by computed tomography and ultrasound.

Radiology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Enzmann ◽  
R Wheat ◽  
W H Marshall ◽  
R Bird ◽  
K Murphy-Irwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals INNV-21. EFFECTIVE REGIMEN OF HIGH-DOSE METHOTREXATE PLUS TEMOZOLOMIDE FOR PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA: A SINGLE-CENTER RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii120-ii121
Author(s):  
Jun-ping Zhang ◽  
Jing-jing Ge ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Shao-pei Qi ◽  
Feng-jun Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Dose Methotrexate ◽  
Dose Methotrexate ◽  
Better Than

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose methotrexate combined with temozolomide in the treatment of newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma. METHODS A retrospective study was performed to analyze the clinical data of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma treated with high-dose methotrexate plus temozolomide in the Department of Neuro-oncology, Capital Medical University, Sanbo Brain Hospital from May 2010 to December 2018. RESULTS A total of 41 patients were identified. Median age was 57 years (range, 27–76 years). The maximal extent of surgery was total resection in 6, partial resection in 8, and biopsy in 27 patients. Of the 35 patients with evaluable lesions, 32 achieved complete response (CR) and 3 achieved partial response. CR rate was 91.4%. The median follow-up time was 36.5 months (range, 4.9–115.4 months). After treatment, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 45.1 months. PFS rate at 1, 2, 5 years were 85.4%, 70.1% and 43.8%, respectively. The OS rate at 1, 2, 5 years were 92.7%, 82.4% and 66.5%, respectively. The median PFS of patients younger than 65 years was better than that of patients ≥65 years (98.8 months vs 27.9 months, p=0.039). There was no association between efficacy and extent of resection (p=0.836). After disease progression, 6 of the 21 patients received radiotherapy. There was no statistical difference in OS between the patients with or without radiotherapy (36.9 months vs 28.4 months). The main severe adverse events were myelosuppression (36.6%) and elevated transaminase (34.1%). Three patients were discontinued due to drug-related toxicities. CONCLUSIONS High-dose methotrexate combined with temozolomide is effective in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma, with a low incidence of severe adverse reactions. This efficacy may be better than the historical control of methotrexate alone or methotrexate plus rituximab.

Risk Factors for Early Mortality in Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Large-Cohort Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. e905-e912
Author(s):  
Xingwang Zhou ◽  
Xiaodong Niu ◽  
Junhong Li ◽  
Shuxin Zhang ◽  
Wanchun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Large Cohort

scholarly journals Imaging of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Anggraini Dwi Sensusiati
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Spinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Intracranial Tuberculoma ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Tuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB can occur in pulmonary or extra pulmonary. Extra pulmonary TB occurs in locations other than the lung, such as larynx, lymph node, pleura, brain, kidneys and bones. CT Scan can detect intracranial tuberculoma, and MRI is the best method to detect the abnormality in spinal tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Establishment of an Olfactory Region-specific Intranasal Delivery Technique in Mice to Target the Central Nervous System

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Flamm ◽  
Sunniva Hartung ◽  
Stella Gänger ◽  
Frank Maigler ◽  
Claudia Pitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Intranasal Delivery ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Delivery Technique ◽  
Neuronal Connections ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Delivery

We have recently developed a region-specific catheter-based intranasal application method in mice by using CT scan-based 3D cast models of the murine nose (DOI: 10.2376/0005-9366-17,102). This technique is able to specifically deliver drugs to the olfactory region or to the respiratory region only. Thereby, intranasally administered drugs could be delivered either via neuronal connections to the central nervous system or via the well-perfused rostral parts of the nasal mucosa to the systemic circulation. In the present study, we transferred successfully this novel delivery technique to C57Bl/6 mice and determined parameters such as insertions depth of the catheter and maximum delivery volume in dependence to the weight of the mouse. Breathing was simulated to verify that the volume remains at the targeted area. A step-by-step procedure including a video is presented to adopt this technique for standardized and reproducible intranasal central nervous system (CNS) delivery studies (DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111904).

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