The effect of leaf area reduction on corn plants during the reproduction phase

Reduction in leaf area in corn plants during reproduction changes physiological metabolism and consequently the accumulation of dry matter in grains. The aim of this work was to study changes in agronomic characteristics caused by defoliation in corn during the reproduction phase. The experiment was carried out in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais state, in the agricultural year 2007/2008. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, consisting of seven treatments: control without defoliation, removal of two apical leaves, removal of four apical leaves, removal of all leaves above spike, removal of four intermediate leaves, removal of all leaves below spike, and removal of all plant leaves, with five repetitions. The genotype used for the evaluations was hybrid NB 7376. Defoliation was carried out when plants were at the growth stage R2. The variables assessed were: yield, density of spikes and corncobs, root resistance and stem integrity. When all leaves above the spike were removed, grain yield was reduced by 20%. Corncob density, stem integrity and root resistance to uprooting were also affected. Spike density was only affected when all plant leaves were removed. The leaf area remaining physiologically active above the spike was found to be most efficient in terms of grain yield.

Download Full-text

Performance of soy cultivars in the south of Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Revista Agrogeoambiental ◽

10.18406/2316-1817v9n32017976 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Elaine Cristina Batista ◽

José Luiz De Andrade Rezende Pereira ◽

Adriano Teodoro Bruzi ◽

Everton Vinucius Zambiazzi ◽

Karina Barroso Silva

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Block Design ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The South ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Minas Gerais State

Cultivar evaluation is one of the basic steps recommended for a given region, since the best adapted cultivars have higher yields, and success in this parameter is based on the genotype of the material and its interaction with the environmental variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate thebehavior of 23 soy cultivars in the soil-climatic conditions of the south region of Minas Gerais State (MG), Brazil, in the municipality of Inconfidentes. The evaluated traits were grain yield, plant height, height of insertion of the first legume and lodging. The experiments were conducted on the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 harvests, adopting a randomized block design with three replicates and 23 treatments, which were constituted by the following cultivars: FAVORITA RR, BRS MG 760SRR, NA 5909 RG, NA 7200 RR, CD 2630, CD 250, NA 7620 RR, CD 2737, TMG 123, V-MAX RR, P 98Y11 RR, NS 7100 RR, BMX Potencia, Anta 82 RR, CD 237, V-TOP, TMG 1176 RR, TMG 1174 RR, TMG 1179 RR, TMG 1181 RR, BMX Força, Monsoy 7211 RR and BRS MG 780 RR. Of the studied cultivars, those that most stood out for the traits evaluated in the conditions of Inconfidentes (MG) were TMG 1179 RR (48.6 bags of 60 kg ha-1), NA 7200 RR (45.6 bags), CD 2737 (41.1 bags), CD 237 (41 bags) and BRS MG 760 SRR (40.6 bags), all of which displayed satisfactory conditions for mechanical harvesting, demonstrating the good performance of the crop in the south region of Minas Gerais State.

Download Full-text

Effect of Minicutting Length and Leaf Area Reduction on Growth and Nutritional Status of Eucalypt Propagules

ISRN Forestry ◽

10.1155/2013/905730 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Reynaldo Campos Santana ◽

Sula Janaina Oliveira Fernandes ◽

Miranda Titon ◽

Aloisio Xavier ◽

Priscila Fernandes de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutritional Condition ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Area Reduction ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Proper Size ◽

Leaf Area Reduction

Significant improvements to the technique of minicutting Eucalyptus clones have been reported in the literature. However, despite these recent efforts, studies addressing the proper size of minicuttings and the reduction of leaf area have not been well explored. Thus, the present study had the objective of evaluating the effects of the length of the minicuttings and the leaf area reduction on the growth and nutritional condition of Eucalyptus urophylla during propagation. The experiment was conducted for 90 days in the Plantar Reforestation Co. Nursery in the municipality of Curvelo, MG, using a randomized block design with 4 replicates in a 4×2×2 factorial arrangement. The effects of 4 lengths of minicuttings (4, 6, 8, and 10 cm), 2 levels of leaf area reductions (0 and 50%), and 2 commercial clones were studied. The length of the minicuttings and the reduction of leaf area did not affect the nutritional status of the leaves, nor did the length affect the quality of the plants at the age of 90 days. The results indicate that it is unnecessary to reduce the leaf area for Eucalyptus propagation.

Download Full-text

Identifikasi Pengaruh Dosis Pemupukan Trichokompos terhadap Fase Awal Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung Ungu Antioksidan (Identification of the Trichocompost Fertilizer Dose Effect on the Early Growth of Purple Corn Anthocyanins)

JURNAL PANGAN ◽

10.33964/jp.v29i3.524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 191-196

Author(s):

Andi Ayu Nurnawati

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Early Growth ◽

Dose Effect ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Purple Corn ◽

Corn Plants

ABSTRAK Jagung ungu merupakan salah satu dari beberapa varian warna jagung pulut yang belum begitu dikenal oleh masyarakat namun kaya akan manfaat. Penilitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis pupuk trichokompos terhadap variabel pengamatan diantaranya persentase tumbuh tanaman, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan luas daun pada fase awal pertumbuhan tanaman jagung ungu. Persentase tumbuh tanaman diamati pada 7 hari setelah tanam kemudian tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan luas daun diamati pada 14 hari setelah tanam. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 5 perlakuan dosis pupuk trichokompos (0 ton/ha, 20 ton/ha, 25 ton/ha, 30 ton/ha dan 35 ton/ha) yang diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Analisis data menggunakan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ (Uji Lanjut Tukey), apabila diperoleh hasil yang berpengaruh beda nyata pada perlakuan yang diujikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dosis pupuk trichokompos berpengaruh nyata pada variabel pengamatan jumlah daun di mana dosis pupuk trichokompos 25 ton/ha menunjukkan nilai tertinggi. kata kunci: jagung ungu, trichokompos, pertumbuhan awal ABSTRACT Purple corn is one of several colour variants of pulut corn that is not well known by the public but it has many benefits. This study was aimed to determine the effect of trichocompost fertilizer dosage on the observed variables, that were the percentage of plant growth, plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area in the early stages of purple corn plants' growth. Percentage of plant growth at 7 days after planting then plant height, number of leaves and leaf area were observed at 14 days after planting. The research method used a randomized block design with 5 doses of trichocompost fertilizer (0 tons/ha, 20 tons/ha, 25 tons/ha, 30 tons/ha, and 35 tons/ha) with five replications. The results showed that the dosage treatment of trichocompost had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the number of leaves where the trichocompost fertilizer dose of 25 tons/ha showed the highest one. keywords: purple corn, trichocompost, early growth.

Download Full-text

Effect of cowpea intercropping on weed control and corn yieid

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582009000300009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 491-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P.S.L. Silva ◽

O.F. Oliveira ◽

P.I.B. Silva ◽

K.M.B. Silva ◽

J.D. Braga

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Block Design ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Mean Values ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Cowpea Cultivars ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Corn Plants

Herbicides have simplified weed control, but the use of herbicides, besides being costly, resulted in the selection of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes and has become an environmental contamination factor. Herbicide use reduction is one of the goals of modern agriculture, with several alternatives being investigated, including intercropping. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cowpea and corn cultivar intercropping on weed control and corn green-ear (immature ears with 80% humidity grains) and grain yield. A completely randomized block design with split-plots and four replications was used. AG 1051, AG 2060 and PL 6880 corn cultivars (assigned to plots) were submitted to the four treatments: no weeding, two hoe-weeding (22 and 41 days after planting), and intercropping with cowpea (BR 14 and IPA 206 cultivars, with indeterminate growth). The cowpea was planted (with corn planting) between the corn rows, in pits 1.0 m apart, with two plants per pit. The corn cultivars did not differ from each other as to weed density (WD), fresh above-ground weed biomass (WB), green-ear yield and grain yields. Higher WD and WB mean values were found in no weeding subplots; lower mean values in two hoe-weeding subplots; and intermediate mean values in intercropped subplots, indicating that cowpea plants had, to a certain extent, control over weeds. The no-weeded plots and the intercropped plots had lower green-ear and grain yields. Although the cowpea cultivars had a certain control over weeds (mean reductions of 22.5 and 18.3%, in terms of green matter density and weight of the above-ground part of weeds, respectively), they also competed against the corn plants, leading to yield reduction (mean reductions of 17.0 and 32% in green ear and grain yield, respectively). The cowpea cultivars did not produce grain, certainly due to the strong competition exerted by the corn and weeds on cowpea plants.

Download Full-text

Genetic variability studies in germplasm of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

ANNALS OF PLANT AND SOIL RESEARCH ◽

10.47815/apsr.2021.10075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 310-313

Author(s):

NISHANT PATIAL ◽

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Block Design ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Yield Test ◽

Breeding Programmes

In the present investigation, twenty genotypes of bread wheat (Triticuma estivum L.) were evaluated to examine the presence of genetic variability which may further be utilized in breeding programmes. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications at the experimental field of Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun during 2019 - 2020. Analysis of variance revealed that genotypes possessed significant genetic variability among all traits.It was observed that HUW-251 (recorded the highest value 67.33 g) where as HUW-213 exhibited the lowest value (48.00 g) for grain yield per plant.The highest estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were observed for spike weight(g) (19.97, 19.98) respectively, followed by flag leaf area (15.64) and spikelets per spike (14.49, 14.59).High heritability (h2) associated with high genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) were observed for grain yield, test weight, grains per spike, spikelets per spike, spike weight, spike length, peduncle length and flag leaf area.

Download Full-text

Influence of leaf area reduction on clonal production of eucalyptus seedlings

CERNE ◽

10.1590/s0104-77602010000300001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 251-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Reynaldo Campos Santana ◽

Tiago Reis Dutra ◽

José Pereira Carvalho Neto ◽

Gilciano Saraiva Nogueira ◽

Paulo Henrique Grazziotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Seedling Production ◽

Root Collar Diameter ◽

Area Reduction ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Leaf Area Reduction ◽

Root Collar

Clonal production of eucalyptus seedlings has made considerable progress in recent years. Significant developments have taken place in irrigation and fertilization systems as well as in management of clonal miniorchards. However, the proportion of leaf area in stem minicuttings remains almost the same as that used in macrocutting systems. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of leaf area reduction on seedling production of eight eucalyptus clones. The experiment was conducted over a period of 105 days using a randomized block design and three replicates in an 8 x 4 factorial arrangement, with eight clones and four leaf reduction levels (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%). Variables evaluated included height, root collar diameter, shoot and root dry matter and relationships between these variables. Experimental results demonstrated that clones behaved differently as to leaf reduction and that the 0% reduction level can be adopted in most clones being evaluated.

Download Full-text

Assessment of genetic variability for quantitative characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under post flood situation in sali

ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice ◽

10.35709/ory.2021.58.1.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

Dalibha Pathak ◽

Umesh Ch. Kalita

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Quantitative Traits ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Advance ◽

Spikelet Sterility ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Spikelets Per Panicle

Sixteen genotypes of rice (including one check) were evaluated on 18 quantitative traits during sali (August), 2018 in a randomized block design with three replications at Instruction cum Research Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat to study the nature and magnitude of variability, heritability and genetic advance under delayed sown condition. The analysis of variance for 18 quantitative traits revealed the presence of significant differences for grain yield and its component characters. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was observed for chaffs per panicle followed by grains per panicle, spikelet sterility (%), spikelets per panicle, grain yield (kg/ha). A high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height (cm), spikelets per panicle, spikelet sterility (%), chaffs per panicle, grains per panicle, grain yield (g/hill), grain yield (kg/ha), biological yield (kg/ha), straw weight (kg/ha) and harvest index (%) indicating that selection might be effective for improvement of these characters under delayed sown condition with low input. From the findings of this investigation, one genotype viz., Gandhari emerged as the outstanding genotype which yielded 4170 kg/ha and could be directly used for cultivation in delayed sown situation with low inputs. Some other promising genotypes that yielded higher than the check Manoharsali under delayed sown condition were JR 29, JR 16, Basundhara and JR 60 and could be utilized as potential parental material in the hybridization programmes designed to develop suitable rice varieties for delayed sown situation.

Download Full-text

Nitrogen and potassium supply and the morphogenic and productive characteristics of marandu palisadegrass

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000800007 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 1666-1675 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marcio Mahmoud Megda ◽

Francisco Antonio Monteiro

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

System Development ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Root System Development ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Specific Length

The objective of this work was to study morphogenic characteristics, and dry matter production of roots and shoots of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) submitted to combinations of nitrogen and potassium, in a nutritive solution, employing silica as substrate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse during the summer. It was used a 5² fractionated factorial scheme with 13 combinations of nitrogen and potassium, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replications. The nitrogen × potassium interaction was significant for the number of tillers and leaves, for leaf area, for shoots and root section dry mass, for total length and surface and specific length and surface in the roots. Production of aerial part dry mass positively correlated with the number of tillers and leaves and grass leaf area. Nitrogen rates modulated the root system development, and the root specific length and surface decreased when high rates of nitrogen and potassium were supllied. Nitrogen and potassium influence Marandu palisadegrass morphogenic characteristics, which are determinant for grass dry matter production.

Download Full-text

Weed control in corn and weed sample size for growth evaluations

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582014000100006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 51-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L.B. Tavella ◽

P.S.L. Silva ◽

V.R. Oliveira ◽

P.L.O. Fernandes ◽

R.P. Sousa

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Sample Size ◽

Weed Control ◽

Block Design ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Experimental Variation ◽

Yield Values ◽

Viable Seeds

The objectives of this study were to evaluate baby corn yield, green corn yield, and grain yield in corn cultivar BM 3061, with weed control achieved via a combination of hoeing and intercropping with gliricidia, and determine how sample size influences weed growth evaluation accuracy. A randomized block design with ten replicates was used. The cultivar was submitted to the following treatments: A = hoeings at 20 and 40 days after corn sowing (DACS), B = hoeing at 20 DACS + gliricidia sowing after hoeing, C = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing + hoeing at 40 DACS, D = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing, and E = no hoeing. Gliricidia was sown at a density of 30 viable seeds m-2. After harvesting the mature ears, the area of each plot was divided into eight sampling units measuring 1.2 m² each to evaluate weed growth (above-ground dry biomass). Treatment A provided the highest baby corn, green corn, and grain yields. Treatment B did not differ from treatment A with respect to the yield values for the three products, and was equivalent to treatment C for green corn yield, but was superior to C with regard to baby corn weight and grain yield. Treatments D and E provided similar yields and were inferior to the other treatments. Therefore, treatment B is a promising one. The relation between coefficient of experimental variation (CV) and sample size (S) to evaluate growth of the above-ground part of the weeds was given by the equation CV = 37.57 S-0.15, i.e., CV decreased as S increased. The optimal sample size indicated by this equation was 4.3 m².

Download Full-text

Genotype selection and addition of fertilizer increases grain yield in upland rice in Suriname

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201603374 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 185-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Adriano Stephan NASCENTE ◽

Ruby KROMOCARDI

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Trials ◽

Application Rate ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The upland rice farmers in Suriname use local varieties and low level technologies in the field. As a result, the upland rice grain yield is low, at about 1 000 kg ha-1. Our objective was to evaluate the use of upland rice cultivars from Suriname and Brazil, and the effect of nitrogen, N, phosphorus, P, and potassium, K, fertilizers on cultivation variables. We undertook four field trials in the Victoria Area, in the Brokopondo District, using a randomized block design each with four replications. The most productive rice varieties were BRS Esmeralda (grain yield 2 903 kg ha-1) and BRS Sertaneja (2 802 kg ha-1). The highest grain yield of 2 620 kg ha-1 was achieved with a top dressing application of 76.41 kg N ha-1 20 days after sowing. For P, the highest grain yield of 3 085 kg ha-1 was achieved with application of 98.06 kg ha-1 P2O5 applied at sowing. An application rate of 31.45 kg ha-1 of K2O at sowing achieved the highest grain yield of 2 952 kg ha-1. Together, these application rates of N, P and K resulted in rice grain yield of about 3 000 kg ha-1, which is three times greater than the national average for upland rice. We demonstrate that the use of improved rice varieties matched to the local conditions, and application of appropriate fertilizers, are management practices that can result in significant increases in rice grain yield in Suriname.

Download Full-text