scholarly journals Histological observations on Montenegro's reaction in man

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Mayrink ◽  
Antonio Pedro M. Schettini ◽  
Paul Williams ◽  
Pedro Raso ◽  
Paulo Araujo Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
History Of

The Montenegro skin test is widely used as a diagnostic method for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) but little is known about the histological changes that occur in the skin after administration of the antigen. This report is based on histological studies of biopsied material obtained, from inoculation sites, 48 hours after individuals had been given intradermal injections with a standardized Montenegro antigen. The material examined was obtained from four distinctly different test groups: naturally infected patients with parasitologically proved ACL and with positive Montenegro's reaction; individuals without previous history of ACL and not previously tested with Montenegro antigen; participants in anti-ACL vaccine trials who developed positive reactions to Montenegro antigen after vaccination; other participants in vaccine trials who had negative Montenegro responses after vaccination or had served as controls in the trials. The histological pictures of each group are described and discussed. Histologically, the reactions of vaccinated individuals were indistinguishable from those with naturally acquired infections.

scholarly journals Misdiagnosis and Mistreatment of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohamed El Hassan ◽  
Eltahir Awad Gasim Khalil ◽  
Waleed Mohamed Elamin ◽  
Lamyaa Ahmed Mohamed El Hassan ◽  
Mogtaba Elsaman Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Past History ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Pcr Diagnosis ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Parasite

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a known complication of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused byL. donovani. It is rare in VL caused byL. infantumandL. chagasi. In Sudan, it occurs with a frequency of 58% among successfully treated VL patients. In the majority of cases, PKDL can be diagnosed on the basis of clinical appearance, distribution of the lesions, and past history of treated VL. The ideal diagnostic method is to demonstrate the parasite in smears, by culture or PCR. Diagnosis is particularly difficult in patients who develop PKDL in the absence of previous history of visceral leishmaniasis. We describe a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis misdiagnosed as PKDL and 3 cases of PKDL who were either misdiagnosed or mistreated as other dermatoses. This caused exacerbation of their disease leading to high parasite loads in the lesions and dissemination to internal organs in one of the patients, who was also diabetic. The latter patient hadL. majorinfection. A fourth patient with papulonodular lesions on the face and arms of 17-year duration and who was misdiagnosed as having PKDL is also described. He turned out to have cutaneous leishmaniasis due toL. major. Fortunately, he was not treated with steroids. He was cured with intravenous sodium stibogluconate.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON CANINE POPULATION WITH THE USE OF IMMUNOLEISH SKIN TEST IN ENDEMIC AREAS OF HUMAN AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Gloria O. Barbosa Santos ◽  
Mauro Célio A. Marzochi ◽  
Nilton Francisco Conceição ◽  
Célia Maria M. Brito ◽  
Raquel S. Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
The State ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Positive Rate

A survey for canine tegumentary leishmaniasis (CTL) has been carried out between 1986 and 1993 in seven endemic localities for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Rio de Janeiro. 270 dogs have been examined for their clinical aspects, the development of delayed hypersensitivity (DHS) with Immunoleish antigen and with immunofluorescent antibody research of IgG (IF). 28.2% of them had ulcer lesions and 3.3% had scars. The lesions consisted of single (39.5%) and mucocutaneous lesions (31.6%), multiple cutaneous (25.0%) and mucocutaneous lesions associated with cutaneous ulcers (4.0%). Twelve (15.8%) isolates from biopsies were analyzed by zimodeme and schizodeme and identified as L. (V.) braziliensis. The overall prevalence of canine infection that was evaluated with the skin test was of 40.5% and with IF it was of 25.5%. Both tests showed a high positive rate with relation to the animals with mucosal lesions, as in the case of human mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The comparison of the two tests showed the skin test to have a better performance although there was no statistical difference (p>0.05) between them. The proportional sensitivity and specificity was of 84.0% and 74.0%, respectively. The Immunoleish skin test and IF are useful tools to be employed in CTL field epidemiological surveys.

scholarly journals Estimating the annual risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis among adolescents in Western Kenya in preparation for TB vaccine trials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Videlis Nduba ◽  
Anna H. van’t Hoog ◽  
Annefleur de Bruijn ◽  
Ellen M.H. Mitchell ◽  
Kayla Laserson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
History Of ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Annual Risk ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background: Adolescents are a prime target group for tuberculosis (TB) vaccine trials that include prevention of infection (POI). The BCG vaccine is given at birth and does not prevent TB infection. TB infection, a critical endpoint for POI vaccine trials would need to be documented to estimate sample sizes in target populations. Methods: Adolescents aged 12-18 years of age were enrolled in an area under continuous demographic surveillance. A tuberculin skin test (TST) survey was conducted as part of a study on TB prevalence and incidence. All adolescents got TSTs at enrolment and returned after 72 hours for reading. A TST of ≥10mm if HIV negative or ≥ 5mm if HIV positive, was considered positive. Results: Of 4808 adolescents returning for TST readings (96% of those enrolled), mean age was 14.4 (SD 1.9), 4518(94%) were enrolled in school and 21(0.4%) gave a previous history of tuberculosis. Among adolescents with TST reactivity, the mean TST induration was 13.2 mm (SD 5.4). The overall prevalence of latent TB infection was 1544/4808 (32.1%, 95% CI 29.2-35.1) with a corresponding annual risk of TB infection (ARTI) of 2.6% (95% CI 2.2-3.1). Risk factors for a positive TST included being male (OR 1.3, 95%CI 1.2,1.5), history of having a household TB contact (OR 1.5, 95%CI 1.2,1.8), having a BCG scar (OR 1.5,95%CI 1.2,1.8), living in a rural area (OR 1.4, 95%CI 1.1,1.9), and being out of school (OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.4,2.3). Conclusion: We conclude that the high TB transmission rates we found in this study, suggest that adolescents in this region may be an appropriate target group for TB vaccine trials including TB vaccine trials aiming to prevent infection.

scholarly journals Estimating the annual risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis among adolescents in Western Kenya in preparation for TB vaccine trials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Videlis Nduba ◽  
Anna H. van’t Hoog ◽  
Annefleur de Bruijn ◽  
Ellen M.H. Mitchell ◽  
Kayla Laserson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
History Of ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Annual Risk ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background: Adolescents are a prime target group for tuberculosis (TB) vaccine trials that include prevention of infection (POI). The BCG vaccine is given at birth and does not prevent TB infection. TB infection, a critical endpoint for POI vaccine trials would need to be documented to estimate sample sizes in target populations. Methods: Adolescents aged 12-18 years of age were enrolled in an area under continuous demographic surveillance. A tuberculin skin test (TST) survey was conducted as part of a study on TB prevalence and incidence. All adolescents got TSTs at enrolment and returned after 72 hours for reading. A TST of ≥10mm if HIV negative or ≥ 5mm if HIV positive, was considered positive. Results: Of 4808 adolescents returning for TST readings (96% of those enrolled), mean age was 14.4 (SD 1.9), 4518(94%) were enrolled in school and 21(0.4%) gave a previous history of tuberculosis. Among adolescents with TST reactivity, the mean TST induration was 13.2 mm (SD 5.4). The overall prevalence of latent TB infection was 1544/4808 (32.1%, 95% CI 29.2-35.1) with a corresponding annual risk of TB infection (ARTI) of 2.6% (95% CI 2.2-3.1). Risk factors for a positive TST included being male (OR 1.3, 95%CI 1.2,1.5), history of having a household TB contact (OR 1.5, 95%CI 1.2,1.8), having a BCG scar (OR 1.5,95%CI 1.2,1.8), living in a rural area (OR 1.4, 95%CI 1.1,1.9), and being out of school (OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.4,2.3). Conclusion: We conclude that the high TB transmission rates we found in this study, suggest that adolescents in this region may be an appropriate target group for TB vaccine trials including TB vaccine trials aiming to prevent infection.

scholarly journals Reappraisal of Leishmanin Skin Test (LST) in the management of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A retrospective analysis from a reference center in Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0005980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Javier Krolewiecki ◽  
Maria Cristina Almazan ◽  
Marcelo Quipildor ◽  
Marisa Juarez ◽  
Jose Fernando Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Reference Center ◽  
Leishmanin Skin Test ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

scholarly journals Development of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis after Leishmania Skin Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R. Machado ◽  
Augusto M. Carvalho ◽  
Gustavo U. Machado ◽  
Marina L. Dantas ◽  
Sérgio Arruda
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Cutaneous Ulcer ◽  
The Right

Thirty-year-old female with a previous history of a cutaneous ulcer suspicious of leishmaniasis 20 years ago presented with a new complaint of a depressed papular lesion8×7 mm in the right lower extremity. The lesion was of 10-day duration. Because early cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions may have a non-ulcerated appearance, a Leishmania skin test (LST) was performed on the forearm with a strong positive result (38×32 mm). After 8 days, the lesion in the leg, which was diagnosed as folliculitis, completely healed. However, a typical CL ulcer (26×24 mm) developed at the LST site. Histopathology of the new lesion did not identifiy parasites, but the findings were consistent with a diagnosis of CL. Further analysis identified amastigotes by immunohistochemical stain. Mononuclear cells harvested from the patient were stimulated with Leishmania antigen and showed high levels of production of both tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ): 2,943 pg/mL and 2,313 pg/mL, respectively. After 40 days of treatment with antimony and pentoxifylline, the ulcer resolved. The development of CL at the LST site suggests a strong Th1 immune response, and it is anin vivodocumentation of the role of the host immune response in the pathology of CL. It teaches us that LST should be cautiously, if at all, used in patients with self-healing CL ulcers.

scholarly journals Estimating the annual risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis among adolescents in Western Kenya in preparation for TB vaccine trials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Videlis Nduba ◽  
Anna H. van’t Hoog ◽  
Annefleur de Bruijn ◽  
Ellen M.H. Mitchell ◽  
Kayla Laserson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
History Of ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Annual Risk ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background: Adolescents are a prime target group for tuberculosis (TB) vaccine trials that include prevention of infection (POI). The BCG vaccine is given at birth and does not prevent TB infection. TB infection, a critical endpoint for POI vaccine trials would need to be documented to estimate sample sizes in target populations. Methods: Adolescents aged 12-18 years of age were enrolled in an area under continuous demographic surveillance. A tuberculin skin test (TST) survey was conducted as part of a study on TB prevalence and incidence. All adolescents got TSTs at enrolment and returned after 72 hours for reading. A TST of ≥10mm if HIV negative or ≥ 5mm if HIV positive, was considered positive. Results: Of 4808 adolescents returning for TST readings (96% of those enrolled), mean age was 14.4 (SD 1.9), 4518(94%) were enrolled in school and 21(0.4%) gave a previous history of tuberculosis. Among adolescents with TST reactivity, the mean TST induration was 13.2 mm (SD 5.4). The overall prevalence of latent TB infection was 1544/4808 (32.1%, 95% CI 29.2-35.1) with a corresponding annual risk of TB infection (ARTI) of 2.6% (95% CI 2.2-3.1). Risk factors for a positive TST included being male (OR 1.3, 95%CI 1.2,1.5), history of having a household TB contact (OR 1.5, 95%CI 1.2,1.8), having a BCG scar (OR 1.5,95%CI 1.2,1.8), living in a rural area (OR 1.4, 95%CI 1.1,1.9), and being out of school (OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.4,2.3). Conclusion: We conclude that the high TB transmission rates we found in this study, suggest that adolescents in this region may be an appropriate target group for TB vaccine trials including TB vaccine trials aiming to prevent infection.

scholarly journals Clinical, epidemiological and laboratory aspects of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Pernambuco

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza de Campos Reis ◽  
Maria Edileuza Felinto de Brito ◽  
Éricka Lima de Almeida ◽  
Simone Marta Félix ◽  
Ângela Cristina Rapela Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
The State ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Direct Investigation

The diagnosis for American cutaneous leishmaniasis is based on an association of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics. The present study identified the circulating species of Leishmania in the State of Pernambuco, described its clinical-epidemiological characteristics and diagnosed the disease. Nineteen patients presenting active lesions who had been diagnosed through clinical evaluation and laboratory tests were selected. The tests included direct investigation, in vitro culturing, Montenegro skin test, indirect immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction. The Montenegro Skin Test showed positive results in 89% of the patients; indirect immunofluorescence, in 79%; direct investigation, in 58%; and polymerase chain reaction in 75%. Seven Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis samples were isolated from these patients and were characterized by means of specific monoclonal antibodies. These data confirm that a combination of different diagnosis techniques is needed in order to obtain efficient results and that, so far, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the only species responsible for American cutaneous leishmaniasis infection in Pernambuco. Thus, it is essential to identify the parasite species involved in cases of human disease in an endemic area in order to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics, especially with regard to diagnosis, therapy development and disease prognosis.

Sequential degranulation of eosinophils induced by antigen or autocoids in allergic humans

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
Kate W. Sjoerdsma ◽  
W. James Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Positive Skin Test ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Human Eosinophil ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Allergic Asthmatic ◽  
History Of

Eosinophils are important to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, and are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage within four hours after bronchoprovocation of allergic asthmatic patients, and remain significantly increased up to 24 hours later. While the components of human eosinophil granules have been recently isolated and purified, the mechanisms of degranulation have yet to be elucidated.We obtained blood from two volunteers who had a history of allergic rhinitis and asthma and a positive skin test (5x5mm wheal) to Alternaria and Ragweed. Eosinophils were obtained using a modification of the method described by Roberts and Gallin.

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