scholarly journals Phlebotominae fauna in the Province of Tucumán, Argentina

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth CÓRDOBA LANÚS ◽  
Oscar Daniel SALOMÓN
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
First Time

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis is endemic in the province of Tucumán since 1916 where the first Argentinian case of leishmaniasis was reported. An epidemic outbreak took place in the province during 1986-1988, after that the number of cases increased gradually again between 1991-1996. Since October of 1999 sand flies captures were performed at different places associated with current and past transmission or sites identified as risky ones. The collections were carried out with CDC mini light trap and modified Shannon trap. In this study 2338 Phlebotominae were captured being prevalent Lutzomyia neivai (Lu intermedia complex) (97.7%), followed by Lu. migonei. We report Lu. shannoni for the first time in the province. Phlebotominae was abundant in the warm and humid months and showed a peak before the summer rains. Lutzomyia neivai showed a pattern (peridomestic prevalence, anthropophilia, abundance in secondary forest) consistent with other outbreak studies. Thus, the results reinforce this species incrimination as vector of leishmaniasis in the area. Domestic animals close to houses increase its abundance, and so the probable associated risk of human-Phlebotominae contact. Further studies should be done to understand the role of each Phlebotominae species in the transmission of leishmaniasis in Tucumán in order to design entomological surveillance strategies.

scholarly journals Serological study of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in working horses and contact dogs in the city of Bandeirantes, Parana

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e03101119073
Author(s):  
Amabily Furquim da Silva ◽  
Mariza Fordellone Rosa Cruz ◽  
Gabriele Tamires de Andrade Peres Ramos ◽  
Vitor Bruno Bianconi Rosa ◽  
Luciane Holsback Silveira Fertonani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serological Study ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
The City

The American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) occurs in several parts of the world, in Brazil and also in the State of Parana, it is a disease of great importance in public health, since it affects animals and humans, with a zoonotic character. Leishmaniasis is found in two forms, tegumentary and visceral, and has sandflies as vectors and wild animals and domestic dogs as reservoirs. ATL is considered an endemic disease in the city of Bandeirantes, with human cases occurring in several urban and rural locations, mainly in areas close to forest remnants, peri-urban and peripheral areas, where vulnerable populations live in general, and with precarious basic sanitation conditions. In these regions also live the participants of the wagon driver project, who own several working horses. The project provides guidance on management, good practices, disease prevention, and animal welfare. Since the role of horses as reservoirs and in the chain of transmission of ATL is not well known, the aim of this study was to carry out a serological study of ATL in horses and in the contact dogs of the participants of the " wagon driver" project, at UENP-CLM, to evaluate seropositivity in these species. Blood samples were collected from 20 horses and 12 contact dogs. A serological study, using the ELISAi test for ATL diagnosis, was carried out on the horses and dogs in relation to this study population, to assess seropositivity. In the serological survey, eight horses out of 20 animals (40%) and four dogs out of 12 animals (33.33%) were seropositive, a result considered significant, indicating the presence of the disease and the risk of transmission where they live. The occurrence of human cases and the presence of ATL vectors have already been identified in several locations in the city. Due to the lack of knowledge about the disease and the difficulty in controlling the vectors, health education is necessary in order to provide the population with orientation on how to prevent the disease, as well as entomological surveillance and new serological studies in areas at risk for ATL transmission. The results indicate that there may be importance in the role of horses as reservoirs and in the transmission of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis, which still needs to be clarified.

scholarly journals Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Governador Valadares, a transmission area for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Andrade Barata ◽  
Gustavo Fontes Paz ◽  
Marcela Cardoso Bastos ◽  
Roberta Christiane Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Daniela Campos Mendes de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandfly ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
One Year

INTRODUCTION: A study on the phlebotomine sandfly fauna was carried out in an endemic area for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Governador Valadares, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Captures were undertaken using HP light traps in four districts, on three nights per month, for one year (from January to December 2008). Correlations between climatic factors (temperature, relative air humidity and rainfall) and the numbers of sandflies collected was observed. RESULTS: 5,413 phlebotomine specimens were caught and were identified as belonging to 12 species. Of these specimens, 2,851 (52%) were females and 2,562 (48%) were males. CONCLUSIONS: Lutzomyia intermedia predominated (29.9% of the species caught), thus suggesting that they were responsible for transmission of American tegumentary leishmaniasis, together with L. whitmani, which was also found in the area (4.3%). The presence of L. longipalpis (11.9%), the main vector for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil, is an important finding, which makes rigorous entomological surveillance of the area necessary.

scholarly journals Sandfly fauna in a military training area endemic for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the Atlantic Rain Forest region of Pernambuco, Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1761-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sandra Andrade ◽  
Hélio França Valença ◽  
Amilton Lopes da Silva ◽  
Francisco de Assis Almeida ◽  
Ericka Lima Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Training Area

The aim of this study was to characterize the sandfly fauna in a military training area situated in the "Zona da Mata" region of Pernambuco State, Brazil, where human cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) had been observed, caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The occurrence of 16 sandfly species in the Marshall Newton Cavalcanti Military Training Camp (CIMNC) indicates an important diversity of sandfly species in this study area. Lutzomyia complexa was the most common species (51.36%) followed by L. choti (43.54%). All the captures were made in areas where training activities were conducted and where clinical cases had been detected in individuals performing training, following this period. The data relating the sandfly behavior to previous data in the same area provides strong evidence for the occurrence of an enzootic cycle of the parasite, and outbreaks followed the period of training activities in the remaining Atlantic Rain Forest and secondary forest areas.

scholarly journals Serological Evidence of Phleboviruses in Domestic Animals on the Pre-Apennine Hills (Northern Italy)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1577
Author(s):  
Davide Lelli ◽  
Vittorio Scanferla ◽  
Ana Moreno ◽  
Enrica Sozzi ◽  
Valentina Ravaioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Virus Neutralization Assay

Phleboviruses are arboviruses transmitted by sand flies, mosquitoes and ticks. Some sand fly-borne phleboviruses cause illnesses in humans, such as the summer fevers caused by the Sicilian and Naples viruses or meningitis caused by the Toscana virus. Indeed, traces of several phleboviral infections have been serologically detected in domestic animals, but their potential pathogenic role in vertebrates other than humans is still unclear, as is the role of vertebrates as potential reservoirs of these viruses. In this study, we report the results of a serological survey performed on domestic animals sampled in Northern Italy, against four phleboviruses isolated from sand flies in the same area. The sera of 23 dogs, 165 sheep and 23 goats were tested with a virus neutralization assay for Toscana virus, Fermo virus, Ponticelli I virus and Ponticelli III virus. Neutralizing antibodies against one or more phleboviruses were detected in four out of 23 dogs, 31 out of 165 sheep and 12 out of 23 goats. This study shows preliminary evidence for the distribution pattern of phleboviral infections in different animal species, highlighting the potential infection of the Toscana virus in dogs and the Fermo virus in goats.

scholarly journals Role of Domestic Carnivores in the Formation of Parasitic Foci in the Territory of Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahimova
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
New Host ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Domestic Carnivores ◽  
First Time ◽  
Epidemiological Significance ◽  
Gongylonema Pulchrum

Domestic carnivores play an important role in the transfer of pathogenic helminths from natural foci to synanthropic ones and in the formation of strong parasitic foci for humans and domestic animals. The extensiveness and powerful natural and synanthropic and mixed foci of some main helminth infectors of domestic carnivores have been specified. Upon studying the role of carnivores in the creation and improvement of foci firstly in Azerbaijan. For the first time, it was found out that domestic carnivores are the new host for 14 types of helminths infected with wild animals have also influence on mixed foci. 2 species (Gongylonema pulchrum, Mesocestoides corti) of 14 species of helminths assume epidemiological significance; while 5 species (Taenia cervi, T. krabbei, Tetratirotaenia polyacantha, Trichocephalus vulpis, Strongyloides vulpis) assume epizootic significance. It was found out that intermediary hosts, ecological and anthropogenous along with carnivorous animals have also an influence on the creation and spread of parasitic foci. Therefore, studying the factors that lead to the creation of parasitic foci is of practical importance.

scholarly journals Cytokine profile in Montenegro skin test of patients with localized cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Ferraz Nogueira ◽  
Hiro Goto ◽  
Mírian Nacagami Sotto ◽  
Luiz Carlos Cucé
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Parasite Leishmania

American tegumentary leishmaniasis presents as two major clinical forms: localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). The immune response in leishmaniasis is efficiently evaluated by the response to Leishmania antigen through the Montenegro skin test (MST). Both LCL and MCL present positive response to MST, indicating that the patients present cell-mediated immunity against the parasite - Leishmania. In spite of the presence of immunity in MCL, this is not sufficient to stop disease progression and prevent resistance to treatment. In this study we demonstrated interleukin (IL) 2, 4, 5 and interferon (IFN) gamma expression in biopsies of MST of ten patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis. The obtained results were compared between LCL (n = 5) and MCL (n = 5) patients. The MST of MCL patients displayed a higher expression of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5, in comparison to LCL. There was no significant difference in IFN-gamma expression between groups. The obtained results suggest the role of IL-4 and IL-5 in the maintenance of the immunopathogenic mechanism of the destructive lesions that characterize MCL.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Manhuaçu, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlan Gabriel De Lima ◽  
Laís Perígolo Mol ◽  
Abel Perígolo Mol ◽  
TIAGO MENDON OLIVEIRA ◽  
Cristina Mara Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
First Time

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is a widely distributed anthropozoonosis caused by theprotozoa Leishmania spp. and is considered a serious public health problem. We aimed to assessManhuaçu’s burden caused by ATL through the profiling of all ATL case reports during the period from2010 to 2015. A descriptive, ecological and retrospective study of the confirmed cases of ATL wascarried out using data regarding the age, sex, area of residence, type of entry (new case or recurrence),and clinical form of the disease of the existing registered reports provided by the Sistema de Informaçãode Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). We observed that the first quarter of the years showed highernumber of reports. The 58 notifications were classified as a first time occurrence, being 95% of thecutaneous form of the disease, and 76% of the cases in male patients. Regarding the location of theinfection, 86% of the patients belonged to the rural area, and most (60%) were between 20 and 59 yearsold. Thus, the epidemiological profile of infections of ATL in Manhuaçu, MG indicates that maleindividuals aged between 20 and 59 years old and living in rural areas are more likely to get infected.Moreover, it is important to know the epidemiological profile of ATL cases for adequate healthsurveillance and prevention of the disease on this region.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

PROBLEMS OF STRAY ANIMALS IN NOVOSIBIRSK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Elena E. Rinchinova ◽  
Diyara A. Takumova ◽  
Irina I. Bochkareva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City

The article discusses main issues of organizing activities for the treatment of stray and street animals in the city of Novosibirsk. The important role of successful solving the problem of stray animals in ensuring environmental comfort and safety of the urban population is noted. Definitions of the concepts “stray animals” and “street animals” are given, the differences between them are emphasized. The main regulatory and legal documents governing the handling of stray and street animals are listed. The ways in which domestic animals get into a stray state are described briefly. The results of the collection and analysis of information on the activities of shelters for stray animals in Novosibirsk are described. The information on the quantitative indicators of the shelters are given. Conclusions on how to solve the problem of stray animals, relying on the latest regulations are drawn.

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