scholarly journals Serological study of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in working horses and contact dogs in the city of Bandeirantes, Parana

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e03101119073
Author(s):  
Amabily Furquim da Silva ◽  
Mariza Fordellone Rosa Cruz ◽  
Gabriele Tamires de Andrade Peres Ramos ◽  
Vitor Bruno Bianconi Rosa ◽  
Luciane Holsback Silveira Fertonani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serological Study ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
The City

The American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) occurs in several parts of the world, in Brazil and also in the State of Parana, it is a disease of great importance in public health, since it affects animals and humans, with a zoonotic character. Leishmaniasis is found in two forms, tegumentary and visceral, and has sandflies as vectors and wild animals and domestic dogs as reservoirs. ATL is considered an endemic disease in the city of Bandeirantes, with human cases occurring in several urban and rural locations, mainly in areas close to forest remnants, peri-urban and peripheral areas, where vulnerable populations live in general, and with precarious basic sanitation conditions. In these regions also live the participants of the wagon driver project, who own several working horses. The project provides guidance on management, good practices, disease prevention, and animal welfare. Since the role of horses as reservoirs and in the chain of transmission of ATL is not well known, the aim of this study was to carry out a serological study of ATL in horses and in the contact dogs of the participants of the " wagon driver" project, at UENP-CLM, to evaluate seropositivity in these species. Blood samples were collected from 20 horses and 12 contact dogs. A serological study, using the ELISAi test for ATL diagnosis, was carried out on the horses and dogs in relation to this study population, to assess seropositivity. In the serological survey, eight horses out of 20 animals (40%) and four dogs out of 12 animals (33.33%) were seropositive, a result considered significant, indicating the presence of the disease and the risk of transmission where they live. The occurrence of human cases and the presence of ATL vectors have already been identified in several locations in the city. Due to the lack of knowledge about the disease and the difficulty in controlling the vectors, health education is necessary in order to provide the population with orientation on how to prevent the disease, as well as entomological surveillance and new serological studies in areas at risk for ATL transmission. The results indicate that there may be importance in the role of horses as reservoirs and in the transmission of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis, which still needs to be clarified.

scholarly journals Phlebotominae fauna in the Province of Tucumán, Argentina

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth CÓRDOBA LANÚS ◽  
Oscar Daniel SALOMÓN
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
First Time

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis is endemic in the province of Tucumán since 1916 where the first Argentinian case of leishmaniasis was reported. An epidemic outbreak took place in the province during 1986-1988, after that the number of cases increased gradually again between 1991-1996. Since October of 1999 sand flies captures were performed at different places associated with current and past transmission or sites identified as risky ones. The collections were carried out with CDC mini light trap and modified Shannon trap. In this study 2338 Phlebotominae were captured being prevalent Lutzomyia neivai (Lu intermedia complex) (97.7%), followed by Lu. migonei. We report Lu. shannoni for the first time in the province. Phlebotominae was abundant in the warm and humid months and showed a peak before the summer rains. Lutzomyia neivai showed a pattern (peridomestic prevalence, anthropophilia, abundance in secondary forest) consistent with other outbreak studies. Thus, the results reinforce this species incrimination as vector of leishmaniasis in the area. Domestic animals close to houses increase its abundance, and so the probable associated risk of human-Phlebotominae contact. Further studies should be done to understand the role of each Phlebotominae species in the transmission of leishmaniasis in Tucumán in order to design entomological surveillance strategies.

scholarly journals The effect of age on the frequency of adverse reactions caused by antimony in the treatment of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doracy Silva Diniz ◽  
Alexandre Sylvio Vieira Costa ◽  
Patrícia Maria Fonseca Escalda
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Healing ◽  
The City ◽  
Effect Of Age

INTRODUCTION: Governador Valadares is an endemic area of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). The detection rate was 15.36 per 100,000 habitants from 2001 to 2006 (Miranda, 2008). This study aimed to analyze the effects of age on the frequency of adverse reactions caused by antimony in the treatment of ATL in the City of Governador Valadares, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during 2009. METHODS: Data were collected from the forms of the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, and from charts, questionnaires, and home visits to patients. RESULTS: The study included 40 patients, 26 (65%) of whom were males. Individuals over the age of 50 had a 66% higher rate of adverse effects than subjects who were 50 years old or less (CI 95%, 1.14-2.41). The average age of individuals who reported some type of adverse effect was 44.11 years (SD = 20.14), while the average age of the group that did not report any adverse effect was of 25.46 years (SD = 18.37; p < 0.01). Clinical healing was 67.5%, and 10% of patients discontinued the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of ATL, the age of patients should be considered, because most adverse reactions occur in individuals over 50 years of age. For this reason, the drug should be used with restriction in these cases.

scholarly journals A decade of arbovirus emergence in the temperate southern cone of South America: dengue, Aedes aegypti and climate dynamics in Córdoba, Argentina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabet L. Estallo ◽  
Rachel Sippy ◽  
Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra ◽  
Marta G. Grech ◽  
Elisabet M. Benitez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
The City

AbstractBackgroundArgentina is located at the southern temperate range of arboviral transmission by the mosquito Aedes aegypti and has experienced a rapid increase in disease transmission in recent years. Here we present findings from an entomological surveillance study that began in Córdoba, Argentina, following the emergence of dengue in 2009.MethodsFrom 2009 to 2017, larval surveys were conducted monthly, from November to May, in 600 randomly selected households distributed across the city. From 2009 to 2013, ovitraps (n=177) were sampled weekly to monitor the oviposition activity of Ae. aegypti. We explored seasonal and interannual dynamics of entomological variables and dengue transmission. Cross correlation analysis was used to identify significant lag periods.ResultsAedes aegypti were detected over the entire study period, and abundance peaked during the summer months (January to March). We identified a considerable increase in the proportion of homes with juvenile Ae. aegypti over the study period (from 5.7% of homes in 2009-10 to 15.4% of homes in 2016-17). Aedes aegypti eggs per ovitrap and larval abundance were positively associated with temperature in the same month. Autochthonous dengue transmission peaked in April, following a peak in imported dengue cases in March; autochthonous dengue was not positively associated with vector or climate variables.ConclusionsThis longitudinal study provides insights into the complex dynamics of arbovirus transmission and vector populations in a temperate region of arbovirus emergence. Our findings suggest that Córdoba is well suited for arbovirus disease transmission, given the stable and abundant vector populations. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of regional human movement.Author summaryThere is an increasing risk of arbovirus transmission in temperate regions. Argentina is located at the southern range of dengue virus transmission by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. In the last decade, epidemics of dengue fever have emerged for the first time in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. We present the study design and findings from an entomological surveillance study in Córdoba, which began following the emergence of dengue in 2009. We found that Ae. aegypti were most abundant from January to March, followed by a peak in local dengue transmission in April. Over the study period, we noted a considerable increase in the proportion of homes with Ae. aegypti. Vector indices were positively associated with warmer temperatures, which have been increasing in this region. However, the timing of local dengue transmission appears to be driven by the appearance of imported dengue cases associated with human movement. These results highlight the important role of long term surveillance studies in areas of disease emergence.

scholarly journals Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Governador Valadares, a transmission area for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Andrade Barata ◽  
Gustavo Fontes Paz ◽  
Marcela Cardoso Bastos ◽  
Roberta Christiane Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Daniela Campos Mendes de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandfly ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
One Year

INTRODUCTION: A study on the phlebotomine sandfly fauna was carried out in an endemic area for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Governador Valadares, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Captures were undertaken using HP light traps in four districts, on three nights per month, for one year (from January to December 2008). Correlations between climatic factors (temperature, relative air humidity and rainfall) and the numbers of sandflies collected was observed. RESULTS: 5,413 phlebotomine specimens were caught and were identified as belonging to 12 species. Of these specimens, 2,851 (52%) were females and 2,562 (48%) were males. CONCLUSIONS: Lutzomyia intermedia predominated (29.9% of the species caught), thus suggesting that they were responsible for transmission of American tegumentary leishmaniasis, together with L. whitmani, which was also found in the area (4.3%). The presence of L. longipalpis (11.9%), the main vector for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil, is an important finding, which makes rigorous entomological surveillance of the area necessary.

Artists and the Public Spaces of the City

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Vivien Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Public Art ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Sport Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Health Sport ◽  
The City

The paper presents the variety of ways in which contemporary artists and curators are engaging with the city today. Public art, in its many manifestations, from monument to ephemeral sculpture, forms our mental image and memory of a city. Artists are contributing to the vibrancy of the city right across the public realm, from development, transport, health, sport, education and faith, and finding ways of engaging the public meaningfully in the creative process. Focusing on London, a sample of formal and informal commissioning practices in 'public art' is presented, from its procurement through the planning process to non-commissioned 'guerilla' street art. The role of artists on design teams and the value of one-off installations and temporary programmes of sculpture and light will be explored, alongside the range of patronage of public art today. Aff ordable studio spaces for artists are a continual issue in a city with rising property values: the paper cites models for retaining artists' homes and studios as well as problems encountered by creatives being forced ever further from now peripheral areas. Many contemporary art galleries are also finding themselves 'priced out' of the centre, bar the more established international galleries. Since artists and galleries have been responsible for regenerating entire districts, can their presence be safeguarded through planning regulations?

scholarly journals A ATIVIDADE COMERCIAL E A CONSTITUIÇÃO DO MOCAMBINHO COMO NOVA CENTRALIDADE URBANA EM TERESINA – PI

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Poliana Santos Ferraz de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Rerisson Rocha da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Studies ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Northern Area ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
State Capital ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
The City

Este artigo tem como objeto de estudo o Mocambinho, um bairro periférico da zona Norte de Teresina, capital do estado do Piauí, onde se analisou a atividade comercial e seu papel na constituição do referido bairro como uma das novas centralidades urbanas de Teresina. Buscou-se entender o papel das atividades comerciais para a produção de uma nova centralidade urbana, identificando suas dinâmicas e empreendimentos comerciais e sua contribuição para o processo de valorização do referido bairro. A proposta partiu da análise da concentração de atividades comerciais em áreas centrais e sua expansão nas últimas décadas para áreas periféricas da cidade. O artigo foi produzido a partir da realização de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, com a aplicação de questionários e a realização de entrevistas. Evidencia-se que o crescimento comercial do bairro atende parcial e, em alguns casos totalmente, às necessidades comerciais de seus habitantes, evitando-se o deslocamento ao centro de Teresina. Assim, espera-se contribuir para os estudos urbanos sobre a cidade de Teresina e com o entendimento das novas dinâmicas da urbanização na capital piauiense.Palavras-chave: Centralidade Urbana; Comércio; Mocambinho.THE TRADING ACTIVITY AND THE CONSTITUTION OF MOCAMBINHO AS A NEW URBAN CENTRALITY IN TERESINA – PIABSTRACTThis article has as study object the Mocambinho, a peripheral neighborhood in the northern area of Teresina, Piauí state capital, where the commercial activity was analyzed, and its role in the constitution from the referred neighborhood as one of the new urban centers of Teresina. It was sought to understand the role of commercial activities for the production of a new urban centrality Identify its dynamics and commercial enterprises as well as its contribution to the valorization process of said neighborhood. The proposal was based on the analysis of the concentration of commercial activities in central areas and its expansion in the last decades to peripheral areas of the city. The article was produced from the accomplishment of bibliographical, documentary and field research, with the application of questionnaires and interviews. It is evidenced that the commercial growth of the neighborhood attends partial and, in some cases totally, the commercial needs of its inhabitants, avoiding the displacement to the center of Teresina. Thus, it is hoped to contribute to the urban studies about the city of Teresina and with the understanding of the new dynamics of urbanization in the Piauí capital.Keywords: Urban Centrality; Trade; Mocambinho.LA ACTIVIDAD COMERCIAL Y LA CONSTITUCIÓN DE MOCAMBINHO COMO NUEVO CENTRO URBANO EN TERESINA – PIRESUMENEste artículo tiene como objeto de estudio el Mocambinho, un barrio periférico de la zona Norte de Teresina, capital del estado de Piauí, donde se analizó la actividad comercial y su papel en la constitución del dicho barrio como una de los nuevos centros urbanos de Teresina. Él trató de comprender el papel de las actividades comerciales para la producción de un nuevo centro urbano, identificando sus dinámicas y desarrollos comerciales y sus contribuciones para el proceso de valoración del dicho barrio. La propuesta vino del análisis de concentración de actividades comerciales en áreas centrales y su expansión en las últimas décadas para áreas periféricas de la ciudad. El artículo ha sido producido a partir de la realización de investigaciones bibliográficas, documental y de campo, con la aplicación de cuestionarios y entrevistas. Es evidente que el crecimiento comercial del distrito reúne parcial y en algunos casos totalmente, a las necesidades comerciales de sus habitantes, si evitando el desplazamiento al centro de Teresina. Por lo tanto se espera que contribuya para los estudios urbanos de la ciudad de Teresina y con comprensión de las nuevas dinámicas de la urbanización en la capital de Piauí.Palabras claves: Centro Urbano; Comercio; Mocambinho.

scholarly journals Cytokine profile in Montenegro skin test of patients with localized cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Ferraz Nogueira ◽  
Hiro Goto ◽  
Mírian Nacagami Sotto ◽  
Luiz Carlos Cucé
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Parasite Leishmania

American tegumentary leishmaniasis presents as two major clinical forms: localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). The immune response in leishmaniasis is efficiently evaluated by the response to Leishmania antigen through the Montenegro skin test (MST). Both LCL and MCL present positive response to MST, indicating that the patients present cell-mediated immunity against the parasite - Leishmania. In spite of the presence of immunity in MCL, this is not sufficient to stop disease progression and prevent resistance to treatment. In this study we demonstrated interleukin (IL) 2, 4, 5 and interferon (IFN) gamma expression in biopsies of MST of ten patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis. The obtained results were compared between LCL (n = 5) and MCL (n = 5) patients. The MST of MCL patients displayed a higher expression of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5, in comparison to LCL. There was no significant difference in IFN-gamma expression between groups. The obtained results suggest the role of IL-4 and IL-5 in the maintenance of the immunopathogenic mechanism of the destructive lesions that characterize MCL.

Retrospective study of american cutaneous leishmaniosis in humans in the city of Manaus, Amazonas (2018-2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
George Jefferson Gomes Maia ◽  
Mariana Silva Albuquerque ◽  
Vitória Elizabeth de Souza Rocha ◽  
Jamires Silva De Souza ◽  
Edson Francisco do Espírito Santo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniosis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Genus Leishmania

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is characterized as a zoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania spp., presenting a chronic, non-contagious evolution, and its transmission occurs through the bite of sand fly insects (Diptera: Psychodidae). The process of expansion of cities, agricultural frontiers, and the occupation of peripheral areas contribute to the occurrence of epidemic outbreaks of the disease. This article aimed to study the incidence of human cases of ATL in the city of Manaus, describing qualitatively and quantitatively the occurrence of this disease. From the transfer of data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System - SINAN, made available by the Amazonas Health Surveillance Foundation - FVS/AM, this study describes a total of 789 cases, which occurred between 2018 and 2019, in the capital of Amazonas, which were classified according to age, gender, occupation, clinical signs, as well as the condition of the autochthonous case, the relationship with work, and the evolution of the case. As a result, 789 cases were confirmed, ranging in age from 1 to 90 years, and with a higher prevalence in males. As for the form of the lesion, the cutaneous type was identified in 98.73% of the cases, and 57% of the cases had a clinical cure. The results show ATL as a disease related to the socioeconomic and mainly health conditions in which the patient fits, with a high number of patients in large expanding cities, such as the city of Manaus. Thus, further work is needed to provide clarification on the disease, especially in the state of Amazonas, as it is still a neglected disease and related to the population's living conditions.

PROBLEMS OF STRAY ANIMALS IN NOVOSIBIRSK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Elena E. Rinchinova ◽  
Diyara A. Takumova ◽  
Irina I. Bochkareva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City

The article discusses main issues of organizing activities for the treatment of stray and street animals in the city of Novosibirsk. The important role of successful solving the problem of stray animals in ensuring environmental comfort and safety of the urban population is noted. Definitions of the concepts “stray animals” and “street animals” are given, the differences between them are emphasized. The main regulatory and legal documents governing the handling of stray and street animals are listed. The ways in which domestic animals get into a stray state are described briefly. The results of the collection and analysis of information on the activities of shelters for stray animals in Novosibirsk are described. The information on the quantitative indicators of the shelters are given. Conclusions on how to solve the problem of stray animals, relying on the latest regulations are drawn.

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