scholarly journals Comparison between immunomagnetic separation, coupled with immunofluorescence, and the techniques of Faust et al. and of Lutz for the diagnosis of Giardia lamblia cysts in human feces

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Sobral Marques Souza ◽  
Juliana Teixeira Barreiros ◽  
Karina Maria Papp ◽  
Mário Steindel ◽  
Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Separation Technique ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Routine Procedure ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

In the present study, the performance of Immunomagnetic Separation technique, coupled with Immunofluorescence (IMS-IFA), was compared with the FAUST et al. and Lutz parasitological techniques for the detection of Giardia lamblia cysts in human feces. One hundred and twenty-seven samples were evaluated by the three techniques at the same time showing a rate of cyst detection of 27.5% by IMS-IFA and 15.7% by both Faust et al. and Lutz techniques. Data analysis showed a higher sensitivity of IMS-IFA for the detection of G. lamblia cysts in comparison with the techniques of FAUST et al. and Lutz. The use of this methodology as a routine procedure enables the processing of many samples simultaneously, in order to increase recovery rate of G. lamblia cysts and reduce the time of sample storage.

scholarly journals New Method Using Sedimentation and Immunomagnetic Separation for Isolation and Enumeration of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 6758-6761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Massanet-Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
New Method ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge

ABSTRACT A new method for the isolation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts from biosolid samples has been developed that utilizes sedimentation and immunomagnetic separation. The method was used to recover stained cysts and oocysts (spike organisms) from primary settled sewage sludge, anaerobically digested sewage sludge, and bovine manure. Recovery efficiencies associated with this method were approximately 40 to 60% and were significantly greater than those associated with similar methods based on sucrose flotation (P < 0.001). The recovery efficiency of the sedimentation-based method showed no significant reduction as a result of sample storage for up to 21 days (P > 0.05). Recovery efficiencies were determined by spiking samples with prestained cysts and oocysts, allowing them to be differentiated from those naturally present in the biosolid samples. The prestained cysts and oocysts had been fixed in 5% formalin, and the recovery efficiencies associated with this method may be different from recovery efficiencies for fresh cysts or oocysts.

scholarly journals Cattle gastrointestinal nematode egg-spiked faecal samples: high recovery rates using the Mini-FLOTAC technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Amadesi ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Laura Rinaldi ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
Edwin Claerebout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reading Levels ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Flotac Technique ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Background: Faecal egg count (FEC) techniques are commonly used to detect gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) in cattle and to determine anthelmintic efficacy/resistance through the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Mini-FLOTAC is one of the techniques recommended for a standardised FEC/FECRT of helminth eggs in cattle. However, only one paper evaluated the recovery rate of GIN eggs by Mini-FLOTAC (compared to McMaster and modified-Wisconsin) in cattle, using only the level of contamination of 200 eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces and using GIN eggs collected from goat faeces to spike faecal samples from cattle. To further study the recovery rate of added GIN eggs from cattle, this study was conducted in two laboratories, one in Belgium and one in Italy to evaluate sensitivity, accuracy, precision and reproducibility of Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster (at two reading levels: grids and chambers) for the detection of GIN eggs in spiked bovine faecal samples. Methods: In both countries, spiked cattle faecal samples with five different levels of egg contamination (10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 EPG) of GINs were used. The study was performed in both laboratories by the same expert operator and using the same standard operating procedures (SOPs) for Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster. Sensitivity, accuracy and precision were calculated for each technique and for each level of contamination. Moreover, statistical analyses were performed to evaluate differences between performances of techniques used. Results: Mini-FLOTAC had a higher sensitivity (100% at all EPG levels for Mini-FLOTAC vs 0-66.6% for McMaster chambers and grids at levels <100 EPG), a higher accuracy (98.1% mean value for Mini-FLOTAC vs 83.2% for McMaster grids and 63.8% for McMaster chambers) and a lower coefficient of variation (10.0% for Mini-FLOTAC vs 47.5% for McMaster grids and 69.4% for McMaster chambers) than McMaster. There was no significant difference between the recovery of GIN eggs from the two studies performed in Belgium and in Italy. Conclusions: The high GIN eggs recovery rate detected by Mini-FLOTAC and the similar results obtained in Belgium and in Italy indicated that the diagnostic performance of a FEC technique was not regard to the laboratory environment.

scholarly journals Cattle gastrointestinal nematode egg-spiked faecal samples: high recovery rates using the Mini-FLOTAC technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Amadesi ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Laura Rinaldi ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
Edwin Claerebout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reading Levels ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Flotac Technique ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Background: Faecal egg count (FEC) techniques are commonly used to detect gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) in cattle and to determine anthelmintic efficacy/resistance through the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Mini-FLOTAC is one of the techniques recommended for a standardised FEC/FECRT of helminth eggs in cattle. However, only one paper evaluated the recovery rate of GIN eggs by Mini-FLOTAC (compared to McMaster and modified-Wisconsin) in cattle, using only the level of contamination of 200 eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces and using GIN eggs collected from goat faeces to spike faecal samples from cattle. To further study the recovery rate of added GIN eggs from cattle, this study was conducted in two laboratories in Belgium and Italy to evaluate sensitivity, accuracy, precision and reproducibility of Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster (at two reading levels: grids and chambers) for the detection of GIN eggs in spiked bovine faecal samples. Methods: In both countries, spiked cattle faecal samples with five different levels of egg contamination (10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 EPG) of GINs were used. The study was performed in both laboratories by the same expert operator and using the same standard operating procedures (SOPs) for Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster. Sensitivity, accuracy and precision were calculated for each technique and for each level of contamination. Moreover, statistical analyses were performed to evaluate differences between performances of techniques used. Results: Mini-FLOTAC had a higher sensitivity (100% at all EPG levels for Mini-FLOTAC vs 0-66.6% for McMaster chambers and grids at levels <100 EPG), a higher accuracy (98.1% mean value for Mini-FLOTAC vs 83.2% for McMaster grids and 63.8% for McMaster chambers) and a lower coefficient of variation (10.0% for Mini-FLOTAC vs 47.5% for McMaster grids and 69.4% for McMaster chambers) than McMaster. There was no significant difference between the recovery of GIN eggs from the two studies performed in Belgium and in Italy. Conclusions: The high GIN eggs recovery rate detected by Mini-FLOTAC and the similar results obtained in Belgium and in Italy indicated that the diagnostic performance of a FEC technique was not regard to the laboratory environment.

scholarly journals Simulating past droughts and associated building damages in France

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1739-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Corti ◽  
V. Muccione ◽  
P. Köllner-Heck ◽  
D. Bresch ◽  
S. I. Seneviratne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Soil Subsidence ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Strong Concern ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract. Droughts can induce important building damages due to shrinking and swelling of soils, leading to costs as large as for floods in some regions. Previous studies have focused on damage data analysis, geological or constructional aspects. Here, a study investigating the climatic aspects of soil subsidence damage is presented for the first time. We develop a simple model to examine if the meteorology has a considerable impact on the interannual variability of damages from soil subsidence in France. We find that the model is capable of reproducing yearly drought-induced building damages for the time period 1989–2002, thus suggesting a strong meteorological influence. Furthermore, our results reveal a doubling of damages in these years compared to 1961–1990, mainly as a consequence of increasing temperatures. This indicates a link to climate change. We also apply the model to the extreme summer of 2003, which caused a further increase in damage by a factor four, according to a preliminary damage estimate. The simulation result for that year shows strong damage underestimation, pointing to additional sources of vulnerability. Damage data suggest a higher sensitivity to soil subsidence of regions first affected by drought in the 2003 summer, possibly due to a lack of preparedness and adaptation. This is of strong concern in the context of climate change, as densely populated regions in Central Europe and North America are expected to become newly affected by drought in the future.

scholarly journals Contamination of River Water byCryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in Western Japan

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 3832-3836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Ono ◽  
Hidetaka Tsuji ◽  
Shiba Kumar Rai ◽  
Akio Yamamoto ◽  
Kuniyoshi Masuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Bovine Type ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

ABSTRACT In Japan, only a few rivers have been inspected forCryptosporidium parvum contamination, and the methods used had low sensitivity. In 1998 and 1999, we used a method with higher sensitivity to examine all large rivers used as sources of water supply in one prefecture (which we divided into four areas) in western Japan for Cryptosporidium oocysts. One sample was collected at each of 156 sites along 18 rivers, and samples were tested for Cryptosporidium oocysts by immunomagnetic separation. Samples were classified as being obtained on an island with livestock and fishing industries, a densely populated urban area, a western region including farming villages, or a still more rural northern area with agriculture and fishing. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used for identification of the C. parvum found as the bovine or human type. C. parvum was detected in at least one sample from 13 of the 18 rivers and in 47% (74 of 156) of the samples. One-third to all of the samples from each area contained C. parvum oocysts. The number of C. parvum oocysts per 20 liters of river water varied in the same pattern as the number of cattle kept in the four kinds of areas (as determined by the Mantel extension test). Oocysts isolated were of the bovine type; the C. parvum detected in rivers probably came from cattle kept in that valley. As we had expected, when tested with a more sensitive method, river water in western Japan was found to be greatly contaminated with C. parvum oocysts, as reported in other countries.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Microbiome for Forensic Geolocation: A Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Christian Haarkötter ◽  
María Saiz ◽  
Xiomara Gálvez ◽  
María Isabel Medina-Lozano ◽  
Juan Carlos Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Crime Investigation ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Current Sample

Forensic microbiomics is a promising tool for crime investigation. Geolocation, which connects an individual to a certain place or location by microbiota, has been fairly well studied in the literature, and several applications have been found. The aim of this review is to highlight the main findings in this field, including the current sample storage, DNA extraction, sequencing and data analysis techniques that are being used, and its potential applications in human trafficking and ancient DNA studies. Second, the challenges and limitations of forensic microbiomics and geolocation are emphasised, providing recommendations for the establishment of this tool in the forensic science community.

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