scholarly journals The relation of the concentration of macronutrients in the substrate and in the foliage to cell wall thickness and cellulose concentration in the xylem of slash pine (Pinus elliotti)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (0) ◽  
pp. 295-333
Author(s):  
E. Malavolta ◽  
J.R. Sarruge ◽  
H.P. Haag ◽  
R. Vencovsky ◽  
C.F.O. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Cellulose Concentration

Sand culture experiments, using a sub-irrigation technique, were installed in order to find out the effects of the macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S on growth, aspect, mineral composition, length of fibers, thickness of cell wall and cellulose concentration in slash pine. The aim was to obtain, under controlled conditions, basic information which could eventually lead to practical means designed to increase the rate of growth and to make of slash pine a richer source of cellulose. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium Experiment A 3 x 3 x 3 factorial design with two replicates was used. Nitrogen was supplied initially at the levels of 25, 50 and 100 ppm; phosphorus was given at the rates of 5, 10 and 20 ppm; potassium was supplied at the rates of 25, 50 and 100 ppm; six months after the experiment was started the first level for each element was dropped to zero. Others macro and all micronutrients were supplied at uniform rates. Fifteen hours of illumination per day were provided. The experimental technique for growing the slash pine seedlings proved quite satisfactory. Symptoms of deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were observed, described and recorded in photographs and water colors. These informations will help to identify abnormalities which may appear under field conditions. Chemical analysis of the several plant parts, on the other hand, give a valuable means to assess the nutritional status of slash pine, thus confirming when needed, the visual diagnosis. The correctness of manurial pratices, on the other hand, can be judged with the help of the analytical data tabulated. Under the experimental conditions nitrogen caused the highest increases on growth, as measured by increments in height and dry weights, whereas the effects of phosphorus and potassium were less marked. Cellulose concentration was not significantly affected by the treatments used. Higher levels of N seemed to decrease both length of fiber elements and the thickness of cell wall. The effects of P and K were not well defined. Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur Experiment A 3 x 3 x 3 factorial design with two replicates was used. Calcium was supplied initially at the levels of 12.5, 25 and 50 ppm; magnesium and sulfur were given at the rates of 6, 12.5 and 25 ppm. Other macro and micronutrients were supplied at uniform rates, common to all treatments. Three months after starting the experiment the first level for each element was dropped to zero. Symptoms of deficiency of calcium, magnesium and sulfur were observed, described and recorded as in the case of the previous experiment. Chemical analysis were made, both for mineral content and cellulose concentration. Length of fibers and thickness of cell wall were measured. Both calcium and magnesium increase height, sulfur failing to give significant response. Dry weight was beneficially affected by calcium and sulfur. The levels of calcium, magnesium and sulfur in the needles associated with deficiency and maximum growth are comparable with those found in the literature. Cellulose concentration increased when the level of sulfur in the substrate was raised. The thickness of cell wall was negatively affected by the treatments; no effect was observed with regards to length of fibers.

scholarly journals Comparisons between placing and broadcasting of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for potatoes, peas, beans, kale and maize

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
G. W. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Clear Relationship ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Potato Fertilizer ◽  
Broad Beans ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Green Peas ◽  
The Way

1. In eight experiments on main-crop potatoes in 1953–4 placing 0·5 cwt. N/acre in a band beside the seed tended to give higher yields than broadcasting the dressing; when 1·0 cwt. N/acre was applied, broadcasting tended to be superior to placement. There were no consistent gains from placing 1·5 cwt. K2O/acre.2. Four other potato experiments in 1954–6 tested all combinations of placing and broadcasting two levels of nitrogen and potassium. There was no clear relationship between the effects of broadcasting or placing one nutrient and the way in which the other nutrient was applied. When 0·5 cwt. N was applied, placing gave higher yields in seven out of ten possible comparisons (one effect was significant). With 1·0 cwt. N/acre there were also seven of ten comparisons in favour of placement (three significant effects), but in two other comparisons broadcasting gave significantly higher yields. Placing potassium gave higher yields than broadcasting in sixteen out of twenty comparisons (six significant effects), in one of the remaining comparisons broadcasting potassium was significantly superior. Placing of the potassium and, to a lesser extent, the nitrogen components of a complete potato fertilizer is likely to be beneficial.3. In two experiments each on green peas and broad beans placing of phosphorus and potassium separately and together gave consistently higher yields than broadcasting these nutrients. When nitrogen was used in addition to phosphorus and potassium there were small gains in yield of broad beans provided the mixture was placed. There were no gains in yields of green peas from nitrogen however the mixture was applied.

scholarly journals Chemical Analysis of B stars within 9–11 kpc from the Galactic Center

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S265) ◽  
pp. 362-363
Author(s):  
Maria Isela Zevallos Herencia ◽  
Simone Daflon
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Thin Disk ◽  
Open Clusters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Galactocentric Distance ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Ob Stars ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Chemical Distribution

AbstractRadial gradients of metallicity are supported by observations of different young objects in the Galactic thin disk. The shape of the abundance distributions, however, is not completely constrained. Some works describe the abundance distributions as a function of the Galactocentric distance RG by linear fits with a single slope. On the other hand some analyses of open clusters, cepheids and OB stars suggest a discontinuity in the abundance distributions around RG=10 kpc. In this work we analyse a sample of 13 B stars members of four open clusters located within RG=9-11 kpc in order to better constrain the chemical distribution in this region of the disk.

INSULIN EFFECTS ON CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND PHOSPHATE METABOLISM IN RATS

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erling T. Mellerup
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Serum Phosphate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

ABSTRACT Serum calcium as well as serum magnesium increased after insulin administration to rats. The increase in serum calcuim was followed by a decrease, which did not occur in thyroid-parathyroidectomized animals. The increase in both serum calcium and magnesium may be secondary to a diminished uptake of calcium and magnesium into bone. On the other hand this may be secondary to a decreased uptake of phosphate into bone. The decreased uptake of phosphate into bone may be secondary to the decrease in serum phosphate, which is a well-known phenomenon after insulin administration. In addition to all these indirect effects, insulin directly increased the uptake of magnesium into muscle and probably also the liver, thus counteracting the increase in serum magnesium.

scholarly journals Soil and Leaf Nutritional Studies and Status of Healthy and Declined Mandarin Orchards

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Prashant Joshi ◽  
Dhiraj Kadam ◽  
Mayur Gawande ◽  
Vishal Maval
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The present investigation was carried out to determine soil and leaf nutritional status of some typical healthy and declined mandarin orchards of Amravati District (M.S) during 2016-19.Total twenty five representative surface and depth wise soil and leaf samples from healthy and declined mandarin orchards were collected and analyzed various nutrients in plant as well as leaf samples. The data analysis showed that total nitrogen content in healthy and declined mandarin orchards from surface soils varied from 0.045 to 0.093 % and 0.015 to 0.37% respectively. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of healthy orchards surface soils varied from 200.0 to 265.7 kg ha-1 , 22.0 to 35.3 kg ha-1 , 320.0 to 665.0 kg ha-1 and in declined orchards it varied from 130.4 to 203.5 kg ha-1 , 17.8 to 21.3 kg ha-1 , 360.0 to 744.4 kg ha-1 respectively. The exchangeable calcium and magnesium together constitute more than 80% of exchange complex. The exchangeable calcium, magnesium and sulphur content in healthy orchards surface soils varied from 26.34 to 30.22 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 11.71 to 16.92 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 0.27 to 0.90 kg ha-1 and in declined orchards it varied from 29.00 to 31.98 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 12.07 to 13.71 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 0.36 to 0.69 kg ha-1 respectively. Micronutrients status of orange orchards showed that available copper, zinc, iron and manganese in healthy orchards surface soils varied from 2.20 to 5.60 ppm, 0.50 to 0.79 ppm, 4.50 to 6.29 ppm, 12.61 to 18.11 ppm and in declined orchards it varied from 1.90 to 2.48 ppm, 0.35 to 0.46 ppm, 3.40 to 5.00 ppm, 8.10 to 12.24 ppm respectively. Findings revealed that total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, zinc and manganese content found more supporting in healthy orchards than declined ones. Depth wise distribution showed that total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus and copper showed decreasing trend with the soil depth. The leaf nutrient content in the plant showed that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in leaf of healthy orchards varied from 2.35 to 2.55%, 0.14 to 0.17%, 0.82 to 1.00% and in declined orchards it varied from 1.75 to 2.00%, 0.10 to 0.13%, and 0.84 to 1.70% respectively. Calcium, magnesium and sulphur content in healthy orchards varied from 3.00 to 3.90%, 0.60 to 0.74%, 0.21 to 0.19% and in declined orchards it ranged from 2.40 to 3.15%, 0.33 to 0.74%, and 0.19 to 0.23% respectively. Results pertaining to micronutrient showed that iron; manganese, copper and zinc in healthy orchards varied from 105.6 to 140.6 ppm, 21.72 to 34.62 ppm, 29.40 to 35.96 ppm, 30.45 to 39.18 ppm, and in declined orchards it varied from 70.66 to 100.00 ppm, 20.38 to 27.67 ppm, 21.72 to 26.05 ppm, and 17.24 to 25.00 ppm respectively. Results showed that a healthy orchard has significantly higher content of nutrient than declined orchards except potassium content

Nutrient Cycling in a Stand of Acacia holosericea A. Cunn. Ex G. Don. III. Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium and Potassium.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
. NP.J ◽  
MJ Dalling
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Acacia Holosericea ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Leaching Surface

Nutrient cycling by a 3-year-old Acacia holosericea plantation (1111 trees ha-1) was studied over a 13-month period. The gross accumulation of each nutrient in the various above-ground organs was calculated from the net increase over the study period plus the amounts lost by leaching and litterfall. Gross accumulation was greatest for calcium (22.4 kg ha-1), and potassium (18.8 kg ha-1), sodium (6.8 kg ha-1), followed by magnesium (5.2 kg ha-1). Biochemical recycling was greatest for calcium (10%) magnesium (8%), sodium (3%) and potassium (2%); however, this may be an overestimate as some of the apparent mobilization was undoubtedly due to leaching. Litter return accounted for 14% of the gross accumulation for potassium, 11% of magnesium, 10% of sodium and 9% of calcium. Litterfall accounted for 90% of the return of calcium to the soil and 75% of the return of magnesium. On the other hand, transfer in solution (leaching, surface wash) accounted for 88% of the return of sodium from the canopy to the soil and 59% of the return of potassium. Over the period 1 January 1979 to 28 February 1980 (total rainfall 2261 mm), the addition of nutrients in area precipitation was greatest for sodium (23.6 kg ha-1), followed by potassium (11.2 kg ha-1), calcium (6.8 kg ha-1) and magnesium (1.8 kg ha-1). Throughfall and stemflow increased the concentration of nutrients, such that the total nutrient addition to the soil was greatest for sodium (28.8 kg ha-1) followed by potassium (15.0 kg ha-1), calcium (7.0 kg ha-1) and magnesium (2.0 kg ha-1). These additions to the soil are significant in relation to the gross accumulation of these elements by Acacia holosericea.

Evolution and differentiation of populations of Lotus corniculatus s.l. (Fabaceae) from the southern French Alps (Massif du Ventoux and Montagne de Lure)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2286-2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Reynaud ◽  
M. Jay ◽  
S. Blaise
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Diploid Population ◽  
French Alps ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Other Hand

A chemical analysis of the polyphenolic patterns of diploid and tetraploid populations of Lotus corniculatus s.l. (Fabaceae) growing in the southern French Alps showed that diploids from Mont Ventoux and from Montagne de Lure belong to the same chemotype. On the other hand, tetraploids showed two different chemotypes. This paper suggests the following hypothesis about the evolution of Lotus corniculatus in this area since the last glaciation: diploids could be derived from a relic diploid population scattered by glaciation and restricted within very narrow areas, whereas the tetraploids originating from the diiploids were more competitive and radiated into larger areas cleared from ice. Key words: Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil, Fabaceae, polyploidy, polyphenolic metabolism, evolution.

scholarly journals Secretion of cell-wall glycoproteins by yeast protoplasts. Effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose and cycloheximide

1970 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Farkaš ◽  
A. Svoboda ◽  
Š. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Yeast Protoplasts ◽  
Inhibitor Of Protein Synthesis

The effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose and cycloheximide on the synthesis and secretion of the cell-wall constituents protein and mannan in yeast protoplasts was examined in detail. Although the 2-deoxy-d-glucose hardly influenced protein synthesis, a significant parallel inhibition of carbohydrate and protein secretion into the medium was observed. The mechanism of this inhibition is considered as an interference of metabolites of 2-deoxy-d-glucose with the synthesis of yeast mannan. Cycloheximide, which is an effective inhibitor of protein synthesis in yeast (Kerridge, 1958), inhibited the secretion of non-diffusible carbohydrate in yeast protoplasts, but on the other hand had no effect on the activity of particulate yeast mannan synthetase. Our results clearly show that blocking the synthesis of either part of the mannan–protein complex prevents the extracellular appearance of the other component. The nature of this phenomenon is discussed.

scholarly journals First result of tartaric stabilization by adding mannoproteins (Mannostab™)

OENO One ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Moine-Ledoux ◽  
A. Perrin ◽  
I. Paladin ◽  
Denis Dubourdieu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
New Product ◽  
Model Solution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Crystallization Inhibitor ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

<p style="text-align: justify;">Some mannoproteins which are extracted by enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast's cell wall with the aid of commercial preparation composed with beta-glucanases (Glucanex™) inhihits the tartaric acid's salt breakdown in model solution as well as in wines for an addition between 10 and 25 g/hl. On the other hand, heat extracted mannoproteins arc inactive on the tartaric precipitation stabilization. Furthermore, the crystallization inhibitor activity of the enzymatic extracted mannoproteins is due to the presence of sharply glycosylated mannoproteins of mediummolecular weight (30 to 50 kda) which are not heat extracted. That is why the heat extracted mannoproteins are inactive. The enzymatic extracted mannoproteins are produced at a pilot plan. This preparation (Mannostab™), soluble in wines, colourless and without any flavour, stabilize with the same efficiency than a freeze treatment and this effective live is superior to the metatartric acid. Moreover, the necessary steps were been taked to permit experimentally this new product : Mannostab™</p>

scholarly journals Macronutrient and sodium content in maize plants under cassava wastewater fertilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana G. Magalhães ◽  
Mario M. Rolim ◽  
Anamaria de S. Duarte ◽  
Gerônimo F. da Silva ◽  
Egídio Bezerra Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Cassava Wastewater ◽  
Plant Shoots ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Different Doses

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the content of macronutrients and sodium in corn ( Zea mays) plants as a function of different doses of cassava wastewater and ages of the plants after emergence. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in pots with capacity for 25 dm3 of soil, using a 5 × 3 factorial design with four replicates. The studied factors were doses of cassava wastewater: 0; 12.6; 25.2; 50.4; 75.6 m3 ha-1, and plant age: 20, 40 and 52 days after emergence (DAE). Potassium, calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium and sulfur contents were evaluated in leaves and stalks. Nutritional deficiency of calcium was visible at 20 DAE. The increment in cassava wastewater doses increased N, P and K contents in plant shoots, but decreased Ca and Mg absorption. The contents of N, P and K in the leaves and N in stalks at 20 DAE were higher than at 40 and 52 DAE. The highest contents of P and K in the stalks occurred at 40 DAE.

Seasonal variation in the nutrient composition of the foliage of pecan (Carya illinoensis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Cresswell ◽  
RJ Wickson
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
New South ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Leaves were sampled every 2 weeks throughout the 1980-81 and 1981-82 growing seasons from a commercial pecan orchard in New South Wales. Leaf concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were highest at leaf emergence and decreased with time. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium and boron were lowest early in the season and increased with time. There was no true seasonal pattern in leaf zinc which varied in apparent response to foliar zinc spray use. These trends were similar for the cultivars Witchita and Western Schley. Minimum seasonal variation in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, the main fertiliser nutrients, occurred between 1 February and 21 March. This period is therefore the most suitable for general diagnostic purposes such as the evaluation of fertiliser programs and surveys of crop nutrient status.

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