scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization of urea in the out-of-season corn

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1685-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Seron Pereira ◽  
Anabelisa Ferreira Leão ◽  
Adriana Verginassi ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Urease Activity ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Urease Inhibitors ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

The aim of this study was to evaluate the N losses due to volatilization at different rates of common urea, polymer coated urea and urease inhibitor-treated urea in the out-of-season corn, using semi-open static collectors. The treatments consisted of N levels on side-dressing fertilization with urea in different treatments: (a) control (without N), (b) urea 40 kg ha-1 N, (c) urea 80 kg ha-1 N, (d) polymer coated urea 40 kg ha-1 N, (e) polymer coated urea 80 kg ha-1 N and (f) urea with the urease inhibitor (UI) N 80 kg ha-1 N. The results showed that the treatments with polymer coated urea and with urease inhibitor-treated urea reduced the volatilization of N around 50 % compared to common urea, either in the first and the second N side-dressing fertilizations. Thus, they demonstrate that the polymer coat and the urease inhibitors were effective in reducing the volatilization of urea N applied in coverage, which resulted in higher productivity. There was also increasing urease activity in the treatments with application of common urea.

scholarly journals Urease Inhibitors Effects on the Nitrogen Use Efficiency in a Maize–Wheat Rotation with or without Water Deficit

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Raúl Allende-Montalbán ◽  
Diana Martín-Lammerding ◽  
María del Mar Delgado ◽  
Miguel A. Porcel ◽  
José L. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Urease Inhibitors ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
N Loss ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

The use of urease inhibitors in irrigated systems decreases both soil ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) availability, and, thus, could be an easy tool to reduce N loss due to ammonia volatilization and NO3− leaching. The main goal of this experiment was to assess the effect of urease inhibitors on N use efficiency, N losses, and their economic impact in a maize-wheat field experiment. In this study, 10 treatments were compared, combining the urea fertilizer with or without urease inhibitor, applied in one or two dressings, and under optimal or sub-optimal irrigation. A single application of urease inhibitor (IN1d), coupled with the conventional urea, helped to reduce the nitrate leaching risk both during the maize period (even when compared to the two dressing treatment) and after harvest. In addition, this improvement was achieved together with an increase in economic benefit, even when compared with the application of the same amount of regular urea split into two dressings. Under low water availability systems, the benefits of applying urease inhibitors increased with respect to the application of regular urea, making this technique a very promising strategy for adaptation to climate change in arid and semiarid regions.

Yield and chlorophyll index in cabbage in function of enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers and urea

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
J. J. Frazão ◽  
A. R. Silva ◽  
F. H. M. Salgado ◽  
R. A. Flores ◽  
E. P. F. Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
N Rates ◽  
And Control

The increase of the efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization promotes reduction of the applied dose and decreases the losses of nitrogen (N) to the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and the relative chlorophyll index (IRC) in cabbage crop under cover fertilization, using enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers, compared to urea, in variable doses. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3x4+1 factorial scheme (three sources, four rates and control), with four replications. The N sources used were: common urea (U), urea treated with urease inhibitor NBPT® (UN) and Kimcoat® polymer coated urea (UK). The N rates used were 0, 40, 80, 160 and 320 kg ha-1, divided in two fertilizations at 20 and 40 days after transplantation. Up to 160 kg ha-1 of N, there was no difference between N sources and N rates for both yield and RCI. The enhanced-efficiency N sources (UN and UK) promoted higher averages compared to common urea, possibly due to the higher N losses from common urea. Thus, the use of urease inhibitors or polymers associated with urea is a promising strategy to improve cabbage yield, as well as reducing N losses to the environment.

scholarly journals CONSEQUENCES OF Cu and Zn COATED UREA TO MINIMIZE AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Kalsoom Babar ◽  
Mohd Khanif Yusop ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed Babar ◽  
Aijaz Ali Khooharo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Cu And Zn

Nitrogen (N) losses from agricultural fields are commonly observed particularly from urea. The rate of urea hydrolysis is accelerated as it remains in conventional form and about 70% of applied urea losses in different forms to atmosphere. Ammonia volatilization is persuasive loss among all the losses from urea. Therefore to minimize ammonia (NH3) volatilization the micronutrient coated urea is applied to enhance N-efficiency and its uptake. This study is an application of micronutrient coated urea with zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) for two soil series of Malaysia. A laboratory experiment was designed according to the force draft technique for trapping the NH3 loss. The results have manifested that the rate of ammonia volatilization was 16% from uncoated urea and 8% from coated urea with micronutrients during the first two weeks of observations. After the six weeks of observations it was perceived that the ammonia losses for both soil series were gradually decreased with time. The mean comparison by using Tukey’s range test has shown the positive effect of micronutrient coated urea in comparison with the conventional urea. However the urea coated with the combination of both micronutrients Cu and Zn has shown significant difference in contrast to the coating urea with single micronutrient. The overall results revealed the efficacy of micronutrient coated urea on both of the soil series to maximize N-uptake and reduce NH3 volatilization.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ammonia volatilization losses by adjusted parameters of a logistic function

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Lima Campos do Vale ◽  
Rogério Oliveira de Sousa ◽  
Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Class ◽  
Soil Adsorption ◽  
Total Ammonia

The dynamics of N losses in fertilizer by ammonia volatilization is affected by several factors, making investigation of these dynamics more complex. Moreover, some features of the behavior of the variable can lead to deviation from normal distribution, making the main commonly adopted statistical strategies inadequate for data analysis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the patterns of cumulative N losses from urea through ammonia volatilization in order to find a more adequate and detailed way of assessing the behavior of the variable. For that reason, changes in patterns of ammonia volatilization losses as a result of applying different combinations of two soil classes [Planossolo and Chernossolo (Typic Albaqualf and Vertic Argiaquolls)] and different rates of urea (50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 N), in the presence or absence of a urease inhibitor, were evaluated, adopting a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial design with four replications. Univariate and multivariate analysis of variance were performed using the adjusted parameter values of a logistic function as a response variable. The results obtained from multivariate analysis indicated a prominent effect of the soil class factor on the set of parameters, indicating greater relevance of soil adsorption potential on ammonia volatilization losses. Univariate analysis showed that the parameters related to total N losses and rate of volatilization were more affected by soil class and the rate of urea applied. The urease inhibitor affected only the rate and inflection point parameters, decreasing the rate of losses and delaying the beginning of the process, but had no effect on total ammonia losses. Patterns of ammonia volatilization losses provide details on behavior of the variable, details which can be used to develop and adopt more accurate techniques for more efficient use of urea.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization and yield components after application of polymer-coated urea to maize

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1200-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Zavaschi ◽  
Letícia de Abreu Faria ◽  
Godofredo Cesar Vitti ◽  
Carlos Antonio da Costa Nascimento ◽  
Thiago Augusto de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
Spad Readings

A form of increasing the efficiency of N fertilizer is by coating urea with polymers to reduce ammonia volatilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polymer-coated urea on the control of ammonia volatilization, yield and nutritional characteristics of maize. The experiment was carried out during one maize growing cycle in 2009/10 on a Geric Ferralsol, inUberlândia, MG, Brazil. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied as topdressing on the soil surface in the following urea treatments: polymer-coated urea at rates of 45, 67.5 and 90 kg ha-1 N and one control treatment (no N), in randomized blocks with four replications. Nitrogen application had a favorable effect on N concentrations in leaves and grains, Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter readings and on grain yield, where as coated urea had no effect on the volatilization rates, SPAD readings and N leaf and grain concentration, nor on grain yield in comparison to conventional fertilization.

scholarly journals Nutritional status and fruit production of Carica papaya as a function of coated and conventional urea

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel B. da Silva Júnior ◽  
Eduardo M. dos Santos ◽  
Roberto L. Silva ◽  
Ítalo H. L. Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Sources ◽  
N Release ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

ABSTRACT As a strategy to minimize N losses in the soil, mineral N sources, such as polymer-coated urea, have been studied as possibility to increase the synchronization of N release by the fertilizer and its absorption by plants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the contents of macronutrients and the production of Formosa papaya as a function of sources and doses of N fertilizer applied as top-dressing in the region of Bom Jesus-PI, Brazil. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme corresponding to N sources (coated urea and conventional urea) and N doses (350, 440, 530 and 620 g plant-1 of N), with four replicates and four plants per plot. The contents of macronutrients in the leaf dry matter and fruit production were evaluated. The sources and doses of top-dressing N fertilization incremented the leaf contents of macronutrients and the production of Formosa papaya hybrid Caliman 01. Under the experimental conditions and based on the macronutrient contents considered as adequate for crop nutrition, associated with maximum fruit production (8.08 kg plant-1), the supply of 525 g of N plant-1 is recommended in the form of coated urea.

scholarly journals Performance of Urea-Based Fertilizers Associated With Elemental Sulfur or Polymers on Ammonia Volatilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Odirley Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Edson Marcio Mattiello ◽  
Wedisson Oliveira Santos ◽  
Reinaldo Bertola Cantarutti ◽  
Rafael Coca Cuesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
Urea Granules

High N-NH3 losses are expected when conventional urea is applied to the soil surface. In order to reduce it, urea granules could be coated with different materials to decrease fertilizer dissolution rate or to stabilize N-NH4+ by acidification. In this study, we investigated the effect of a polymer-coated urea and powdered S0 added to urea, in the presence or absence of a S-oxidizing bacterium (Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans), on soil pH, SO42- availability, NH4+, and NH3 volatilization. Applying S0 before urea and the inoculation with bacteria have promoted the highest S0 oxidation rates. The greater decrease in soil pH occurred when S0 was applied before urea at a higher dose, which also decreased NH3 volatilization by 83% up to 4 days after urea application. However, the decrease in soil pH did not increase the concentration of NH4+, nor did it decrease the accumulated amount of volatilized NH3 over time. The inoculation of A. thiooxidans accelerates S0 oxidation process, but it was insufficient to counteract the H+ consumption by urea hydrolysis. Therefore, the S0 application with urea did not offer chemical protection against NH3 loss, but a physical barrier in the controlled-release urea had less dissolved urea in soil and reduced NH3 losses.

Nitrogen source and rate effects on residual soil nitrate and overwinter NO3-N losses for irrigated potatoes on sandy soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chedzer-Clarc Clément ◽  
Athyna N. Cambouris ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Bernie J. Zebarth ◽  
Antoine Karam
Keyword(s):  
Potato Production ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

Residual soil NO3-N (RSN) is susceptible to loss during the non-growing season. This 5 yr study investigated the effects of three N fertilizer sources [ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium sulfate (AS), and polymer-coated urea (PCU)] applied at four rates (60, 120, 200, and 280 kg N ha−1) plus an unfertilized control on RSN following potato production and on overwinter NO3-N changes in an irrigated sandy soil in Quebec, Canada. Composite soil samples were collected at the 0–15, 15–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm depths immediately after potato harvest in fall and again in the following spring from 2008 to 2012. Residual soil NO3-N content within the 0–30 cm depth (RSN0–30) was highly correlated with the RSN content in the 0–90 cm depth (RSN0–90), indicating that RSN0–30 can be used as an indicator of soil profile NO3-N accumulation. Overall, RSN0–90 increased with fertilizer N application rate, particularly for above the minimum fertilizer N rate required to maximize yield (Nmax), and was generally higher for years with greater pre-plant soil NO3-N. The split application of AN and AS resulted in lower RSN0–90 than the single application of PCU at above Nmax. Overwinter losses of soil NO3-N were generally increased with increasing RSN0–90 in fall. The results suggest that reducing the fertilizer N rate is more important than the choice of N source in managing RSN.

scholarly journals Use of urease inhibitors to reduce ammonia volatilization in Amazonian soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Magalhães Barberena ◽  
Marcelo Curitiba Espindula ◽  
Larissa Fatarelli Bento de Araújo ◽  
Alaerto Luiz Marcolan
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Urease Inhibitors ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Southwestern Amazonia

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate urease inhibitors for the reduction of ammonia volatilization in Amazonian soils. The work was carried out on a clayey yellow Oxisol, a clayey red Oxisol, and on a light silty Ultisol. Each experiment was conducted in split plots, using standard urea, urea + a benzimidazole-type urease inhibitor (BZI1), urea + a benzoylthiourea-type urease inhibitor (RTB68), urea + N-(n-butyl) triamide thiophosphate (NBPT), or a fertilizer-free control. Volatilized ammonia was collected at 48, 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, and 384 hours after fertilization. Ammonia volatilization reached a maximum at 144 hours in the urea, urea + benzimidazole, and urea + benzoylthiourea treatments. A peak level was reached at 192 and 288 hours in the urea + N-(n-butyl) triamide thiophosphate treatment. In yellow Oxisols, benzimidazole and benzoylthiourea reduced the ammonia losses by 22 and 10%, respectively, in soils without urease inhibitors. However, neither of these agents significantly reduced ammonia volatilization at the rate determined for standard urea in red Oxisols or Ultisols. N-(n-butyl) triamide thiophosphate is the most efficient urease inhibitor for the soils of southwestern Amazonia.

scholarly journals Additives incorporated into urea to reduce nitrogen losses after application to the soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioná Rech ◽  
José Carlos Polidoro ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Pavinato
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Urease Inhibitors ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Volatilization ◽  
Urea Granules ◽  
Made In

Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop urea-based fertilizers with internal incorporation of urease inhibitors and other additives in the granule. The effects of the incorporation of NBPT, copper (Cu+2), boric acid (H3BO3), elemental sulphur (Sº), and a clay mineral from the zeolite group in powder urea - with ten different combinations of these additives - were evaluated as to N losses by volatilization and leaching. The losses in laboratory-developed formulations were compared with those of commercial fertilizers coated with the same additives (Super N, FH Nitro Mais, and FH Nitro Gold). The evaluations were made in greenhouse conditions, using a Ultisol accommodated in PVC columns. Nitrate and ammonium leaching was evaluated in the solution percolated through the soil columns. Ammonia volatilization was measured with a semi-open static chamber. The incorporation of urease inhibitors (NBPT, H3BO3, and Cu+2) into the urea granules was efficient to reduce N volatilization. Ammonia volatilization in the laboratory-developed ureas was lower than in commercial fertilizers coated with the same additives, while ammonium sulfate losses by leaching were similar. The addition of zeolite does not reduce N volatilization. Mineral N leaching in the soil profile is not affected by urease inhibitors.

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