scholarly journals Performance of Urea-Based Fertilizers Associated With Elemental Sulfur or Polymers on Ammonia Volatilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Odirley Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Edson Marcio Mattiello ◽  
Wedisson Oliveira Santos ◽  
Reinaldo Bertola Cantarutti ◽  
Rafael Coca Cuesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
Urea Granules

High N-NH3 losses are expected when conventional urea is applied to the soil surface. In order to reduce it, urea granules could be coated with different materials to decrease fertilizer dissolution rate or to stabilize N-NH4+ by acidification. In this study, we investigated the effect of a polymer-coated urea and powdered S0 added to urea, in the presence or absence of a S-oxidizing bacterium (Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans), on soil pH, SO42- availability, NH4+, and NH3 volatilization. Applying S0 before urea and the inoculation with bacteria have promoted the highest S0 oxidation rates. The greater decrease in soil pH occurred when S0 was applied before urea at a higher dose, which also decreased NH3 volatilization by 83% up to 4 days after urea application. However, the decrease in soil pH did not increase the concentration of NH4+, nor did it decrease the accumulated amount of volatilized NH3 over time. The inoculation of A. thiooxidans accelerates S0 oxidation process, but it was insufficient to counteract the H+ consumption by urea hydrolysis. Therefore, the S0 application with urea did not offer chemical protection against NH3 loss, but a physical barrier in the controlled-release urea had less dissolved urea in soil and reduced NH3 losses.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization and yield components after application of polymer-coated urea to maize

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1200-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Zavaschi ◽  
Letícia de Abreu Faria ◽  
Godofredo Cesar Vitti ◽  
Carlos Antonio da Costa Nascimento ◽  
Thiago Augusto de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
Spad Readings

A form of increasing the efficiency of N fertilizer is by coating urea with polymers to reduce ammonia volatilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polymer-coated urea on the control of ammonia volatilization, yield and nutritional characteristics of maize. The experiment was carried out during one maize growing cycle in 2009/10 on a Geric Ferralsol, inUberlândia, MG, Brazil. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied as topdressing on the soil surface in the following urea treatments: polymer-coated urea at rates of 45, 67.5 and 90 kg ha-1 N and one control treatment (no N), in randomized blocks with four replications. Nitrogen application had a favorable effect on N concentrations in leaves and grains, Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter readings and on grain yield, where as coated urea had no effect on the volatilization rates, SPAD readings and N leaf and grain concentration, nor on grain yield in comparison to conventional fertilization.

scholarly journals CONSEQUENCES OF Cu and Zn COATED UREA TO MINIMIZE AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Kalsoom Babar ◽  
Mohd Khanif Yusop ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed Babar ◽  
Aijaz Ali Khooharo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Cu And Zn

Nitrogen (N) losses from agricultural fields are commonly observed particularly from urea. The rate of urea hydrolysis is accelerated as it remains in conventional form and about 70% of applied urea losses in different forms to atmosphere. Ammonia volatilization is persuasive loss among all the losses from urea. Therefore to minimize ammonia (NH3) volatilization the micronutrient coated urea is applied to enhance N-efficiency and its uptake. This study is an application of micronutrient coated urea with zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) for two soil series of Malaysia. A laboratory experiment was designed according to the force draft technique for trapping the NH3 loss. The results have manifested that the rate of ammonia volatilization was 16% from uncoated urea and 8% from coated urea with micronutrients during the first two weeks of observations. After the six weeks of observations it was perceived that the ammonia losses for both soil series were gradually decreased with time. The mean comparison by using Tukey’s range test has shown the positive effect of micronutrient coated urea in comparison with the conventional urea. However the urea coated with the combination of both micronutrients Cu and Zn has shown significant difference in contrast to the coating urea with single micronutrient. The overall results revealed the efficacy of micronutrient coated urea on both of the soil series to maximize N-uptake and reduce NH3 volatilization.

scholarly journals Hygroscopicity and ammonia volatilization losses from nitrogen sources in coated urea

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 942-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia de Abreu Faria ◽  
Carlos Antonio Costa do Nascimento ◽  
Barbara Paquier Ventura ◽  
Gabriela Perissinotto Florim ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Cerqueira Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Hygroscopic fertilizers tend to absorb moisture from the air and may have undesirable characteristics such as moistness, clumping and lower fluidity, hampering the application. The increasing use of urea is due to its numerous advantages, although this nitrogen (N) source is highly susceptible to volatilization losses, particularly when applied to the soil surface of management systems with conservation of crop residues. The volatilization losses can be minimized by slow or controlled-release fertilizers, with controlled water solubility of the urea-coating materials; and by stabilized fertilizers, which prolong the period during which N remains in the amide or ammonia forms by urease inhibitors. This study evaluated the hygroscopicity of and ammonia volatilization from urea coated with boric acid and copper sulfate or with sulfur. The hygroscopicity of the sources was evaluated over time after exposure to five levels of relative humidity (RH) and volatilization evaluated after application to the soil surface covered with sugarcane trash. Ammonium nitrate has a low potential for volatilization losses, but is highly hygroscopic. Although coating with boric acid and copper sulfate or elemental sulfur reduced the critical humidity level of urea, the delay in the volatilization process is a potential positive factor.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization of urea in the out-of-season corn

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1685-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Seron Pereira ◽  
Anabelisa Ferreira Leão ◽  
Adriana Verginassi ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Urease Activity ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Urease Inhibitors ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

The aim of this study was to evaluate the N losses due to volatilization at different rates of common urea, polymer coated urea and urease inhibitor-treated urea in the out-of-season corn, using semi-open static collectors. The treatments consisted of N levels on side-dressing fertilization with urea in different treatments: (a) control (without N), (b) urea 40 kg ha-1 N, (c) urea 80 kg ha-1 N, (d) polymer coated urea 40 kg ha-1 N, (e) polymer coated urea 80 kg ha-1 N and (f) urea with the urease inhibitor (UI) N 80 kg ha-1 N. The results showed that the treatments with polymer coated urea and with urease inhibitor-treated urea reduced the volatilization of N around 50 % compared to common urea, either in the first and the second N side-dressing fertilizations. Thus, they demonstrate that the polymer coat and the urease inhibitors were effective in reducing the volatilization of urea N applied in coverage, which resulted in higher productivity. There was also increasing urease activity in the treatments with application of common urea.

NH3 volatilization, soil concentration and soil pH following subsurface banding of urea at increasing rates

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
Martin H. Chantigny ◽  
Marc-Olivier Gasser ◽  
J. Douglas MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Main Factor

Rochette, P., Angers, D. A., Chantigny, M. H., Gasser, M.-O., MacDonald, J. D., Pelster, D. E. and Bertrand, N. 2013. NH 3 volatilization, soil [Formula: see text] concentration and soil pH following subsurface banding of urea at increasing rates. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 261–268. Subsurface banding of urea can result in large ammonia (NH3) emissions following a local increase in soil ammonium ([Formula: see text]) concentration and pH. We conducted a field experiment to determine how application rates of subsurface banded urea impact NH3 volatilization. Urea was banded at a 5 cm depth to a silty loam soil (pH=5.5) at rates of 0, 6.1, 9.2, 13.3 and 15.3 g N m−1. Ammonia volatilization (wind tunnels), and soil [Formula: see text] concentration and pH (0–10 cm) were monitored for 25 d following urea application. Volatilization losses increased exponentially with urea application rate to 11.6% of applied N for the highest urea rate, indicating that as more urea N was added to the soil a larger fraction was lost as NH3. Cumulative NH3-N emissions were closely related (R 2≥0.85) to maximum increases in soil [Formula: see text] concentration and pH, and their combined influence likely contributed to the nonlinearity of the volatilization response to urea application rate. However, the rapid increase in NH3 losses when soil pH rose above 7 suggests that soil pH was the main factor explaining the nonlinear response of NH3 volatilization. When compared with previous studies, our results suggest that the response of NH3 volatilization losses to urea application rate in acidic soils are controlled by similar factors whether urea is broadcasted at the soil surface or subsurface banded.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization losses from urea coated with copper, boron, and selenium

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Letícia de Abreu Faria ◽  
Felippe Hoffmann Silva Karp ◽  
Marcos Canto Machado ◽  
Adibe Luiz Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Urea coated with copper and boron may be a vehicle for selenium fertilization in grazing systems to improve both forage and animal productivity, and consequently, the nutritional quality of milk and meat. Urea is the most often used form of N fertilizer in Brazil; however, it can experience high losses by volatilization, primarily in pastures with high amounts of senescent biomass. The goal of this study was to evaluate losses by ammonia volatilization from urea coated with Cu, B, and Se. The fertilizer was applied to the soil surface under forage straw residues in cylindric glass chambers under controlled laboratory conditions. The treatments were urea (UR), urea coated with boric acid and copper sulfate (UBC), urea coated with boric acid, copper sulfate, and selenium (UBCS), and ammonium sulfate (AS). Measurements were recorded at regular intervals after fertilizer application for 27 days. High losses occurred from ammonia volatilization of amidic-N sources in the initial days after fertilizer application. The total loss of N by ammonia volatilization according to fertilizer treatment was UR > UBC = UBCS > AS. Urea lost by ammonia volatilization accounted for up to 50% of the N applied, although losses from coated urea treatments UBC and UBCS were 11.45% lower than that of urea. The Cu and B in the coated urea reduced losses by ammonia volatilization and the inclusion of Se had no effect. It is suggested that Se may be added to the Cu and B coating of urea to reduce ammonia volatilization.

scholarly journals Volatilization of ammonia in tropical soil with different moisture after application of polymer-coated urea

2020 ◽  
pp. 712-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Miyazawa ◽  
Luciano Grillo Gil ◽  
Antonio Costa ◽  
Roberto dos Anjos Reis Júnior ◽  
Íris Tiski
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Nitrogen fertilizer has a significant participation in the cost of agricultural production. It is less efficient agronomically and requires more studies to find strategies to be absorbed by crop. Polymer-coated urea is an alternative for the production of increased efficiency fertilizers. Validation of this technology should be performed for safe adoption in agriculture. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the nitrogen losses by volatilization of ammonia and the nitrogen contents in the nitric (N-NO3-) and ammoniacal (N-NH4+) forms in the tropical soil after application of urea sources. Three greenhouse experiments with different soil moisture conditions were carried out after application of urea, urea treated with NBPT and urea coated with Policote polymer as treatments. Then volatilization of ammonia, N-NO3- and N-NH4+ contents in the soil was evaluated. The volatilization of ammonia was observed after using Policote-coated urea, which was similar to urea treated with NBPT. However, both of which were lower than that observed under urea application. In dry or very humid soil, the ammonia volatilization rate was low. The reduction of the volatilization of ammonia in the soil with Policote-coated urea was related on the humidity, whereas more effective when the conditions were more propitious to the volatilization of ammonia. The Policote-coated urea increased the content of N-NH4+ in the tropical soil compared to urea. The content of N-NH4+ in the soil was higher than N-NO3- after application of fertilizers due to the low organic matter content.

Preparation and Properties of Starch-Based Polymer Coated Urea Granules

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panfang Lu ◽  
Cong Jia ◽  
Yanfei Zhang ◽  
Yufeng Li ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
Urea Granules

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization and yield of corn fertilized with different nitrogen sources in the Brazilian semiarid

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadson de Menezes Santos ◽  
Bruno José Rodrigues Alves ◽  
Segundo Urquiaga ◽  
Edson Patto Pacheco ◽  
Inácio de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Coated Urea

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the use of different nitrogen fertilizers on N losses by NH3 volatilization and on the grain yield of a corn (Zea mays) crop grown in the semiarid region of the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Corn was managed under rainfed conditions and conventional tillage. The fertilization treatments were: sulfur-coated urea (SU) and organo-mineral-coated urea (OMU). Regular urea and ammonium sulfate (AS) were also included as a reference of N sources of high and low NH3-volatilization potential, as well as a control without N fertilization. The N sources were applied to the soil surface at a rate of 150 kg ha-1 N as side-dressing at the V5 growth stage of corn. The experiment was carried out in 2015 and repeated in 2016. Losses of N through NH3 volatilization differed among the N sources in the two study years, with AS presenting the lowest N losses and regular urea, the highest. In the area treated with OMU, losses by NH3 volatilization were consistently controlled, showing a reduction of 74 and 67% in relation to that of regular urea in both years. SU, however, only mitigated NH3-N losses in 2015, increasing them in 2016, compared with regular urea. Corn plant grain yield and N status, assessed by the index leaf, did not clearly reflect N losses by NH3 volatilization. For the semiarid of Sergipe, OMU is the best urea-based fertilizer to mitigate N losses by NH3 volatilization, and the use of AS is an alternative to increase corn yield and eliminate N losses as NH3.

Yield and chlorophyll index in cabbage in function of enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers and urea

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
J. J. Frazão ◽  
A. R. Silva ◽  
F. H. M. Salgado ◽  
R. A. Flores ◽  
E. P. F. Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
N Rates ◽  
And Control

The increase of the efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization promotes reduction of the applied dose and decreases the losses of nitrogen (N) to the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and the relative chlorophyll index (IRC) in cabbage crop under cover fertilization, using enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers, compared to urea, in variable doses. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3x4+1 factorial scheme (three sources, four rates and control), with four replications. The N sources used were: common urea (U), urea treated with urease inhibitor NBPT® (UN) and Kimcoat® polymer coated urea (UK). The N rates used were 0, 40, 80, 160 and 320 kg ha-1, divided in two fertilizations at 20 and 40 days after transplantation. Up to 160 kg ha-1 of N, there was no difference between N sources and N rates for both yield and RCI. The enhanced-efficiency N sources (UN and UK) promoted higher averages compared to common urea, possibly due to the higher N losses from common urea. Thus, the use of urease inhibitors or polymers associated with urea is a promising strategy to improve cabbage yield, as well as reducing N losses to the environment.

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