scholarly journals CONSEQUENCES OF Cu and Zn COATED UREA TO MINIMIZE AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Kalsoom Babar ◽  
Mohd Khanif Yusop ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed Babar ◽  
Aijaz Ali Khooharo

Nitrogen (N) losses from agricultural fields are commonly observed particularly from urea. The rate of urea hydrolysis is accelerated as it remains in conventional form and about 70% of applied urea losses in different forms to atmosphere. Ammonia volatilization is persuasive loss among all the losses from urea. Therefore to minimize ammonia (NH3) volatilization the micronutrient coated urea is applied to enhance N-efficiency and its uptake. This study is an application of micronutrient coated urea with zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) for two soil series of Malaysia. A laboratory experiment was designed according to the force draft technique for trapping the NH3 loss. The results have manifested that the rate of ammonia volatilization was 16% from uncoated urea and 8% from coated urea with micronutrients during the first two weeks of observations. After the six weeks of observations it was perceived that the ammonia losses for both soil series were gradually decreased with time. The mean comparison by using Tukey’s range test has shown the positive effect of micronutrient coated urea in comparison with the conventional urea. However the urea coated with the combination of both micronutrients Cu and Zn has shown significant difference in contrast to the coating urea with single micronutrient. The overall results revealed the efficacy of micronutrient coated urea on both of the soil series to maximize N-uptake and reduce NH3 volatilization.

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
LS Chapman ◽  
MBC Haysom ◽  
PG Saffigna

Trash conservation measures associated with burnt and green harvested cane, and minimum tillage, are being adopted by canegrowers. These new management systems pose questions about how to apply N fertilizers. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of fertilizer N uptake by the crop. Urea, labelled with 15N , was either broadcast or buried in three trash management systems: with and without trash after harvesting cane burnt, and with trash after harvesting cane green. The proportion of applied fertilizer-N recovered in a cane crop was 33% when labelled urea was buried, and 18% when broadcast. The presence of trash mulches from burnt or green harvested cane had negligible effects on the uptake of fertilizer-N. Of fertilizer-N applied, 25% was detected in soil 12 months after application, and there was no difference between burying and broadcasting urea. The fate of the lost fertilizer-N was not determined. Leaching did not appear to be a significant loss process in this gleyed podzolic soil, but ammonia volatilization probably occurred when urea was broadcast and it is suspected that denitrification accounted for the majority of the fertilizer-N losses.


1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Rubæk ◽  
K. Henriksen ◽  
J. Petersen ◽  
B. Rasmussen ◽  
S. G. Sommer

SUMMARYAmmonia volatilization and denitrification were measured in a ryegrass field in Denmark after direct injection and application with trail hoses of an untreated cattle slurry and an anaerobically digested slurry in late May-early June 1993 and 1994. Ammonia volatilization was measured using a windtunnel system for a period of 8 days after slurry application. Denitrification was measured for a period of 21 days after slurry application. In an adjacent field experiment, nitrogen-uptake (N-uptake) was determined in the first two cuts of the ryegrass harvested after slurry application. N losses through ammonia volatilization were larger in 1993 than in 1994 due to differences in climatic conditions. Ammonia volatilization was lowered substantially (47–72%), when slurry was injected compared with surface application. In 1993 the loss from surface-applied digested slurry was only 35% of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), while the loss from the raw slurry was 47%. There were no significant differences in ammonia volatilization from the two slurry types in the other experiments. N losses through denitrification were low (< 2% of TAN), but there were clear differences in the losses, depending on slurry type, application method and experimental year. Injection of the slurry gave a larger N-uptake in the first cut of grass compared to the trail-hose application. In 1993 N-uptake from the digested slurry treatment gave significantly larger N-uptake compared to the raw slurry in the first cut.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Odirley Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Edson Marcio Mattiello ◽  
Wedisson Oliveira Santos ◽  
Reinaldo Bertola Cantarutti ◽  
Rafael Coca Cuesta ◽  
...  

High N-NH3 losses are expected when conventional urea is applied to the soil surface. In order to reduce it, urea granules could be coated with different materials to decrease fertilizer dissolution rate or to stabilize N-NH4+ by acidification. In this study, we investigated the effect of a polymer-coated urea and powdered S0 added to urea, in the presence or absence of a S-oxidizing bacterium (Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans), on soil pH, SO42- availability, NH4+, and NH3 volatilization. Applying S0 before urea and the inoculation with bacteria have promoted the highest S0 oxidation rates. The greater decrease in soil pH occurred when S0 was applied before urea at a higher dose, which also decreased NH3 volatilization by 83% up to 4 days after urea application. However, the decrease in soil pH did not increase the concentration of NH4+, nor did it decrease the accumulated amount of volatilized NH3 over time. The inoculation of A. thiooxidans accelerates S0 oxidation process, but it was insufficient to counteract the H+ consumption by urea hydrolysis. Therefore, the S0 application with urea did not offer chemical protection against NH3 loss, but a physical barrier in the controlled-release urea had less dissolved urea in soil and reduced NH3 losses.


2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1685-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Seron Pereira ◽  
Anabelisa Ferreira Leão ◽  
Adriana Verginassi ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro

The aim of this study was to evaluate the N losses due to volatilization at different rates of common urea, polymer coated urea and urease inhibitor-treated urea in the out-of-season corn, using semi-open static collectors. The treatments consisted of N levels on side-dressing fertilization with urea in different treatments: (a) control (without N), (b) urea 40 kg ha-1 N, (c) urea 80 kg ha-1 N, (d) polymer coated urea 40 kg ha-1 N, (e) polymer coated urea 80 kg ha-1 N and (f) urea with the urease inhibitor (UI) N 80 kg ha-1 N. The results showed that the treatments with polymer coated urea and with urease inhibitor-treated urea reduced the volatilization of N around 50 % compared to common urea, either in the first and the second N side-dressing fertilizations. Thus, they demonstrate that the polymer coat and the urease inhibitors were effective in reducing the volatilization of urea N applied in coverage, which resulted in higher productivity. There was also increasing urease activity in the treatments with application of common urea.


Author(s):  
Saima Kalsum Babar ◽  
Naheed Akhtar Talpur ◽  
Aijaz Ali Khooharo

The concentration of Cu (Copper) and Zn (Zinc) decreases upon flooded conditions of rice soil. To assess the effects of flooding and application of Cu and Zn coated urea on changes in Eh, pH and solubility of Cu and Zn, a glasshouse experiment was conducted at Universiti Putra Malaysia. Rice plants (30 days old seedlings of type MR-219) on two soils (riverine and alluvium and marine alluvium) were transplanted. Nine treatments with variable rates and combinations of Cu and Zn coated urea were applied. The sources of fertilizers were copper sulfate and zinc sulfate. Eh values decreased with flooding time in both soils. The changes of Eh values were more negative in control treatments and stabilized after 3 weeks of submergence. The Eh variation was not observed affectively in the treated soils however, soil pH increased with flooding time. During the 3rd week of submergence, pH was neutral (pH 7.0). In both soils, Cu and Zn treated soil showed lower Eh and higher pH values as compared to untreated soil. Concentration of Cu and Zn in soil solution decreased with flooding. The higher Cu and Zn contents in soil were recorded in treated soils. Reduced solubility of Cu and Zn in control soils was related to larger changes in Eh and pH values. Mean comparison with Tukey’s HSD (Honest Significant Difference) test showed that Cu and Zn solubility decreased with decreased Eh and increased pH in the soil solution (p < 0.05%).


2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek E. Hunt ◽  
Shabtai Bittman ◽  
Hongjie Zhang ◽  
Rita Bhandral ◽  
Cynthia A. Grant ◽  
...  

Little is known about nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from silage corn (Zea mays L.). Studies have shown that controlled-release N fertilizers have the potential to reduce N2O emissions, compared with conventional N fertilizers. This 2-year field study compared N2O emissions from urea fertilizer and a slow-release polymer-coated urea (CRU) applied to silage corn on soils managed with conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT). The study was conducted on a silty loam soil in the cool, moist climate of south coastal British Columbia, Canada, taking year-around measurements from static chambers. Over 2 study years there was a significant interaction between N sources and tillage methods; under CT there was no significant difference between CRU and urea (557 vs. 447 g N2O-N ha−1 year−1, respectively), but under ZT, emissions from CRU were significantly higher than from urea (968 vs. 381 g N2O-N ha−1 year−1, respectively). Annual emissions of N2O-N ranged from 0.09 to 0.65% of applied N fertilizer. The CRU also had significantly greater emissions than urea per unit N uptake and plant yield under ZT, while there was no significant difference between N sources under CT. The results do not indicate that NO3− release from broadcast CRU matches corn growth or reduces emission of N2O.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1921
Author(s):  
Ayaz Ahmad ◽  
Shahzada Sohail Ijaz ◽  
Zhenli He

Global use of urea nitrogen (N) fertilizer is increasing, but N losses are still very high (40–70%). Zeolites have the capability of holding NH4+, thus reducing N losses when applied as a soil amendment. However, application of a large quantity of zeolite is costly and inconvenient. In this study, zeolitic fertilizers were evaluated to select the best formulation with reduced leaching of NH4-N and NO3-N and NH3 volatilization in agricultural soils (Alfisol and Spodosol). The treatments included the following: T0 = control, T1 = urea fertilizer, T2 = zeo-urea (1:1), T3 = zeo-urea (2:1), T4 = zeo-urea (3:1), T5 = zeo-urea (1:2), and T6 = zeo-urea (1:3). Leaching was performed at 4, 8, 12, 19, 25, 32, 39 and 45 days after the soils were treated with the designated fertilizers, including control, and packed into columns. Leachate samples were collected after each leaching event and analyzed for the concentrations of NH4-N and NO3-N and the quantity of leachate. Ammonia volatilization was recorded at days 1, 5, 9, 13 and 20 of soil treatments. Results indicate that zeolitic fertilizer formulations effectively reduced N losses. NH4-N loss was reduced by 13% and 28% by zeo-urea (1:1) in Alfisol and Spodosol soils, respectively, whereas zeo-urea (2:1) and zeo-urea (3:1) effectively decreased NO3-N leaching in Alfisol. Volatilization loss of NH3 was reduced by 47% in Spodosol and 32% in Alfisol soil with zeo-urea (1:1) as compared with that of urea fertilizer. The results suggest that zeo-urea (1:1) is an effective fertilizer formulation for reducing N losses, especially in Alfisol, as compared with conventional urea fertilizer.


Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Alexia Morello da Silva Cascaldi ◽  
Rogério Teixeira de Faria ◽  
Luiz Fabiano Palaretti ◽  
Miquéias Gomes dos Santos ◽  
João Alberto Fischer Filho ◽  
...  

VOLATILIZAÇÃO DE AMÔNIA PROVENIENTE DE UREIA PROTEGIDA EM BRAQUIÁRIA IRRIGADA*     ALEXIA MORELLO DA SILVA CASCALDI1; ROGÉRIO TEIXEIRA DE FARIA1; LUIZ FABIANO PALARETTI1; MIQUÉIAS GOMES DOS SANTOS1; JOÃO ALBERTO FISCHER FILHO2 E JAIRO OSVALDO CAZETTA3   1Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) – Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane, s/n, Vila Industrial, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais – Unidade Frutal, Av. Professor Mário Palmerio, 1001, Bairro Universitário, 38200-000, Frutal, MG, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) – Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane, s/n, Vila Industrial, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] *O artigo foi gerado a partir da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor.     1 RESUMO   O nitrogênio é essencial para as culturas, entretanto seu aproveitamento está sujeito a perdas no sistema solo-planta-atmosfera. Assim, alguns compostos têm sido utilizados com o propósito de reduzir essas perdas, aumentando a eficiência dos fertilizantes nitrogenados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da utilização do estabilizante de nitrogênio NZone Max® sobre as perdas de N por volatilização de amônia e lixiviação de nitrato, em cultivo de Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. O experimento foi conduzido em Jaboticabal - SP e os tratamentos consistiram em 4 lâminas de irrigação (0,20; 0,40; 0,60 e 0,80 da evapotranspiração de referência), com adição ou não de estabilizante de nitrogênio à ureia aplicada.  O delineamento experimental foi em faixa com parcela subdividida, com lâminas na parcela e estabilizante na subparcela, com 4 repetições. Foram medidos: taxa de volatilização de amônia, teores de nitrato, amônio, N-total e valores de pH e condutividade elétrica da solução do solo. A taxa de volatilização de amônia atingiu um máximo no terceiro dia após a adubação. Nesse momento, a menor lâmina apresentou a maior taxa de amônia volatilizada, enquanto que a maior lâmina foi a de menor volatilização. Não foi observado efeito significativo do NZone Max® nas variáveis analisadas.   Palavras-chave: nitrogênio, irrigação, pastagem, Urochloa brizantha.     CASCALDI, A. M. S.; FARIA, R. T.; PALARETTI, L. F.; SANTOS, M. G.; FISCHER FILHO, J. A.; CAZETTA, J. O. AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION FROM COATED UREA IN IRRIGATED BRACHIARIA CROP           2 ABSTRACT   Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for crops, however its use is subject to many losses in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Thus, some compounds have been used for the purpose of reducing these losses, increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of NZone Max® nitrogen stabilizer on N losses through ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching, in an Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu crop. A field experiment was carried out in Jaboticabal – SP, and treatments consisted of 4 irrigation depths (0.20, 0.40, 0.60 and 0.80 of the reference evapotranspiration), with and without nitrogen stabilizer added to applied urea. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot strip design, with irrigation depths in the plot and stabilizer in the subplot, with 4 replications. The following variables were measured: ammonia volatilization rate, nitrate, ammonium, N-total, pH ​​and electrical conductivity of the soil solution. The volatilization rate of ammonia reached the highest values on the third day after fertilization. At that moment, the lower irrigation depth presented a higher rate of volatilized ammonia, while the higher depth presented the lowest volatilization. There was no significant effect of NZone Max® for the analyzed variables.   Keywords: nitrogen, irrigation, pasture, Urochloa brizantha.


Author(s):  
Wadson de Menezes Santos ◽  
Bruno José Rodrigues Alves ◽  
Segundo Urquiaga ◽  
Edson Patto Pacheco ◽  
Inácio de Barros ◽  
...  

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the use of different nitrogen fertilizers on N losses by NH3 volatilization and on the grain yield of a corn (Zea mays) crop grown in the semiarid region of the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Corn was managed under rainfed conditions and conventional tillage. The fertilization treatments were: sulfur-coated urea (SU) and organo-mineral-coated urea (OMU). Regular urea and ammonium sulfate (AS) were also included as a reference of N sources of high and low NH3-volatilization potential, as well as a control without N fertilization. The N sources were applied to the soil surface at a rate of 150 kg ha-1 N as side-dressing at the V5 growth stage of corn. The experiment was carried out in 2015 and repeated in 2016. Losses of N through NH3 volatilization differed among the N sources in the two study years, with AS presenting the lowest N losses and regular urea, the highest. In the area treated with OMU, losses by NH3 volatilization were consistently controlled, showing a reduction of 74 and 67% in relation to that of regular urea in both years. SU, however, only mitigated NH3-N losses in 2015, increasing them in 2016, compared with regular urea. Corn plant grain yield and N status, assessed by the index leaf, did not clearly reflect N losses by NH3 volatilization. For the semiarid of Sergipe, OMU is the best urea-based fertilizer to mitigate N losses by NH3 volatilization, and the use of AS is an alternative to increase corn yield and eliminate N losses as NH3.


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