scholarly journals High coffee population density to improve fertility of an oxisol

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Antonio Pavan ◽  
Júlio César Dias Chaves ◽  
Rubens Siqueira ◽  
Armando Androcioli Filho ◽  
Arnaldo Colozzi Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Coffee Tree ◽  
Tree Population ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Extractable P

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) population densities on the chemical and microbiological properties of an Oxisol. The work was carried out on soil samples of 0-20 cm depth originated from an experimental site which had been used for coffee tree spacing studies during 15 years, in Paraná State, Brazil. Eight coffee tree populations were evaluated: 7143, 3571, 2381, 1786, 1429, 1190, 1020, and 893 trees/ha. Increasing plant population increased soil pH, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, extractable P, organic carbon, moisture content and coffee root colonization by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and decreased exchangeable Al and microbial biomass. Such results were attributed to better erosion control, improved plant residue management and nutrient cycling, and decreased leaching losses. Increasing coffee tree population per unit of area has shown to be an important reclamation recuperation strategy for improving fertility of the acid soils in Paraná, Brazil.

scholarly journals Gypsum incubation tests to evaluate its potential effects on acidic soils of Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 9349-9359
Author(s):  
Jorge Enrique Cuervo-Alzate ◽  
Nelson Walter Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soils ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Ag Addition ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Low Solubility

Tropical soils are characterized by acidity and poor plant nutrient availability, limiting their agricultural productivity. These soils are commonly amended with lime, but its low solubility impairs its effectiveness to enhance soil fertility. The use of gypsum has gained attention among farmers due to its higher solubility and mobility in the soil, local accessibility, and low price. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of Agricultural Gypsum (AG) addition on ten Colombian acid soils that had poor fertility and contrasting their physical and chemical characteristics. Surface (0-20 cm) soil samples were air-dried, sieved (<2 mm), and transferred into plastic vases, 40 g (dry base) per vase. Increasing rates of gypsum were added by duplicate: 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 g kg-1. Then, the soils were incubated for two weeks and watered to maintain 50% of their maximum water holding capacity. Soil pH, Al+3, Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, S-SO4-2, and P-H2PO4-2 were measured using standard methods. The results showed that AG addition significantly (P<0.05) increased soil exchangeable Ca+2-K+, Ca+2 saturation, S-SO4-2 concentration, and exchangeable Al+3, particularly with doses above 4.0 g kg-1. In contrast, soil Al+3 saturation, P-H2PO4-2 and pH significantly decreased as the AG doses increased, while soil exchangeable Mg+2 levels were not significantly affected. The use of gypsum incubation tests could be promissory for its effects on soil amelioration associated mainly to increase soil exchangeable Ca2+ and S-SO 42- and to decrease Al3+ saturation.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Promoting Alfalfa Growth in Acid Soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Huang ◽  
Yuji He ◽  
Yanjun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dual Inoculation ◽  
Amf Inoculation

High concentrations of soil Al3+ in acid soil severely influence the growth of Medicago sativa (alfalfa). The objective of the current study was to analyze whether Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) inoculation could improve alfalfa growth in acid soils. A two-way completely randomized factorial design was employed for M. sativa and M. lupulina (black medick) with two inoculations (rhizobia and AMF) and three Al3+ levels, and replicated four times. The soil Al3+ levels were adjusted to 900 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 1100 mg/kg. Spores of AMF were isolated directly from rhizosphere soils of black medick. The rhizobia were isolated from root nodules in fields separately from two plant species. At each Al3+ level, there were four inoculations, non-inoculation, AMF solely, rhizobia solely and dual-inoculation with AMF and rhizobia. Soil Al3+ concentration significantly limited above- and below-ground growth of both alfalfa and black medick, reducing plant height, branching number, shoot and root weight, and root length, surface area and volume. Compared to rhizobia, AMF showed a higher tolerance to soil Al3+. AMF inoculation increased the shoot and root weight of both plant species under most circumstances. Overall, AMF colonization had a trend in increasing the contents of phosphorus in both plant species at all Al3+ concentrations but not nitrogen and potassium. Dual inoculation significantly increased nodulation ability, enabling both plant species to form nodules at 900 and 1000 mg/kg Al3+. Though the soil Al3+ concentration influenced the efficiency of AMF inoculation, AMF inoculation improved nodulation, increased plant growth and nutrient uptake, suggesting that it was an alternative way in improving alfalfa growth in acid soils.

Effects of native vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate fertilizer on red clover growth in acid soils

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Sainz ◽  
J. Arines
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

SummaryThe effect of P applications and native vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) on the growth and P nutrition of red clover plants was studied in two acid hill soils with similar edaphic characteristics.Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were compared under sterilized soil conditions. Plant growth increased on P addition in both soils, but the effect of mycorrhiza in improving drymatter production and P uptake was significant only in one of the soils. Fourteen and twenty-five mg/kg Olsen-P were needed in this soil to obtain the same yields by mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants, respectively. Results are explained in terms of a different effectiveness of the two fungal populations, and the possible effect of the soil sterilization process on percentage VAM infection is discussed.

An examination of some acid soils at Batlow, New-South-Wales

Soil Research ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
IP Little
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soils ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Clay Suspensions

This paper has two components. Firstly it evaluates a set of data for the apple-growing soils of the Batlow district. Secondly it makes some comments on the use of silver thiourea for the determination of exchangeable Al and Mn and the estimation of exchangeable Al by titration of 1 M KCl suspensions. A group of 21 profiles from soils used for apple-growing in the Batlow District were examined in the laboratory. It was found that many of the soils were very acidic, especially in the subsoil. Dilute CaCl2 extracted as much as 50 �g g-1 of Al and considerable exchangeable Al was extracted by silver thiourea. Exchangeable Ca levels were usually adequate for plant growth, hence low levels in apple fruit may reflect the adverse effect of Al on Ca uptake by the plant. Potassium levels were low and may be marginal in some cases and Mg tended to be low in the surface. Principal component analysis showed 77% of the variation in the data was accounted for by three independent components, one involving pH, exchangeable Ca and Al, one involving K and Mg and one involving exchangeable Mn. It was demonstrated that silver thiourea does not replace Al as effectively as the basic exchangeable cations. Also, thiourea reduces Mn so that low values will be obtained for exchangeable Al in soils with much easily reducible Mn because of the increase in pH that accompanies reduction. Silver thiourea appears to overestimate exchangeable Al in some soils with very low cation exchange capacity. Titration of clay suspensions in 1 M KCl is a satisfactory and reliable way of measuring exchangeable Al that also enables an assessment of pH-dependent charge. The method used by the USDA Soil Survey Staff, viz. equilibration of soil samples with 1 M KCl for 16 h, filtration, and determination of Al also gives reproducible results and is taken as the standard. Successive leaching with portions of 1 M KCl tends to give low values for exchangeable Al.

The effect of soil acidity on potentially mobile phosphorus in a grassland soil

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. MCDOWELL ◽  
P. C. BROOKES ◽  
N. MAHIEU ◽  
P. R. POULTON ◽  
A. E. JOHNSTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Change Point ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Park Grass Experiment

This study compared phosphorus (P) speciation and the relationship between bicarbonate extractable (Olsen) P and 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable P (a measure of potentially mobile P) in soils from plots of the Park Grass experiment started in 1856 at IACR-Rothamsted, UK and with and without nitrogen as (NH4)2SO4 and with and without calcium carbonate (CaCO3, lime). A point, termed the change point, was noted in Olsen P, above which 0.01 M CaCl2-P increased at a greater rate per unit increase in Olsen P than below this point. Previous findings have shown a change point for soils with a pH>5.8 at 56 mg Olsen P/kg and at 120 mg Olsen P/kg for soils below this pH. Soils given (NH4)2SO4 annually since 1856 and with lime periodically since 1903 mostly had a pH between 3.7 to 5.7, some of these (NH4)2SO4 treated soils were limed to pH 6.5 and above from 1965. Irrespective of their pH in 1991/92 all the soils had a similar change point (120 mg Olsen P/kg) to that found for other soils with pH<5.8 (112 mg Olsen P/kg). In a laboratory study lasting 30 days, the addition of CaCO3 to acid soils from the field experiment that had received (NH4)2SO4 had a similar change point to soils with pH<5.8 irrespective of pH, suggesting soil P chemistry was controlled by the long period of soil acidity and this was not reversed by a short period at a higher pH. The effect of pH was attributed to the creation of P sorptive surfaces on aluminium precipitates compared with less acidic soils (pH>5.8) where there was less exchangeable Al to be precipitated. This was confirmed with solid-state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, which indicated that for soils of similar total P concentration and pH, there was twice as much amorphous Al-P in soils given (NH4)2SO4 compared with those without. Changes in pH as a result of applications of (NH4)2SO4 or lime can greatly change the concentration of potentially mobile P due to the effects on Al solubility. Although there was less potentially mobile P in soils with pH<5.8 than in soils above this pH, it is usually advised in temperate regions to maintain soils about pH 6.5 for arable crops.

Reduction of the available phosphorus pool in field soils growing maize genotypes with extensive mycorrhizal development

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
A. A. Elmi ◽  
T. Zhang ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Available P ◽  
Extraradical Hyphae ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a large enhancing effect on the P uptake capacity of host plants, which could make possible the production of high crop yields on soil with reduced level of available P, or could help reduce the P level in rich soils, thereby reducing the risk of P loss to the environment. A field experiment was conducted in Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, on a loamy sand in 1997 and a fine sandy loam in 1998 to assess the impact of indigenous AMF-maize hybrid combinations on soil available P level. The experiment had three factors organized in a split-split plot design. There were two soil fumigation levels (fumigated and non-fumigated) randomized in the main plots, three P fertilizer rates (0, 60, and 120 kg ha-1) randomized in the sub-plots and three maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids with contrasting genotypes [two newly developed leafy hybrids, Leafy normal stature (LNS) and Leafy reduced stature (LRS), and a commercial hybrid, Pioneer 3979 (P3979)], which were randomized in the sub-sub-plots. Soil extractable P, plant P content, plant dry mass, root colonization with AMF and extraradical hyphae were determined at the 6-leaf, 10-leaf, tasselling and silking stages of maize, and grain yield and total P in maize were determined at harvest. Soil fumigation to reduce AMF and P fertilization reduced the amount of indigenous mycorrhizal development in maize hybrids. The growth of LNS, the most mycorrhizae-dependent hybrid, was more supressed by fumigation than the growth of the other two hybrids. When the soil P level was low, plant dry mass, grain yield and total P content of LNS were higher in the non-fumigated plots than in the fumigated plots. Fumigation had a significant but smaller influence on soil extractable P level than on plant P uptake and growth. Soil extractable P was lower in non-fumigated plots than in fumigated plots from silking to the end of the growing season in 1997, only in non-fertilized plots growing LNS. Extraradical hyphae density was positively correlated with maize P uptake and negatively correlated with soil extractable P. This suggested that soil extractable P can be reduced through AMF-enhanced plant P uptake when soil available P conditions and host plant genotype are favourable to mycorrhizal development, and when P uptake enhancement is large. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, maize hybrids, soil extractable P, P uptake, extraradical hyphae, root colonization, mycorrhizal dependency

Relative amounts of soluble and insoluble forms of phosphorus and other elements in intraradical hyphae and arbuscules of arbuscular mycorrhizas

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan H. Ryan ◽  
Margaret E. McCully ◽  
Cheng X. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Extractable P

Transport of phosphorus (P) into host plants and its release to root cells is an important function of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, relatively little is known about the forms and water solubilities of P compounds in specific locations in the intraradical fungal structures. We determined concentrations and solubility of P components in these structures in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Plants were grown in the field (colonised by indigenous AMF) or in the glasshouse (inoculated with Glomus intraradices). Mycorrhizas were cryo-fixed in liquid nitrogen immediately (control) or after treatments designed to destroy cell membranes and extract solubles. Thirty to 70% of total P in hyphae and 100% in arbuscules was not extracted. The unextracted proportion of P was higher in the inoculated plants suggesting an environmental effect. It is proposed that the large component of non-extractable P in the arbuscules is involved in the tight regulation of inorganic P release to the host cells. In control roots magnesium, potassium and P were present in hyphae in molar ratios 1 : 2 : 4, further evidence that this relationship may be universal for AMF, and that other P-balancing cations are present but undetectable by the analytical technique.

Screening and selecting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for inoculating micropropagated apple rootstocks in acid soils

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Renato Pereira Cavallazzi ◽  
Osmar Klauberg Filho ◽  
Sidney Luiz Stürmer ◽  
Paul T. Rygiewicz ◽  
Margarida Matos de Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Apple Rootstocks

Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

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