scholarly journals Analysis of the relationship intensity, duration, frequency of disaggregated daily rainfall in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de C. F. Damé ◽  
Claudia F. A. Teixeira-Gandra ◽  
Francisco A. Villela ◽  
Jacira P. dos Santos ◽  
Antoniony S. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Rainfall Occurrence ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Frequency Relationship

The intensity, duration, and frequency relationship (IDF) of rainfall occurrence may be done through continuous records of pluviographs or daily pluviometer values . The objective of this study was to estimate the intensity-duration-frequency relationships of precipitation, using the method of daily rainfall disaggregation, at weather stations located to the southern half of the state of Rio Grande do Sul; comparing them with those obtained by rain gauge records, in places considered homogeneous from the meteorological point of view. The IDF equation parameters were estimated from daily rainfall disaggregation data, using the method of nonlinear optimization. To validate the equations confidence indices and efficiency and the "t" Student test, among maximum intensity values obtained from the disaggregated daily rainfall durations of 10; 30; 60 min and 6; 12 and 24 h and those extracted from existing IDF equations. For all studied stations and return periods, the trust index values were regarded as "optimal", i.e., greater than 0.85. The maximal intensity of rainfall obtained by daily rainfall disaggregation have similarity with those obtained by relations IDF standards. Thus, the method constitutes a feasible alternative in obtaining the IDF relationships.

scholarly journals Intensity-Duration-Frequency relationships: stochastic modeling and disaggregation of daily rainfall in the lagoa Mirim watershed, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de C. F Damé ◽  
Claudia F. A. Teixeira-Gandra ◽  
Hugo A. S. Guedes ◽  
Gisele M. da Silva ◽  
Suélen C. R. da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Modeling ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Rainfall Occurrence ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Annual Maximum Daily Rainfall

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate information gain by using rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships, with data gathered within N+M years from seven rain gauge stations located in the Lagoa Mirim Watershed (South Atlantic basin). After N years of daily rainfall, the transition probabilities of a time homogeneous two-state Markov chain were defined to simulate rainfall occurrence, as well as gamma distribution to measure it; for that, daily rainfall series were composed of N+M years, with M being the generated series. The series were adjusted to Gumbel distribution, being used in annual maximum daily rainfall disaggregation for durations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 120, 360, 720 and 1440 min. Daily rainfall disaggregation was validated through IDF relationships taken from pluviograph records of N years and from N+M years, using the “t” test of relative mean squared error. We can infer that there was information gain using IDF relationships of rainfall occurrence when using N years of observed data and M years of generated data by stochastic modeling compared to those obtained from a composed series of N years.

scholarly journals Preliminary study on the case of black rain in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: A synoptic point of view

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1268
Author(s):  
Maicon Moraes Santiago ◽  
Gabriel Borges dos Santos ◽  
Iulli Pitone Cardoso ◽  
André Becker Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The South ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
South Of Brazil

Particles of soot from forest fires are transported by the wind, reaching distant locations and being deposited on the soil through precipitation, which clears the atmosphere, taking suspended particulate matter into its drops. The general circulation over South America indicates the possibility of soot from forest fires in the Amazon and Pantanal to be transported to southern Brazil. The event called “black rain” was observed in the period from 11 to 13 September 2020 at São Francisco de Assis City, in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), and so this work aims to analyze if there were any anomalies of the flow that favored the occurrence of this event, given that there was a large number of fires in this period. Through ERA5 reanalysis data and GOES-16 satellite images, it was observed that on the three days under study low-level flow to the south of Brazil was more intense than normal, with the Low Level Jet occurrences, and on days 12 and 13 such flow to the south was also observed at 500 hPa. The precipitation was due to the instability of an extended trough from the Northwestern Argentinean Low. Thus, it is believed that there was a contribution from circulation at low and mid levels in the occurrence of black rain over RS.

scholarly journals Heavy rainfall equations for Santa Catarina, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 2127-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro José Back ◽  
Alan Henn ◽  
José Luiz Rocha Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Region ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Annual Maximum Rainfall

Knowledge of intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships of rainfall events is extremely important to determine the dimensions of surface drainage structures and soil erosion control. The purpose of this study was to obtain IDF equations of 13 rain gauge stations in the state of Santa Catarina in Brazil: Chapecó, Urussanga, Campos Novos, Florianópolis, Lages, Caçador, Itajaí, Itá, Ponte Serrada, Porto União, Videira, Laguna and São Joaquim. The daily rainfall data charts of each station were digitized and then the annual maximum rainfall series were determined for durations ranging from 5 to 1440 min. Based on these, with the Gumbel-Chow distribution, the maximum rainfall was estimated for durations ranging from 5 min to 24 h, considering return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, and 100 years,. Data agreement with the Gumbel-Chow model was verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, at 5 % significance level. For each rain gauge station, two IDF equations of rainfall events were adjusted, one for durations from 5 to 120 min and the other from 120 to 1440 min. The results show a high variability in maximum intensity of rainfall events among the studied stations. Highest values of coefficients of variation in the annual maximum series of rainfall were observed for durations of over 600 min at the stations of the coastal region of Santa Catarina.

scholarly journals Preliminary dragonfly (Odonata) species list from the Pampa biome in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with ecological notes for 19 new records for the State

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Renner ◽  
Eduardo Périco ◽  
Gerson Júnior Ely ◽  
Göran Sahlén
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Species List ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Biogeographical Region ◽  
Southern Half

Abstract An inventory of Odonata was carried out in the southern half of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the Pampa biome. Originally, this biogeographical region was covered mostly by open fields and grassland, with sections of higher vegetation surrounding water bodies and rocky hills. Today the landscape is fragmented due to agricultural activities, mainly cattle farming, rice crops and forest plantations. Our survey was conducted in three municipalities from this region, between March 2015 and April 2016. Aiming at a general overview of the species composition, our sampling sites were selected on a wide basis, including lakes, bogs, temporary water bodies, small streams and river sections. Eighty two species of Odonata were collected comprising 40 genera and seven families. The dominant families were Libellulidae (56,1%), Coenagrionidae (24,5%) and Aeshnidae (7,3%). We found a diverse odonate assemblage, adding 19 new species records for the state of Rio Grande do Sul.

scholarly journals Determinação de equações de chuvas intensas para a encosta superior do nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e83
Author(s):  
Taison Anderson Bortolin ◽  
Clauber Corso ◽  
Ludmilson Abritta Mendes ◽  
Alan De Gois Barbosa ◽  
Vania Elisabete Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Gumbel’S Distribution ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship intensity, duration and frequency is very important for the hydraulic project’s development, mainly in regions where there is no study updated data. This paper objective was to determine the intensity-duration-frequency curves at Rio Grande do Sul hillside, in order to provide tools for hydraulic structures design and hydrological studies in the region. For the return periods 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 and 100 - year precipitation determination was used Gumbel’s and log-normal statistical distributions, using the Rain Relationship Duration Method for 20 rainfall stations. For Gumbel’s distribution data adherence verification, was used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov adhesion tests and Chi-Square adhesion, with, 5% significance level. The general IDF equation coefficients a, b, c and d were obtained through non-linear regression and the adjustment quality was measured by both determination coefficient and standard error. Different intense rainfall curves were obtained with the methodology applied, for the region, each one shows a good parameters adjustment, important tool for extreme precipitations estimating.

scholarly journals O Recurso Extraordinário 795.567/PR: análise dos fundamentos do Acórdão em face da natureza jurídica da Transação Penal

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Everton Luis Comoreto ◽  
Karin Milene Bender ◽  
Paulo Eduardo De Almeida Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Consent Decree ◽  
Resolution Method ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
De Se

O Recurso Extraordinário 795.567/PR: análise dos fundamentos do Acórdão em face da natureza jurídica da Transação PenalThe Extraordinary Appeal 795,567/PR: analysis of the grounds of judgment from the perspective of the Criminal Consent Decree legal nature Everton Luis Comoreto[1]Karin Milene Bender[2]Paulo Eduardo de Almeida Vieira[3] RESUMO: O instituto da Transação Penal foi analisado sob o ponto de vista de sua natureza jurídica e os efeitos produzidos. Além disso foram analisados brevemente alguns conceitos básicos acerca a definição e origem do instituto da Transação.  Por fim, analisou-se de maneira também breve algumas teorias acerca da Jurisdição, em especial a voluntária, a fim de melhor conceituar a transação, em sentido amplo, como método autocompositivo de solução de litígios. Ainda, analisou-se as teorias acerca da ação penal e sentença condenatória para uma melhor percepção das suas diferenças para com o instituto da transação. Como finalização, utilizou-se os fundamentos expostos no Acórdão resultante do Recurso Extraordinário n. 795.567/PR, e que versou acerca da questão trazida inicialmente, isto é, a possibilidade ou não de se extrair os efeitos extrapenais da sentença homologatória da Transação Penal, confrontando-os com toda a teoria exposta, prevendo a possibilidade da sua utilização como precedente em julgamentos futuros referentes ao tema. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Transação Penal. Autocomposição. Direito Processual Penal. ABSTRACT: The institute of Criminal Consent Decree (Transação Penal) was analyzed from the point of view of its legal nature and the effects produced. In addition, some basic concepts on the definition and origin of this institute were briefly analyzed. Finally, some theories on Jurisdiction were also briefly analyzed, especially the non-contentious one, in order to better conceptualize the criminal consent decree, in a broad sense, as a alternative dispute resolution method. It was also briefly examined some theories about criminal prosecution and enforceable judgment for a better perception of their differences to the criminal consent decree. At last, the expressed grounds brought in the Extraordinary Appeal 795,567/PR judgment, which dealt with the question initially raised, namely, the possibility to apply the non-criminal effects of a criminal sentence to a criminal consent decree ratification, were confronted with all the theory exposed, facing the possibility of its use as a precedent in future trials concerning the theme. KEYWORDS: Criminal Consent Decree. Alternative Dispute Resolution.  Criminal Procedure.[1] Mestrando em Qualidade Ambiental pela Universidade Feevale, Rio Grande do Sul pela. Bacharel em Direito pela Universidade Feevale, Rio Grande do Sul, 2015.[2] Mestre em Geologia pela Universidade do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS, Rio Grande do Sul, 2003. Discente de Especialização em Direito Público na Fundação Superior do Ministério Público, Rio Grande do Sul.[3] Professor na Universidade Feevale, Rio Grande do Sul. Doutorando em Direito Público pela Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS, Rio Grande do Sul. Mestre em Direito pela Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS, Rio Grande do Sul, 2004.

Turnover in rural hospitality: the case of family rural properties in the southern half of Rio Grande do Sul

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Carina Mayer da Silva ◽  
Ana Roberta Trentin de Bittencourt ◽  
Eurico de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Lizbeth Souza-Fuertes
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Southern Half

scholarly journals A Influência da Inflexão Costeira na Variabilidade da Linha de Praia em Mostardas – RS

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIANO ABSALONSEN ◽  
ELÍRIO TOLDO JR
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Intermediate Section ◽  
North And South

Mostardas beach, with an approximate extension of 36 km, is located along the intermediate section of Rio Grande do Sul state's coastline; its north and south limits are São Simão beach and Mostardas lighthouse, respectively. At the northern portion of the beach, an anomalous depositional behavior is found, relative to most beaches along the state coast. The anomalous behavior observed at this beach strip is influenced by a nearly 11º change in beach orientation. Such inflexion makes the wave energy act differently in beach strips located north and south from the inflexion, as examined in both seasonal and annual scales. Within a given seasonal scale, the morphology will be shaped according to events that the beach was subjected to, leaving the beach surface even, low, and regular with the passage of storm events, and acquiring a greater sediment stock at its subaerial portion in low-sea conditions, thus marking this beach seasonality. Yearly variability, verified at an 8-year interval between monitoring conducted in 1997 and 2005, demonstrated that the southern half of this beach shows erosion in almost its totality. The pattern in the 17 km of the northern half is quite different, with a significant enhance of stability and depositional areas, 36.1 and 28.1 %, respectively, and a seaward progradation mean of 1.1 m/year. The northern half also shows progradation areas between 3 and 4 times longer than those found in previous researches made on the Rio Grande do Sul coast (Toldo et al., 1999; Esteves et al., 2002). Such behavior confirms that the coastal inflexion found at the place significantly contributes with the shoreline variability in Mostardas beach.

scholarly journals Relação entre o Multivariate Enso Index (MEI) e a TSM das regiões dos Niños com a precipitação em regiões homogêneas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Fábio Ziemann Lopes ◽  
Gilberto Barbosa Diniz ◽  
Júlio Renato Marques
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Meridional Wind ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Multivariate Enso Index ◽  
Enso Index

On Rio Grande do Sul the seasons of the year are well defined being felt, in its peculiar characteristics, in the winter, in the spring, in the summer and in the autumn. The pluviometric regime is quite regular and the precipitations are well distributed during all the year on the State. The Multivariate Enso Index (MEI) lacks of a study about its relations with the precipitation. It is a numeric index that integrates the action of different factors that characterize the phenomenon and that oscilate between positive values for the warm phase, the El Niño, and negative values for the cold phase, the La Niña. It considers, in its composition, the following variables: sea level pressure, zonal and meridional wind components at the surface, the Sea Surface Temperature (SST), the air temperature at the surface and a cloudiness indicator. This work had the objective to study the relations between the MEI and the SST of the Niño regions with the precipitations on Rio Grande do Sul State. For this, it were utilized total monthly data of precipitation from 40 meteorological stations of Rio Grande do Sul, bimonthly data of MEI and SST of the Niño regions for the period 1950 to 2002. The correlation coefficients between the precipitation of the Rio Grande Do Sul with the MEI and the regions of the Niños showed low values due to the fact of if using only the months of the beginning and end of the event. The MEI, although to be a more complex index of the methodologic point of view, it does not improve the coefficients of correlation with the precipitation of the State of the Rio Grande do Sul, and it always presents lesser or equal values to obtained when using the TSM of the regions of the Niños in the out/nov and nov/dez coupled of months. The MEI and the Niños regions 3 and 3.4 present the highest correlation coefficient with the Rio Grande do Sul State precipitation for the bimonths oct/nov and nov/dec.

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