scholarly journals S-metolachlor efficacy on the control of Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis, and Panicum maximum in mechanically green harvested sugarcane

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Correia ◽  
F.J. Perussi ◽  
L.J.P. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of S-metolachlor applied in pre-emergence conditions for the control of Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis, and Panicum maximum in sugar cane mechanically harvested without previous burning of the crop (green harvest) with the crop residue either left or not on the soil surface. The experiments were established in the field according to a randomized complete block design with four repetitions in a 7 x 2 split-plot scheme. In the plots, five herbicide treatments were studied (S-metolachlor at 1.44, 1.92, and 2.40 kg ha-1, clomazone at 1.20 kg ha-1, and isoxaflutole at 0.188 kg ha-1), and two control treatments with no herbicide application. In the subplots, the presence or absence of sugar cane crop residue on the soil surface was evaluated. S-metolachlor efficacy was not hampered by either 14 or 20 t ha-1 of sugar cane crop residue on the soil surface. When sugar cane crop residue was covering the soil surface, S-metolachlor at a rate of 1.44 kg ha-1 resulted in weed control similar at their larger rates, where as without the presence of crop residue, S-metolachlor controlled B. decumbens, D. horizontalis, and P. maximum at the rates of 1.92, 1.44, and 1.92 kg ha-1, respectively. The herbicides clomazone and isoxaflutole were effective for the studied species, independently of the crop residue covering the soil surface. S-metolachlor caused no visible injury symptoms to the sugar cane plant. Clomazone and isoxaflutole caused visible injuries to the sugar cane plant. None of the herbicides negatively affected the number of viable culms m² or the culm height and diameter.

scholarly journals Mowing Associated to Chemical Control for Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton Stalk Destruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B.P. BRAZ ◽  
E.R. ANDRADE JR. ◽  
M. NICOLAI ◽  
R.F. LOPEZ OVEJERO ◽  
A.L. CAVENAGHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

ABSTRACT: Post-harvest cotton stalk control is mandatory in many cotton producing countries, and the major methods used for this practice are mechanical and chemical (glyphosate and 2,4-D as the most usual herbicides applied), or a combination of both. However, the adoption of glyphosate-resistant cotton varieties by growers have required the development of alternative chemical treatments. Six trials were conducted to evaluate systems combining mowing and chemical control of glyphosate-resistant cotton stalks. Experiments conducted in 2014 were installed in randomized complete block design with nineteen treatments and four replicates. In 2015, the experiments were also conducted in randomized complete block design with eleven treatments and four replicates. Herbicide treatments were applied after cotton stalk mowing. Cotton stalk control varied according to rainfall regime after herbicide application. A single herbicide application to stub regrowth plants did not provide acceptable efficacy in cotton stalk destruction, independently of the treatment used. The best options for glyphosate-resistant cotton stalk control consisted of 2,4-D application immediately after mowing, followed by sequential application of combinations of 2,4-D with flumiclorac, carfentrazone or imazethapyr.

scholarly journals HERBICIDE SELECTIVITY TO SIGNAL GRASS AND CONGO GRASS

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H.C. ANÉSIO ◽  
M.V. SANTOS ◽  
R.R. SILVEIRA ◽  
E.A. FERREIRA ◽  
T.G.S. BRAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport Chain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Signal Grass ◽  
Control Samples

ABSTRACT This study was conducted in order to evaluate the selectivity of signal grass and congo grass, submitted to post-emergence herbicide application. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions, in Diamantina, Minas Gerais state, and it was arranged in a randomized block design, with five replications. Treatments were set in factor scheme (8 x 2) + 2. Eight herbicides (nicosulfuron; clomazone; glyphosate; fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen; lactofen; fomesafen; fluazifop-p-butyl and mesotrione) were applied in doses recommended by the manufacturer on two fodder species: Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk (signal grass) and Brachiaria ruziziensis (congo grass); in addition, there were two control samples without herbicide application, for a total of 18 treatments. The evaluated herbicides showed less intoxication on signal grass when compared to congo grass. Nicosulfuron and glyphosate promoted higher intoxication on both species when compared to the other herbicides. Glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, mesotrione and nicosulfuron affected the ratio variable / maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) in both species, indicating an effect provided by these herbicides on the electron transport chain. Results demonstrated that signal grass and congo grass have higher susceptibility to glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, mesotrione and nicosulfuron. congo grass shows higher susceptibility to the studied herbicides when compared to signal grass.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY OF DESICCATED AND STORED AZUKI BEAN SEEDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
CÁSSIO JARDIM TAVARES ◽  
PATRÍCIA CARDOSO FERREIRA ◽  
ADRIANO JAKELAITIS ◽  
JULIANA DE FÁTIMA SALES ◽  
OSVALDO RESENDE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Azuki Bean ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Seed Health Test ◽  
Health Test

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of using different herbicides as desiccants in pre-harvest and the effects of storage on the physiological and sanitary quality of azuki bean seeds (Vigna angularis Willd). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in a split plot scheme, with four replications. Four herbicides were tested: paraquat (400 g a.i. ha-1), glufosinate ammonium (400 g a.i. ha-1), glyphosate (720 g a.i. ha-1), flumioxazin (30 g a.i. ha-1) and a control without herbicide application. In the subplots seed quality was tested in two evaluation periods: at harvest and six months after harvest. Desiccant was applied when the azuki beans were physiologically mature. We assessed the physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds using a vigour and seed health test. The use of glyphosate resulted in a higher incidence of abnormal seedlings and reduced size and weight of the seedlings. With paraquat and flumioxazin the physiological quality was maintained and there was reduced pathogen infestation in the seeds six months after harvest. Storage affected the physiological quality of the azuki bean seeds.

scholarly journals Optimization of Spray Fluid for Herbicide Application for Drones in Irrigated Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
C. Supriya ◽  
P. MuraliArthanari ◽  
R. Kumaraperumal ◽  
A. P. Sivamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Recommended Dosage ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design to screen the optimum spray fluid of herbicide application for drone based on visual toxicity and weed control efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.) during the summer season (March 2021) at eastern block farms of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Three herbicide treatments namely Atrazine, Tembotrione and 2, 4-D with recommended dosages, 75% and 125% as pre-emergence herbicides applied on 3 days after, early post-emergence herbicides applied on 15 days after sowing and post-emergence applied on 25 days after sowing respectively. Totally thirty treatments with different spray fluids such as 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, 80, 60, 40, 30 L ha-1 and 20 L ha-1 were replicated three times. The study revealed that T5- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 100 L of water ha-1),T6- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione–post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 80 L of water ha-1), T7- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 60 L of water ha-1) and T8- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 40 L of water ha-1) produced the best results with respect to phytotoxicity and weed control efficiency. Based on the results it was concluded that the application of spray fluid 80 L ha-1 was optimum for herbicide application through drones with recommended dosage pre emergence Atrazine 1 kg a.i ha-1 on 3 days after sowing – early post emergence Tembotrione 120 g a.i ha-1 on 15-20 days after sowing - post emergence 2, 4-D 1 kg a.i ha-1 on 30 - 35 days after sowing.

scholarly journals TEMPERATURA DO SOLO EM ÁREAS IRRIGADAS COM DIFERENTES COBERTURAS VEGETAIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kaique Augusto Poltronieri DONATONI ◽  
Lucas Estevam BIANCHO ◽  
Camila Fernandes F. APARECIDO ◽  
Jaqueline Bonfim de CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation

As irrigações suplementares e as cobertura dos solos com palhadas são as práticas de manejo mais utilizadas na agricultura brasileira. O método de irrigação adicional, além de suprir água nas vegetações e elevar a produtividade das culturas, reduz o aquecimento cotidiano na face superior da terra. O objetivo deste experimento é quantizar a temperatura de superfície desnuda com e sem irrigação, perante distintos coberturas vegetais. O ensaio foi realizado em Santa Fé do Sul - SP, com oito tratamentos e 4 repetições, avaliados a 20 cm de altura de cobertura foliar, o T1 = solo desnudo com irrigação, T2 = solo desnudo sem irrigação, T3 = solo com Brachiária decumbens com irrigação, T4 = solo com Brachiária decumbens sem irrigação, T5 = solo com Panicum máximum – Mombaça  com irrigação, T6 = solo com Panicum máximum – Mombaça  sem irrigação, T7 = solo com Capim Tifton 85 com irrigação e T8 = solo com Capim Tifton 85 sem irrigação, com quatro repetições de cada tratamento – utilizando delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC). O sistema com irrigação proporcionou melhores resultados, amenizando a amplitude das temperatura para os tratamentos, as coberturas vegetais obtiveram menores temperaturas e teores de umidade do que o solo desnudo e, no geral, as coberturas vegetais não se diferenciaram entre si.   SOIL TEMPERATURE IN IRRIGATED AREAS WITH DIFFERENT VEGETATION COVER   ABSTRACT The supplementary irrigation and the soil covered with haystack are the most used management practice in Brazilian agriculture. The additional irrigation method, besides supplying the vegetation with water and increasing productivity in cultures, decreases the everyday heating in the upper surface of the soil. The goal of this study was to measure the temperature, reduce the temperature in the unprotected surface with or without irrigation, before different vegetation cover. The essay was carried out in Santa fé do sul- SP, with eight treatments and 4 repetitions, assessed with 20 cm of leaf cover, T1= unprotected soil with irrigation, T2= unprotected soil without irrigation, T3= soil with Brachiária decumbens with irrigation, T4= soil with Brachiária decumbens without irrigation, T5= soil with Panicum máximum – Mombaça  with irrigation, T6= soil with Capim Tifton 85 without irrigation, with four repetitions in each treatment using randomized block design (RBD). The irrigation system provided the best results, mitigating the amplitude of the temperature for the treatments, the vegetation cover presented lower temperatures and moisture content than the unprotected soil, and in general, vegetation covers don’t differ from each other.   Keywords: Temperature variation. Conservative management. Soil protection.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL PROTECTOR IN DIRECT SOWING OF BARU INFLUENCING IN THE INITIAL GROWTH OF THE SEEDLINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Rogério Costa da Silva ◽  
Ana Paula Leite de Lima ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira de Lima ◽  
Guilherme Marchesini Trevizani ◽  
João Batista Leite Junior
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Direct Sowing

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of using physical protectors on the emergence and initial growth of Baru seedlings in a direct sowing system. The experiment was installed in a randomized complete block design, testing the use of physical protectors (no protection, P0; plastic cup (500 mL) without the bottom, P1; laminated wood, P2), with 12 repetitions. Weekly soil temperature monitoring was carried out in the morning and in the afternoon in the period between 14 and 56 days after sowing (DAS). Daily emergence follow-up was also performed, and the stem diameter, total height and number of leaves were measured at 81 DAS. The use of physical protectors in the direct seeding of Baru interfered in the soil surface temperature on the sowing point, on the seedling emergence speed index, seedling survival, stem diameter and seedling height. Implementing protectors slowed the seedling emergence speed, however it provided higher percentages of emergence, survival and greater growth in diameter and height.

scholarly journals FARINHA DE CARNE E OSSOS E ADUBAÇÃO DE COBERTURA NA PRODUTIVIDADE DE CAPIM MOMBAÇA

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Rubson Da Costa Leite ◽  
Rubens Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Robson Da Costa Leite ◽  
Jefferson Santana da Silva Carneiro ◽  
Álvaro José Gomes de Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Commercial Sources

Apesar do resíduo de frigorífico ser abundante em nutrientes, em especial elevado teor de fósforo da farinha de carne e ossos, faz necessário a avaliação desse produto em comparação a outras fontes comerciais. Objetivou-se avaliar componentes de produção e produtividade do capim Mombaça em função de diferentes fontes fosfatadas e ausência de adubação de cobertura. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os 36 tratamentos foram obtidos numa combinação fatorial (3x6x2), sendo três fontes de fertilizantes fosfatados (Superfosfato simples, Basifós e Farinha de carne e osso) e seis doses de adubação fosfatada (0; 35; 70; 140; 210; 280) kg ha-1 de P2O5 e a aplicação ou não da adubação de cobertura de nitrogênio e potássio (100 kg de ureia; 60 kg de cloreto de potássio e 0 kg ha-1 de adubação de cobertura). Foram avaliados altura de plantas, perfilhamento e massa seca da parte aérea do capim Mombaça. A fonte alternativa farinha de carne e ossos promoveu acréscimo na altura de plantas, número de perfilhos e massa de forragem em capim Mombaça, mesmo quando comparada com diferentes fontes comerciais.Palavras-chave: adubação, resíduos de frigorífico, Panicum maximum. MEAT AND BONE MEAL AND COVER FERTILIZATION ON MOMBASA GRASS PRODUCTIVITY ABSTRACT: Although the refrigerator residue is abundant in nutrients, in particular high phosphorus content of meat and bone meal, it is necessary to evaluate this product in comparison to other commercial sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and productivity components of the Mombasa grass as a function of different phosphate sources and absence of cover fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The 36 treatments were obtained in a factorial combination (3x6x2), with three sources of phosphate fertilizers (Superphosphate simple, Basifós and Meat and bone meal) and six doses of phosphate fertilization (0; 35; 70; 140; 210; 280) kg ha-1 of P2O5 and the application or not of nitrogen and potassium fertilization (100 kg of urea, 60 kg of potassium chloride and 0 kg ha-1 of cover fertilization). Plant height, tillering and dry mass of the aerial part of the Mombasa grass were evaluated. The alternative source of meat and bone meal promoted an increase in plant height, number of tillers and forage mass in Mombasa grass, even when compared to different commercial sources.Keywords: fertilizer, slaughterhouse waste, Panicum maximum.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MULCHING MATERIALS AND RATE OF APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L. )

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Saidat Adeola Abdul Azeez ◽  
Christopher Olu Adejuyigbe ◽  
Wasiu Babatunde Bello ◽  
Tolulope Olaoluwa Fawole
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Main Factor

Field trials were conducted at University Organic–Agriculture farm, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta in 2011 to determine the response of different mulching materials on growth and yield of okra. It was a 3x3 factorial laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with the main factor as the plant material Chromolaena odorata (CO) Glycine max (GM) and Panicum maximum ( PM) while rate ( 0, 5 and 10t/ha) of mulching materials were applied once before the first cropping was the sub-factor and all were replicated three times. Data were collected on growth parameters and yield attributes of okra (NHAE- 47-4) at first and second planting. The parameters assessed were significantly influenced (P <0.05) by the mulching material and rate of application. Higher values for plant height ( 56.3cm and 60.7cm ) , number of leaves ( 22 and 22) and stem girth (1.5cm and 2.1cm) at 16 weeks after planting (WAP) were obtained during the first and second planting from CO application of 10t/ha. Although, the higher number of flowers ( 14 and 21), number of pods ( 29 and 21) and weight of pods/plant (0.51kg and 0.44kg) were derived from PM when 10t/ha was used at 16 WAP during both plantings. Thus, optimum okra yield were obtained with application of 10t/ha of plant residues, therefore, mulching with PM residues at 10t/ha is recommended for high fruit yield of okra in the region of investigation.

scholarly journals Chemical control of signalgrass in alfalfa crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Coelho Dias ◽  
Márcia Vitória Santos ◽  
Fabiana Lopes Ramos de Oliveira ◽  
Evander Alves Ferreira ◽  
José Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Tiller Density

The use of herbicides to control grass in Medicago sativa (alfalfa) pastures is still incipient. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of fluazifop-p-butyl in the control of Brachiaria decumbens (signalgrass) in alfalfa. Thus, randomized block design was used, with seven doses of fluazifop-p-butyl (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 g ha-1), and four replications. Herbicide application was performed when the plants had about 20 cm height. Chlorophyll fluorescence, control of signalgrass and alfalfa toxicity were evaluated at 7, 15 e 30 days after application (DAA) and, at 45 DAA and 45 days after cut (DAC), both species were cut and tiller density, as well as branches and dry matter of forage species, were determined. Fluazifop-p-butyl does not affect the integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus of alfalfa plants, due to high tolerance to this mechanism of action presented by dicotyledonous species. However, signalgrass had physiological variables negatively affected by the herbicide, indicating the presence of physiological stress, even at the lowest doses of the product. The dose of 50 g ha-1 of fluazifop-p-butyl is effective in controlling signalgrass, without causing physiological and growth damage in alfalfa plants.

scholarly journals Comparison of Tegra and Conventional Rice Cultivation in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
AKMS Islam ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
ABMZ Rahman ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
YJ Kim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Tegra practice (healthy seedling, mechanical transplanting, herbicide application and advisory services), as a new concept in commercial rice cultivation, needs to be evaluated with farmer’s practices in our country. This study was conducted in the farmers’ field during Aman 2013 and Boro 2013-14 seasons in Bogra district. In each season, six farmers within one kilometer radius were selected to conduct this study. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two treatments namely farmer’s practices (FP) and Tegra practices (TP) were used in the experiment. Self-propelled four rows walking-type rice transplanter was used to transplant seedling in TP. Seedlings were raised in plastic tray to use in mechanical transplanter. The mat seedlings were ready to transplant when attained 3-4 leaves and 10-12 cm height. Mechanical transplanting found faster than manual transplanting. Missing/floating hill observed insignificant in mechanically transplanted field. Fuel consumption of mechanical transplanter obtained 4.5 L/ha. Tender aged seedling was used in TP and seedling age was higher in FP than TP. Plant height followed the similar trend in both the practices. Tillering ability obtained the highest in TP than FP. TP produced significantly higher (14-23%) grain yield in both seasons. The total cost of production, gross return, gross margin and BCR obtained the highest in TP. BCR showed 5-13% higher in TP than FP in both the seasons due to higher grain and straw yield. The economic analysis clearly revealed the profitability of TP over FP in both the seasons.Bangladesh Rice j. 2016, 20(1): 33-43

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