scholarly journals Occurrence of weed species in Jatropha curcas intercropping systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Concenço ◽  
C.J. Silva ◽  
I.V.T. Correia ◽  
J.A.N. Silva ◽  
S.A. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Crop Rotation System

This study aimed to evaluate the level of infestation by weed species in a consolidated Jatropha plantation, as a function of the plant species grown in interrows. The experiment was installed in 2006 at the district of Itahum, city of Dourados, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, made possible through a partnership between Embrapa Western Agriculture and Paraiso Farm. Treatments consisted of (1) Jatropha in monocrop, with no plant at the interrrows; or the following plants cultivaded at the interrows of Jatropha: (2) Stylosanthes spp.; (3) Brachiaria ruziziensis; (4) Brachiaria ruziziensis + Stylosanthess pp.; (5) Brachiaria humidicola; (6) Panicum maximum cv. massai; (7) Cajanus cajan cv. anão; (8) Crotalaria spectabilis; (9) Crop rotation system 1 - (maize second crop -Crambe abyssinica - soybean - peanut); and (10) Crop rotation system 2 - (cowpea - radish - maize - cowpea) conducted for two years. Phytosociological characterization of weed species was accomplished in 2011 based on the Ecological Approach. Estimations of relative abundance, frequency, dominance and Importance Value Index were obtained. Areas were also characterized by the diversity coefficients of Simpson and modified Shannon-Weiner, and then grouped by cluster analysis. Areas with low soil coverage resulted in higher infestation levels; crop rotation in the interrows of Jatropha produced a significant reduction in weed infestation, but the lowest infestation levels were observed when grasses were grown intercropped with Jatropha. Lower diversity coefficients were associated with occurrence of the most troublesome weed species. In the first years after planting Jatropha, species of Brachiaria or a crop rotation involving species with high mulching ability and whose biomass exhibit a high C:N ratio, should be established in the interrows to avoid problems with weeds infestation.

FERTILIZATION SYSTEM AS A WAY OF SOIL FERTILITY AND STABILIZATION OF FIELD CROP ROTATION PRODUCTIVENESS

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽  
E. T. Naumchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers in the crop rotation system. It was found that the application of the mineral fertilizer system increased the value of hydrolytic acidity of the soil from 4,30 to 5,29 mg-eq per 100 g of soil, the indicator of metabolic acidity decreased from 5,2 to 4,9 pH units. By the end of the 11th rotation for both fertilizer systems, the content of mobile phosphorus increased by more than 4 times relative to the initial value, its mobility indicator – by 2,2-3,2 times compared with the control. The use of the organo-mineral system was accompanied by an increase in the content of humus by 0,35 % and a decrease in the C:N ratio from 11,2 to 8,9. The increased productivity of wheat was revealed when applying nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers against the background of prolonged use of the mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer system. The change in wheat productivity by 56 % depended on the content of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, humus in the topsoil, and on the phosphate ion mobility. Soybean productivity depended on soil fertility indicators only by 24 %: the relationship between soybean productivity and the mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus is weak and direct, between productivity and P2O5 mobility - weak and inverse, with humus - moderate and direct.

scholarly journals Infestation of weed species in pre-planting of soybean in succession to winter crops

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Concenço ◽  
C.J. Silva ◽  
M. Tomazi ◽  
I.V.T. Correia ◽  
N.C.D.S. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
One Year ◽  
Multivariate Cluster

This study aimed to evaluate different crops and plant species planted after soybeans for one year, in terms of their potential to inhibit the occurrence of weed species. The following crops that were planted as second crop after soybeans were evaluated: (1) corn (Zea mays) planted at spacing of 90 cm between rows, intercropped with Brachiaria ruziziensis in the inter-rows; (2) sunflower (Helianthus annuus); (3) crambe (Crambe abyssinica); (4) radish (Raphanus sativus); (5) rapeseed (Brassica napus); and (6) winter fallow - no plantation after soybeans. Phytosociological characterization of weed species was carried out at the pre-planting of soybeans in the following cropping season. Estimations of relative abundance, relative frequence, relative dominance and Importance Value Index were made for each species present. Areas were also intra-characterized by the diversity coefficients of Simpson and modified Shannon-Weiner, and areas were compared using the Jaccard similarity coefficient for presence-only, by multivariate cluster analysis. In the short‑term (a single cropping season), cultivation of winter crops do contribute for lower occurrence of weed species at the pre-planting of soybeans on the subsequent cropping season. The suppressive effects depend both on the species grown in the winter and in the amount of straw left on the soil by these winter crops. Radish was more efficient in inhibiting the occurrence of weed species and rapeseed showed composition of infestation similar to that observed at the area under fallow.

The fate of urea nitrogen applied to a vegetable crop rotation system

2015 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Ding ◽  
Shiqing Li ◽  
Yushu Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxia Hu ◽  
Xiangzhou Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Crop Rotation System

scholarly journals Nematode parasite eggs in pasture soils and pigs on organic farms in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Lindgren ◽  
Stefan Gunnarsson ◽  
Johan Höglund ◽  
Cecilia Lindahl ◽  
Allan Roepstorff
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Pasture Contamination ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Minor Extent

AbstractThe EU regulation for organic pig production requires outdoor access to promote the animal welfare. This may increase the risk of infection of the common pig parasites, Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis, because their eggs can survive for many years in the soil. The egg contamination of these parasites in outdoor areas with different managements and the faecal egg output from the pigs was investigated on 11 Swedish organic pig farms in 2008. We found eggs of A. suum and, to a minor extent, T. suis in the soil from outdoor areas, which had previously been used for pig rearing and/or for spreading of pig manure. Piglets and their dams were turned out on pastures included in a crop rotation, and these areas had a mean of 2500 A. suum and 40 T. suis eggs per kilogram soil. When the pigs were 12-week-old, the faecal egg counts (FECs) of A. suum were positively correlated with the egg concentration in pasture soils before pig turnout. The areas used by dry sows had a mean of 11,700 A. suum and 220 T. suis eggs per kilogram soil. The highest egg concentrations in the soil were found in areas, frequently used by pigs in the most recent years. To minimise pasture contamination with parasite eggs, it is advised to have a crop rotation system and to inactivate parasite eggs in pig manure before spreading it. Parasite control needs further development to protect suckling piglets from infections due to environmental parasite egg contamination.

Production and profitability of crop rotation systems in southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2541-2541
Author(s):  
Lutécia Beatriz dos Santos Canalli ◽  
◽  
Gustavo Vaz da Costa ◽  
Bruno Volsi ◽  
André Luís Mendes Leocádio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
System Control ◽  
Economic Profit ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Different Levels

Crop rotation is one of the pillars of conservation agriculture. This practice has offered a series of advantages in terms of improving soil physical, chemical, and biological conditions. These advantages result in yield increases for all economic crops involved in the rotation systems and may also reduce production costs. In this context, the aim of this study was to compare the profitability of crop rotation systems with different levels of crop diversification. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments included one less diversified crop rotation system (control) with soybean and wheat and four more diversified crop rotation systems (involving three or more species), including soybean, wheat, black oats, maize, canola, barley, blue lupine, white oats, beans, radish, triticale, rye, hairy vetch, and sorghum, under no-tillage conducted during a three-year cycle. Analyses were conducted considering productivity, operating cost, and economic profit. The highest accumulated gross yields were obtained in the more diversified crop rotation systems. The results show that the more diversified crop rotation systems were more profitable. When the opportunity cost was included, the most diversified crop rotations presented greater economic feasibility. The less diversified crop rotation system presented a negative economic profit. The crop rotation systems including beans presented the highest economic profit.

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