scholarly journals A Rapid Phenotyping Method for Imazamox Resistance in Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BRECCIA ◽  
M.B. BISIO ◽  
L. PICARDI ◽  
G. NESTARES
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Argentine Pampas

ABSTRACT: The availability of imidazolinone (IMI) resistant cultivars has provided an effective option for weed control in wheat production systems. IMI herbicides control several weeds, including Avena fatua and Lolium multiflorum, which are the most frequent grass weeds in wheat crops of the Argentine Pampas. The aim of this study was to develop a soil-less method that allows rapid phenotyping of IMI resistance in wheat. Nine wheat cultivars differing in IMI resistance were evaluated through a between-paper germination method. Herbicide concentrations required to reduce shoot and root length by 50% for resistant cultivars were > 75 fold that of the susceptible cultivars. The response of resistant and susceptible commercial cultivars was assessed in the between-paper and top-paper methods at 100 mM imazamox as discriminating dose. The Z’-factor was calculated for evaluation of the quality of the screening methods. Both germination methods showed Z’-factors > 0 indicating that the assays were appropriate but the between-paper method allowed to save space in the growth chamber. The germination methods were useful for distinguishing between susceptible and resistant plants carrying at least one resistance gene. The rapid, simple and cost-effective method described in the present study could be a potential tool when selecting for IMI resistance in wheat in breeding programs.

scholarly journals A Prospectus for Inclusion: Project study for a potential education solution for Syria’s Persons with Disability (PwDs)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar AlMustafa ◽  
Ahmad Alashkar
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Project Study ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
Access And Quality

The article proposes an innovative solution to the problems in the access and quality of STEM concepts education to Persons Living with Disability (PwD) in Syria. A project management-based approach is detailed below for a cost-effective method to be implemented by non-governmental organizations or public agencies.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Home Care for Stroke Patients Compared to Hospital Care: A Systematic Review

Health Scope ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Khoramrooz ◽  
Asra Asgharzadeh ◽  
Saeide Alidoost ◽  
Zeynab Foroughi ◽  
Saber Azami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
The Cost

Context: Stroke is one of the main causes of premature death and disability, imposing significant costs on the healthcare system, especially due to expensive hospital care. Home care service is one of the interventions used in the last two decades to reduce the cost of services provided for stroke patients in different countries. Objectives: The present study aimed to systematically review studies related to the economic evaluation of home care compared to hospital care for stroke patients. Data Sources: A search was conducted between January 1990 and January 2021. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched systematically. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to select the studies. Data Extraction: To evaluate the quality of studies included in this systematic review, Drummond’s ten-item checklist was used. Results: Five economic evaluation studies were included in this review. The included studies reported different results regarding the effect of home care on improving different indicators and the cost-effectiveness ratio of home care to hospital care. Most previous studies reported that home care is a more cost-effective option for improving many indicators, such as physical function and quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and for reducing mortality and institutionalization, compared to hospital care. Conclusions: Home care is a more cost-effective option than hospital care for stroke patients with regard to some indicators, such as the Barthel index for Activities of Daily Living, Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), quality of life, mortality, and institutionalization. However, there are some exemptions to this conclusion. Due to limitations, such as heterogeneity of interventions in the existing studies, different levels of patients’ disabilities, different perspectives toward economic evaluation, and differences in the healthcare systems of countries, further research is needed according to the context of each country based on clinical trials.

scholarly journals Diverse Approaches to Herbicide-Resistant Weed Management

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (SP1) ◽  
pp. 570-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheal D. K. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Complexity Cost

Herbicides have been the principal means of weed control in developed countries for approximately 50 yr because they are the most cost-effective method. Such general use of herbicides has resulted in weed resistance to herbicides, which continues to be a growing problem. Within the past decade, the evolution of resistance to the once-dominant herbicide glyphosate has resulted in major concerns about the future ability to control weeds in many crop systems. Moreover, many weed species have evolved resistance to multiple mechanisms of herbicide action. Given the dearth of new herbicides with novel mechanisms of action, it appears inevitable that weed management programs will need to be supplemented by the use of tactics other than herbicides. However, the inclusion of more diversity for weed management also introduces complexity, cost, and time constraints to current crop production systems. This paper describes broadly the considerations, opportunities, and constraints of diverse weed management tactics to address the burgeoning problems with herbicide resistance.

Measuring the Equivalent Series Resistance of the Low Impedance Electrolytic Capacitors in Pulsed Current State

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Xu Fei Wang ◽  
Kai Xie ◽  
Teng Li ◽  
Zhong Qun Li ◽  
Rong Bin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Series Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Pulsed Current ◽  
Equivalent Series Resistance ◽  
Circuit Implementation ◽  
Electrolytic Capacitors ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cost Effective Method

A cost-effective method for quickly evaluating the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of electrolytic capacitors is proposed. This approach has the ability to measure the low ESR of milliohms level, meanwhile provide the pulsed testing current up to hundreds of amperes. Therefore, this method is suitable for fast inspecting the quality of bulk capacitors. The operational principle, circuit implementation and the calibration method are presented, and the performances of the prototype are tested, which validate the proposed scheme.

scholarly journals High-Quality, Cost-Effective Strategy for Detection of Autoantibodies to Extractable Nuclear Antigens

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri G. Phan ◽  
Watson W. S. Ng ◽  
Dana Bird ◽  
Kara Smithers ◽  
Vicky Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Quality Cost ◽  
Nuclear Antigens ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Meaningful Result ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses

ABSTRACT We evaluated methods for the detection of autoantibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) to determine the strategy that yielded the most cost effective and clinically meaningful result. We prospectively compared counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) with and without serum prediffusion (SPD) and found that SPD significantly improved the quality of precipitation lines. This resulted in a decreased requirement for repeat testing and, consequently, was associated with a significant decrease in reagent costs and specimen turnaround time. We also retrospectively compared reactivity by CIEP, CIEP plus SPD, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and line immunoassay (LIA) of 52 serum samples that were previously determined to be positive for ENAs, and we correlated the results with clinical diagnoses. There was significant agreement among CIEP, CIEP plus SPD, ELISA, and LIA for the detection of anti-SS-A, anti-SS-B and anti-RNP. In general, CIEP, CIEP plus SPD, and LIA correlated better with the clinical diagnoses than ELISA, even though ELISA detected anti-ENAs more often than the other methods. CIEP plus SPD is therefore the most cost effective method for the identification of clinically meaningful ENAs. Based on our experience, we now screen for ENAs by CIEP, and positive samples are then typed by CIEP plus SPD. Samples that are difficult to interpret are then further assessed by an alternative method.

scholarly journals Gerybinių stemplės anastomozės striktūrų gydymas

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Eugenijus Stratilovas ◽  
Egidijus Sangaila
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Esophageal Surgery ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Simple Mode ◽  
Key Words Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Benign Stenosis

Eugenijus Stratilovas,  Egidijus SangailaVilniaus universiteto Onkologijos instituto Bendrosios ir abdominalinės chirurgijosir onkologijos skyrius, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas Viena iš dažniausiai pasitaikančių vėlyvųjų komplikacijų po stemplės rezekcinio pobūdžio operacijų yra gerybinė anastomozės striktūra. Dėl striktūros išsivysčiusi disfagija ilgam pablogina ligonio gyvenimo kokybę. Pagrindiniai šios komplikacijos gydymo metodai išlieka dažnos endoskopijos, dilatacijos bužais sukėlus nejautrą. Autoriai siūlo taikyti gana paprastą šių striktūrų gydymo metodą – dilataciją Folley kateteriu. Rezultatai Šiuo būdu gydyti keturi pacientai. Visi procedūrą pakėlė gerai, gydymo komplikacijų nebuvo. Po dviejų procedūrų rijimas tapo normalus, toliau procedūros tęstos ambulatoriškai, praėjus 3 mėn. rijimas išliko normalus. Išvada Anastomozės striktūros dilatacija Folley kateteriu yra saugus, veiksmingas ir pigus metodas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: stemplės vėžys, anastomozės striktūra, dilatacija The treatment of the benign esophagus anastomosis strictures Eugenijus Stratilovas,  Egidijus SangailaVilnius University, Institute of Oncology, Department of Generaland Abdominal Surgery and Oncology, Santariškių str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Background One of the most frequent late complications after the resectable type of esophageal surgery is benign anastomosis stricture. The subsequent dysphagia worsens the patients’ quality of life for a long time. The main treatment modalities for this complication remain frequent endoscopy, dilatation using weighted bougies under anesthesia. Authors recommend use a simple mode of treatment – dilatation with the Folley catheter. Results Four patients underwent the treatment. All patients felt well, there were no treatment complications. Swallowing after two procedures became normal, the treatment was continued in outpatient clinic; after three months the swallowing was good. Conclusions Dilatation of a stricture with the Folley catheter is a safe and cost-effective method. Key words: esophageal cancer, anastomosis benign stenosis, dilatation

scholarly journals Understanding the Cost-Effectiveness of Hearing Aids and Surgery for the Treatment of Otosclerosis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Gillard ◽  
Jeffrey D. Sharon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stapes Surgery ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Complications Of Surgery ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Purpose of Review To summarize and critically review recent literature on the relative cost-effectiveness of hearing augmentation versus stapes surgery for the treatment of otosclerosis. Recent Findings Otosclerosis leads to reduced patient quality of life, which can be ameliorated by either stapes surgery, or hearing aid usage. The success of stapes surgery is high, and the risks of serious postoperative complications are low. Hearing aids don’t have the complications of surgery but are associated with long-term costs. Cost-effectiveness models have shown that stapes surgery is a cost-effective method for treating otosclerosis. Summary Both stapes surgery and hearing aids can improve patient-reported quality of life in otosclerosis. Stapes surgery has larger upfront costs and surgical risks, but hearing aids are associated with longer lifetime costs. Stapes surgery is cost-effective for the treatment of otosclerosis.

scholarly journals Variation for Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Hayes ◽  
Gary E. Vallad ◽  
Qing-Ming Qin ◽  
Rebecca C. Grube ◽  
Krishna V. Subbarao
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Constant Resistance ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2

Host resistance offers the most cost-effective method of Verticillium wilt control in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). In 2004 and 2005, 107 and 22 lettuce cultivars, respectively, were screened for resistance in a field infested with Verticillium dahliae, and disease progress on resistant and susceptible cultivars was determined. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate 16 cultivars for resistance to a race 1 and a race 2 isolate. Significant differences for resistance were observed within cultivated lettuce. In susceptible cultivars, disease levels increased through the season, whereas disease in resistant cultivars remained constant. Resistance in greenhouse tests was dependant upon the race used. Seven cultivars were resistant to race 1, whereas all were susceptible to race 2. Cultivar reactions to race 1 in greenhouse and field experiments were correlated, indicating the utility of greenhouse evaluations. The identification of resistance in diverse lettuce types is beneficial to the breeding process. However, because of the existence of resistance-breaking race 2 isolates, this resistance may not be durable. Alternatively, targeted releases of race-1-resistant cultivars to fields with only race 1 pathogen genotypes may extend the life of these cultivars.

scholarly journals Removal of Copper from Water Solutions by Adsorption on Spruce Sawdust

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenka Kovacova ◽  
Stefan Demcak ◽  
Magdalena Balintova
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Scientific Attention

Pollution of water by toxic elements is one of the major factors of concern for human health, as well as for environmental quality, and draws a large amount of scientific attention. New and cheaper methods of wastewater treatment are increasing the quality of the environment and reducing the negative impacts on fauna, flora, and human beings. The sorption technique is considered a cost effective method for effectively removing heavy metals. During the past few years, there have been increasing studies dedicated to using low-cost adsorbents like bark, tannin-rich materials, lignin, chitosan peat moss, and sawdust. The presented paper describes the adsorption behavior of spruce wood sawdust. In order to determine its applicability for wastewater treatment, copper removal from model solutions was studied.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Galactosemia by Simple Technique in a Resource-Constraint Country

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Md Benzamin ◽  
Nazmul Hassan ◽  
Rono Mollika ◽  
Kaniz Fathema ◽  
Khan Lamia Nahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Neonatal Cholestasis ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Impaired Metabolism ◽  
Milk Feeding

Galactosemia is an autosomal recessive inheritance and there is cellular deficiency of enzymes leading to defective/impaired metabolism of galactose resulting in toxic byproducts like galactilol, galactose-1-phosphate and galactonate that affect mainly liver, brain, kidneys, lens and gonads. Galactosemia appears as a rare metabolic cause of neonatal cholestasis syndrome (NCS). The classic disease manifestation after the first milk feeding varies in severity from an acute fulminant illness to a more common subacute illness beginning within the first few days of life. Neonatal sepsis is one of the presentations. Galactokinase deficiency results primarily in cataract formation and galactosuria. The preliminary diagnosis of galactosemia in sick neonates and suspected infants is made by Benedict test in several urine specimens and followed by dipstick test to exclude glycosuria. Gold standard test is demonstration of low enzyme activity in erythrocyte. Galactosemia can be detected by newborn screening methods like the Guthrie test using filterpaper blood samples. Classical form of galactosemia should be treated with an absolute galactose restricted diet without waiting for confirmation of the diagnosis. Here we report a case of a 50-dayold boy with features of neonatal cholestasis, diagnosed as galactosemia by using a simple cost effective method. J Enam Med Col 2020; 10(1): 43-48

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