scholarly journals Influence of Phenology and Post-Harvest Processing of Vegetal Material on the Allelopathy of Annoni Grass (Eragrostis plana) Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. SCHEFFER-BASSO ◽  
F. Jr. R. FIORENTIN ◽  
A. FAVARETTO
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

ABSTRACT: The phenological stage, post-harvest processing and quantity of material can interfere in the allelopathic activity of extracts. The objective of this study is to test the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of the leaves of Annoni grass (Eragrostis plana), an invader of natural pastures. Twelve extracts were prepared by combining the phenological stage of the plants when harvesting the leaves (vegetative; flowering), post-harvest processing before extraction (fresh; dry at 40 oC), and the amount of plant material (5, 15, and 25 g 100 mL-1 distilled water). Two bioassays were conducted in a germination chamber, with evaluation of germination and growth of seedlings of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and white clover (Trifolium repens). The extracts with higher allelopathic activity were further developed with 15 and 25 g of dried leaves and harvested in plants at the vegetative stage. Germination was attributed to being the greatest contribution to the divergence between the extracts. White clover was more sensitive to extracts, for which 50% to 67% of the extracts were effectively allelopathic (≥50% inhibition); in lettuce, between 8% and 58% of the extracts exhibited this potential. The phenological stage was the factor with a greater individual effect on the allelopathic activity on lettuce and white clover seedlings, and on lettuce germination. The post-harvest processing responded by the greater variation on germination and germination speed index of white clover. The sensitivity of the white clover to extracts of Annoni grass suggests a compromise of its establishment in pastures with the presence of the invader.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of Coriandrum sativum on germination of lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) seeds and growth of seedlings in early development stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Malinauskaitė ◽  
Kristina Vaicekauskaitė ◽  
Rita Čepulienė
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Physiology Laboratory ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

The experiment was conducted at the Plant Physiology Laboratory of the Institute of Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2017. The aim of the research was to determine the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts from coriander roots and stems on the germination of lentil ‘Smėlinukai’ variety seeds and the growth of seedlings in early development stages. The treatments of investigations were as follows: 1) aqueous extracts of Coriandrum sativum roots, concentration 1:12 (C. sativum biomass : distilled water); 2) aqueous extracts of roots, concentration 1:30; 3) aqueous extracts of C. sativum stems, concentration 1:12; 4) aqueous extracts of stems, concen 191 tration 1:30. The control was distilled water. The experiment was repeated three times. In total, 25 lentil seeds were used for every replicate. Coriander root aqueous extracts of 1:12 and 1:30 concentrations did not have any significant effect on the germination energy and germination of lentil seeds. The coriander stem aqueous extracts of 1:12 and 1:30 concentrations significantly inhibited the lentil germination. Compared with distilled water, it was, respectively, 1.25 and 1.17 times lower. The 1:12 concentration coriander root aqueous extract substantially inhibited the growth of lentil sprouts. Sprouts were 47.7%, or 1.91 times, shorter than with distilled water. The lentil root length was significantly reduced in the 1:12 concentration aqueous extracts of corianden roots and stems, 83.3 (roots) and 73.1% (stems), respectively. As a result of the effect of the 1:12 concentration coriander root and stem aqueous extracts, the ratio of roots/sprouts length was less than 1. It was 0.7 and 0.85, respectively.

scholarly journals Results of the Research on the Allelopathic Effect Between the Neophyte Species, Iva Xanthiifolia Nutt. (“Ierboaia”) and Some Agricultural Crops

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae HODIŞAN
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Germination And Growth

Iva xanthiifolia Nutt., popularly known as “ierboaie”, is a neophyte invasive species notorious for being an allergenic weed, identified in the west of Romania, in two locations near Oradea, in Bihor County, near the border with Hungary. This species belongs to the allergenic weeds, being considered by some even more dangerous than Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., the two representing in summer the primary source of allergies, or diseases like hay fever, due to the pollen released in the atmosphere.The research is about the results of the allelophatic effect upon the germination and growth of plants, immediately after springing, viewed as the interaction between the species of Iva xanthiifolia and five other crop plants: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rape (Brassica napus L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa). The experiments that were performed consisted in applying treatments with aqueous extracts obtained from different vegetative organs (roots, leaves, stems and seeds) harvested from Iva xanthiifolia plants. In all cases, the results indicate a rather large inhibitor effect, no matter if the aqueous extracts were obtained from green plants or dehydrated ones.

scholarly journals Research on the allelopathic effect among the species Tanacetum vulgare and some agricultural crops

2010 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Nicolae Hodişan ◽  
Nicolae Csep
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Great Sensitivity ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
New Research ◽  
Germination And Growth

The research presents the results of the allelophatic effect upon the germination and growth of plants, immediately after springing, viewed as the interaction between the species of Tanacetum vulgare sin Chrysanthemum vulgare and three other crops: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera L.). The experiments that were performed consisted in applying treatments with aqueous extracts obtained from the roots, leaves, stems and flowers harvested from T. vulgare plants upon the seeds of the three agricultural crops mentioned before. In all aqueous extracts, the results indicate the presence of some chemical compounds that have inhibiting allelophatic effect. The plants upon which tests were made showed great sensitivity, the results on their germination and growth being significantly negative and highly significantly negative.The conclusions of this research sustain the idea of setting new research objectives in order to discover the chemical compounds from T. vulgare extracts that have such a stong effect and the possibilities they offer.

scholarly journals Allelopathy of Dahlstedtia araripensis on Calotropis procera and Zea mays

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Viviane Bezerra da Silva ◽  
José Weverton Almeida Bezerra ◽  
Mariana Ferreira da Cruz ◽  
Cícero dos Santos Leandro ◽  
José Fábio de Oliveira Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Germination And Growth

Studies related to the allelopathic properties of plants have aroused great interest, since species that have compounds with allelopathic activity can be used as bioherbicides in the control of weeds. In this way, the aim of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic action of Dahlstedtia araripensis on the germination and growth of Calotropis procera and Zea mays. The bioassays were prepared using two 50 g portions of leaves, stem bark and D. araripensis roots, and each part of the plant received a hot treatment (1 L of distilled water at 100 °C) and one part cold (1 L of distilled water at 25 °C). The experimental design consisted of six treatments and the control group. The variables analyzed were: Index of Emergency Speed (IES), germinability, length and occurrence of necrotic radicles. The results indicated that the extracts interfered negatively on the germinability of the seeds, mainly on those of C. procera, since all extracts significantly inhibited its germination. In the seeds of C. procera and Z. mays there was delay in IES. The results indicated that the cold and hot extracts of the distinct parts of D. araripensis affected the development of the seedlings, besides promoting root necrosis. The observed effects may be due to the presence of secondary metabolites detected in the different extracts of D. araripensis. However, further research is required to prove the performance of such compounds, as well as their isolation, for future use asnatural herbicides.

scholarly journals Laboratory Studies on the Effects of Aqueous Extracts fromSorghum bicolorStem andZea mays(Roots and Tassel) on the Germination and Seedling Growth of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentusL.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modupe Janet Ayeni ◽  
Joshua Kayode
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Control Experiment ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Experimental Time ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Germination And Growth

The allelopathic effect of the aqueous extracts fromSorghum bicolorstem and maize (roots and tassel) were examined on the germination and seedling growth of okra (Abelmoschus esculentusL.). The results showed that the extracts inhibited the germination of okra seeds which was more pronounced in seeds treated with maize (roots and tassel) extracts as no germination was recorded until 48 hours of experimental time. Also the radicle and plumule lengths were retarded. Plumule lengths were more retarded as no germination was recorded until 72 hours of experimental time. The inhibitory effects were concentration dependent as the inhibition increases with increase in concentration of the extracts. Statistical analysis (P<0.05) revealed that there were significant differences in the germination of okra treated seeds most especially at higher concentration of the extracts when compared to control experiment. In the radicle lengths, statistical analysis revealed that there were significant differences in the radicle lengths of the extract treated seeds compared to the control experiment except at 24 hours of experimental time. Similarly in the plumule, significant differences abound in the extract treated seeds from 72 hrs to 144 hrs. These findings indicate that both germination and growth of okra sown in the field may be adversely affected by extracts from these residues, thus resulting in lowering yields especially by the maize root extracts.

EVALUATION OF CLOVERS ON SANDY COASTAL SOIL

1977 ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Williams ◽  
L.B. Anderson ◽  
B.M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Winter Annual

In evaluations of clover performances on summer-dry Himatangi sandy soil, it was found that none could match lucerne over summer. Emphasis was therefore placed on production in autumn-winter- early spring when lucerne growth was slow. Evaluations of some winter annual clover species suggested that Trifolium spumosum, T. pallidum, T. resupinatum, and T. vesiculosum would justify further investigation, along with T. subterraneum which is already used in pastures on this soil type. Among the perennial clover species, Kenya white clover (7'. semipilosum) showed outstanding recovery from drought and was the only species to produce significantly in autumn. However, it failed to grow in winter-early spring. Within red clover, materials of New Zealand x Moroccan origin substantially outproduced the commercial cultivars. Within white clover, material from Israel, Italy and Lebanon, as well as progeny of a selected New Zealand plant, showed more rapid recovery from drought stress and subsequently better winter growth than New Zealand commercial material ('Grasslands Huia'). The wider use of plant material of Mediterranean origin and of plants collected in New Zealand dryland pastures is advocated in development of clover cultivars for New Zealand dryland situations.

scholarly journals Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Eragrostis plana (Poaceae) and its Relation with Phenology and Nitrogen Fertilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. CECCHIN ◽  
A. FAVARETTO ◽  
S.M. SCHEFFER-BASSO ◽  
C.D. BERTOL ◽  
S.O. CHINI
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT This study was conducted in order to verify if the phenological stage and the nitrogen fertilization interfere in the allelopathic activity and in the concentration of potentially allelopathic phenolic compounds of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana). The assay consisted of a bifactor 3 (0.100 and 200 kg N ha-1) x 2 (harvested in vegetative and reproductive stages), in a split plot design. The N doses constituted the main plot and the phenological stage during the harvest the subplots, resulting in six treatments. The tough lovegrass plants derived from each of the treatments were subjected to allelopathy bioassays, in which aqueous extracts of the aerial parts were applied to lettuce cypselae (Lactuca sativa) and to phytochemicals tests when ethanolic extracts were used, with subsequent partition with ethyl acetate, followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. There was nitrogen x phenological stage interaction on biological and chemical attributes. The allelopathic extracts were, in descending order of inhibition of germination, those from plants harvested at the vegetative stage and fertilized with 100 kg N and at the flowering stage with 200 kg N, which showed the highest catechin concentrations. The caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric and vanillic acids were in a higher concentration in flowered and fertilized plants with 0 or 200 kg N. The management of the nitrogen fertilization and the harvesting age influence the allelopathic activity and the phytochemical composition of tough lovegrass.

scholarly journals Composition of essential oil and allelopathic activity of aromatic water of Aster lanceolatus Willd: (Asteraceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane de Fátima Gaspari Dias ◽  
Obdúlio Gomes Miguel ◽  
Marilis Dallarmi Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Germination And Growth

The essential oil obtained from flowers of Aster lanceolatus was submitted the CG-MS and presented as result thirteen substances with largest concentration; among them, the caryophyllene oxide with the larger one. The aromatic water obtained during the extraction process of this essential oil was forwarded to allelopathic test, and demonstrated to be capable to inhibit the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF A WEED SPECIES, CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. AND CLEOME VISCOSA L. ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK GRAM (VIGNA MUNGO (L.) HEPPER.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Prabhakaran J ◽  
Kavitha D ◽  
Arumugam K
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cleome Viscosa

The present study was aimed to investigate the allelopathic influence of two weed species Cyperus rotundus L. and Cleome viscosa L. against the growth of Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Aqueous extracts (5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations) of whole plants of C. rotundus and C. viscosa were employed to investigate their influence on the germination and seedling growth of the black gram. The aqueous whole plants extracts ( from 5% to 100% concentrations) of C. rotundus and C. viscosa exhibited an inhibitory effects on all the parameters employed in the germination percentage, root and shoot growth, fresh and dry weight, content of chlorophyll, starch, sugar and protein contents of Black gram over control. The extracts of both the weeds caused a minimum inhibition on germination and seedling growth of Black gram at 5% concentration and the intensity of inhibition increased when increased extract concentrations. The aqueous extracts of C. rotundus and C. viscosa showed an inhibitory effect on Black gram but their effect was more severe on black gram by the extract treatments of C. rotundus than that of C. viscosa.

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