scholarly journals Genetic diversity among natural populations of Mandevilla velutina

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Waléria Bertoni ◽  
Ana Valéria de Souza ◽  
Ronaldo Biondo ◽  
Suzelei de C França ◽  
Mariana PC Telles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Germplasm Banks

Mandevilla velutina (Mart. Ex Stadelm) Woodson (Apocynaceae) is an endemic species in the Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah), whose alcoholic extracts and root infusions are extensively used in the popular medicine to treat inflammatory diseases and against snake bites. Currently, this species has been pointed out as crucial in conservation programs. Therefore, studies on its genetic diversity, as well as the development of methodology for in vitro conservation in germplasm banks are imperative to avoid its extinction. The objective of this work was to investigate the intra- and inter-populational genetic variability of M. velutina to enhance the representativeness of germplasm banks. To this aim, we used RAPD molecular markers. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the intra-populational (81.25%) was higher than the inter-populational (18.75%) variability, which was confirmed by the Nei's Diversity Index. The PHIst (0.188) and qP (0.1586) values of genetic variation indicated high population structuring. There seems to be no direct correlation between geographic distances and genetic similarity among the three studied populations.

scholarly journals Curau genetic diversity in germplasm banks and natural populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
Alves Lameira Osmar ◽  
Aparecido Gimenes Marcos ◽  
Lobato Prado Neves Raphael ◽  
do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira Maria ◽  
de Miranda Rodrigues Simone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Germplasm Banks

scholarly journals Analysis of the genetic diversity of the coastal and island endangered plant species Elaeagnus macrophylla via conserved DNA-derived polymorphism marker

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8498
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
Bingyu Jia ◽  
Qichao Wu ◽  
Dekui Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Endangered Plant ◽  
Endangered Plant Species ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Nanji Island

The genetic diversity and genetic structure of five natural populations of the island and coastal endangered plant species Elaeagnus macrophylla were analyzed via conserved DNA-derived polymorphism molecular markers. A total of 289 discernible loci were obtained from 102 individuals via fifteen primers, and 100% of the loci were polymorphic. The observed number of alleles was 1.9654, and the effective number of alleles was 1.2604. Nei’s genetic diversity index was 0.1724 on average, and Shannon’s information index was 0.2869, indicating that Elaeagnus macrophylla had lower levels of genetic diversity than those reported for its continental relatives and other continental species. The average percentage of polymorphic loci was 42.1%, and the maximum and minimum were 80.97% and 14.88%, respectively, which were associated with the Nanji Island and Liugong Island populations, respectively. The populations of Elaeagnus macrophylla were highly differentiated. Cluster analysis revealed that the similarity between the tested samples was related to their geographical location, that the samples from the same island tended to cluster together, and that there was no cross-clustering between samples. The Nanji Island and Da Rushan populations differentiated into two subpopulations. Last, we detected no correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance between populations (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.256579, p-value = 0.8309).

scholarly journals Low Divergence Among Natural Populations of Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis Revealed by ISSR Markers

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Qiu Yuan ◽  
Qin Fang ◽  
Guo-Hua Liu ◽  
Xiang-Xiang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Cornus Kousa

Research Highlights: Taking Chinese dogwood (Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis) as an example, the genetic characteristics of natural populations collected from main a distribution area were evaluated using intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to reveal the genetic basis for further selection and breeding. Background and Objectives: Chinese dogwood is a small understory tree that is widely distributed in China. Chinese dogwood has attracted interest for its potential horticultural and ornamental values, and its natural resource potential urgently needs to be estimated. Materials and Methods: In this study, the genetic diversity of 12 natural populations collected from six provinces containing 223 individuals was evaluated based on ISSR markers. Results: Relatively high levels of genetic diversity were found at both the population and individual levels. The Shannon’s diversity index (I) among individuals (0.504) was higher than that among populations (0.338). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that genetic variation mainly existed within populations (61.55%) rather than among populations (38.45%). According to the STRUCTURE analysis, 12 populations were assigned to two groups, i.e., the northern and southern ecological regions, which are separated by the Yangtze River. A Mantel test analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. Conclusions: Considering the breeding system of dogwoods, we speculated that the genetic characteristics of the natural populations of this species would be affected by the dispersal mode of its pollens and seeds; additionally, genetic drift could play an important role in its genetic differentiation. In conclusion, in situ conservation is recommended for Chinese dogwood based on our results.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of natural populations of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Luo ◽  
Fengqing Li ◽  
Longhua Yu ◽  
Liyun Wang ◽  
Gangbiao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Endangered Tree ◽  
Endangered Tree Species ◽  
Taxus Wallichiana

Abstract Maire yew (Taxus wallichiana var. mairei (Lemée H. Léveillé.) L. K. Fu et Nan Li) is a rare and endangered tree species, and it is also a precious timber species in China. We used 13 microsatellites to assess the genetic diversity and differentiation of 665 Maire yew samples from 18 natural populations. A total of 291 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles (Na=22.39), expected heterozygosity (He=0.74), polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.86) and Shannon diversity index (I = 1.66) of the loci indicated a high level of genetic diversity in natural Maire yew populations. Moreover, gene flow was more active among populations (Nm=1.62) than within populations. Among the 18 populations, the Xinfeng population in Jiangxi Province has the highest genetic diversity. Although each of the studied populations should be protected from further deforestation and agricultural expansion, the Xinfeng population deserves the highest conservation priority. The results based on analysis of molecular variance showed that genetic variation occurred mainly within populations (84.90%; P < 0.001), which indicated that the degree of genetic differentiation of the natural populations of Maire yew was low. Based on UPGMA, the 18 populations were categorized into 4 groups. A Mantel test showed that there was no significant correlation between standard genetic distance and geographical distance or altitude differences among the populations. The genetic clustering results also indicated that the genetic relationship followed a north to south clustered trend. The information presented here forms the basis for the development of genetic guidelines for appropriate conservation programs.

Conservation of Billbergia zebrina genetic resources: AFLP polymorphism of in vitro regenerated genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lirio L. Dal Vesco ◽  
Valdir M. Stefenon ◽  
Leocir J. Welter ◽  
Neusa Steiner ◽  
Miguel P. Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Index Of Diversity

Biotechnological techniques comprise useful tools for the conservation of endangered plant genetic resources. In the present work, polymorphism and usefulness of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers in assessing the genetic diversity in populations of Billbergia zebrina were investigated in nodular cultures and adult plants of the species. AFLP markers revealed moderate-to-high genetic diversity based on the estimations of Nei's gene diversity (mean He = 0.28), Shannon index of diversity (mean HS = 0.48) and the number of polymorphic fragments (mean of 56.17 polymorphic fragments over six primer pairs). In comparison to published studies of population genetics performed in other bromeliad species, the present study suggests that natural populations of B. zebrina likely maintain high levels of genetic diversity, an important feature towards conservation of plant genetic resources. The results obtained reveal that AFLP markers comprise a powerful tool in order to assess the levels of genetic diversity in natural populations of this endangered species. Integrating AFLP markers with in vitro propagation techniques is understood as an adequate strategy for conservation programmes of this species.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism among natural populations of Anacardium humile A. ST-HIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Correa Santos ◽  
Raquel dos Santos Carvalho ◽  
Livia Maria Chamma Davide
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Natural Populations

Abstract The genus Anacardium presents nine species, of these, three have sub-bush size, common in the Cerrado of the Center-West of Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of the species, collected in eleven provenances, using RAPD markers. Genomic DNA from 122 accessions was extracted and amplified with 25 decamer primers. The results indicated polymorphism, ranging from 77.71% to 96.18%. The distribution of genetic diversity among and within populations shows that 27.14% of the variability is found between populations and 37.44% within the populations, suggesting the existence of genetic variability that may be related to the reproductive strategies adopted by the species throughout its evolution. The index of variation within the provenances (93.36%) was higher than the index found among populations (6.64%). Molecular analysis indicated that there is genetic divergence between and within the studied populations of Anacardium humile A. St. - Hill. The origin of Itajá-GO presented the highest genetic diversity, presenting the highest values of genetic diversity index, phenotypic diversity and higher percentage of polymorphic loci.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Five Nicaraguan Populations of Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae) using RAPD Markers

Encuentro ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Arlen Tijerino ◽  
Lourdes Callejas ◽  
David A. Cerda-Granados
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
The Mean

The goal of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of Nicaraguan populations of Cedrela odorata using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Thus, genomic DNA was isolated from leaf samples collected from ninety-two trees belonging to five Nicaraguan natural populations of C. odorata. The mean number of alleles per locus, effective number of alleles per locus, percentage of polymorphic loci, genetic diversity (He ) of Nei and diversity index (Ho ) of Shannon were estimated for each population assuming that the populations were in HardyWeinberg equilibrium. Total genetic diversity was partitioned in intrapopulational and interpopulational diversity using Nei’s genetic differentiation (GST) and through an Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). The ΦST matrix was used to construct a dendrogram by the neighbor-joining method. According to values of both He and Ho , Esquipulas (Deparment of Matagalpa) presented the lowest diversity level; while La Trinidad (Department of Estelí) showed the highest diversity level. Genetic differentiation was calculated obtaining a GST value of 13.36%. AMOVA also showed a similar differentiation value ΦST =13.81%). Neighbour-joining dendrogram clustered the five populations in two groups, where the group formed by La Trinidad and El Refugio (Department of Granada) presented the biggest differentiation. Correlation between genetic and geographical distances was not found.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF SOME ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF STERLET (ACIPENSER RUTHENUS LINNAEUS, 1758)

2018 ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Aleksandrovich Chemagin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Acipenser Ruthenus ◽  
Turbid Waters

The article presents the review of scientific works on ecology and biology of sterlet aspects of its distribution, spawning, migration, feeding and accumulation of heavy metals in organs and tissues. It has been stated that in natural populations there are two morphs - with a sharp (long) and blunt (short) rostrum. It has been assumed that they are characterized by the separation of spawning period into time intervals. In artificial aquaculture sterlet individuals show a decrease in morphometric traits, which may result from the identical farming conditions or the reduction of genetic diversity. The background color of the tanks used for cultivation can affect the linear-weight characteristics of fish: in light colored tanks there are fish of smaller sizes, in dark colored ones - fish of larger sizes. It has been found that the color of the species body similar to the bottom substrate acts as s a highly effective protection against predators in turbid waters. The study of sterlet population of in the Ob’-Irtysh and Yenisei basins showed that the former population has a higher genetic diversity index. Migration length of sterlet is insignificant: up to 250 km. It spawns in the spring-summer period, in winter period it concentrates in the wintering holes. The leading role in sterlet feeding belongs to the representatives of benthos and zooperiphyton, which are characteristic of lithophilic, lythoreophilic and psammoreophilic biocenoses. Maximum concentrations of heavy metals have been registered in the liver and gills, minimal in the muscles. The largest accumulation of elements is noted for Fe, Al and Zn, the minimum for Cd and Co.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity of an Endangered Species Fraxinus hupehensis Based on ISSR Markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1308-1315
Author(s):  
Peng-Li ZHENG ◽  
Jian-Ru CHENG ◽  
Long-Qing CHEN ◽  
Ming-Qin ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Protection Measures

Investigation on the level and pattern of genetic diversity of 10 natural populations of the endangered species Fraxinus hupehensis using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers was crucial for understanding the structure of the population and assessing the best genetic protection strategies. A total of 180 polymorphic bands with the polymorphic rate of 100.00% were amplified by 14 primers. The genetic diversity at population level (Percentage of polymorphic loci, PPL=64.06; Nei’s gene diversity index, h=0.1519; Shannon’s information index, I=0.2434) was lower than that at species level (PPL= 100.00%, h=0.1833, I=0.3041). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated the low level of the genetic variation occurred between the populations (16.05%). This also can be corroborated by the gene flow (Nm 2.424) and the coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst=0.1710) among populations. Cluster analysis based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) revealed four groups for 10 populations according to Nei’s genetic identity and seven categories for the 196 individuals according to SM values. Furthermore, the endangered mechanism and genetic structure of F. hupehensis were discussed, and appropriate targeted protection measures were proposed based on these findings.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

scholarly journals Local parasite pressures and host genotype may modulate epigenetic diversity in a mixed-mating fish

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldir M. Berbel-Filho ◽  
Carlos Garcia de Leaniz ◽  
Paloma Morán ◽  
Jo Cable ◽  
Sergio M. Q. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Epigenetic Diversity

AbstractParasite-mediated selection is one of the main drivers of genetic variation in natural populations. The persistence of asexual reproduction and self-fertilization, however, challenges the notion that low genetic variation and inbreeding compromise the host’s ability to respond to pathogens. DNA methylation represents a potential mechanism for generating additional adaptive variation under low genetic diversity. We compared genetic diversity (microsatellites and AFLPs), variation in DNA methylation (MSAFLPs), and parasite loads in three populations of Kryptolebias hermaphroditus, a unique mixed-mating (partially self-fertilising) fish, to analyse the potential adaptive value of DNA methylation in relation to genetic diversity and parasite loads. We found strong genetic population structuring, as well as differences in parasite loads and methylation levels among sampling sites and selfing lineages. Globally, the interaction between parasites and inbreeding with selfing lineages influenced DNA methylation, but parasites seemed more important in determining methylation levels at the local scale.

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