Palynological characterization and genetic divergence between accessions of chilli and sweet peppers

This study characterised pollen grains morphologically and studied the genetic divergence between accessions based on morphopollinic characters. Seven accessions, including domesticated, semi-domesticated and wild species of Capsicum (C. annuum var. annuum, C. chinense, C. baccatum var. pendulum, C. frutescens, Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum, C. baccatum var. baccatum and C. parvifolium), were cultivated in a greenhouse and their pollen grains collected and fixed during flowering. The pollen grains were acetolysed and described based on 13 pollinic characteristics (polar and equatorial axes, in an equatorial front view; ratio between polar axis and equatorial axis; equatorial axis in a polar view; thicknesses of the exine, sexine and nexine; apocolpus side; polar area index; length and diameter of the pore and colpus). The genetic divergence analysis between the accessions was based on the standardised average Euclidean distance, and the grouping analysis was based on Ward's method. PCA (principal component analysis) is another multivariate method that was used. Based on Ward's method and PCA, it was possible to group the accessions into two groups, and the groups formed correlated with the classification of the gene pool complexes already described for the genus. According to this classification, the Capsicum genus comprises three major groups: C. annuum, C. chinense and C. frutescens form the annuum complex; C. baccatum and C. pratermissum form the baccatum complex; and C. eximium, C. cardenasii and C. pubescens form the pubescens complex. The variable width of the pores was the most discriminating in this morphopollinic study of Capsicum spp.

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Systematic relevance of pollen morphology in tribe Hylocereeae (Cactaceae)

PhytoKeys ◽

10.3897/phytokeys.128.35842 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 128 ◽

pp. 121-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Catalina Ruiz-Domínguez ◽

Andrew P. Vovides ◽

Victoria Sosa

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Pollen Grain ◽

Area Index ◽

Oblate Spheroidal ◽

Representative Species ◽

Pollen Characters ◽

Polar Area

Hylocereeae is one of the nine tribes in the subfamily Cactoideae (Cactaceae), for which the limits and recognition of genera have been controversial. Essentially, this group comprises epiphytic and hemiepiphytic genera with stems modified as climbing structures. The aim of this paper is to examine pollen attributes in representative species of genera of Hylocereeae, focusing on Selenicereus whose current circumscription comprises Hylocereus and three Weberocereus species, to find whether significant potentially apomorphic and/or autapomorphic systematic characters can be discovered. Utilizing SEM and light microscopy, 25 pollen characters were observed and measured. Tribe Hylocereeae is stenopalynous, with pollen grains isopolar and radially symmetrical monads, mostly tricolpate, except in Kimnachia, Pseudoripsalis and Weberocereus, whose pollen grains are pantocolpate. Seven attributes (five qualitative and two continuous) exhibited useful variation and were coded. The character of brevicolpate pollen grains was shared by Kimnachia ramulosa and Pseudorhipsalis amazonica. Convex quadrangular outline in the polar view was shared by Weberocereus tunilla and S. glaber. The absence of spinules on the exine was shared by S. minutiflorus and S. stenopterus. The largest pollen grain, found in Selenicereus megalanthus, might be correlated with polyploidy. Selenicereus is the taxon with the highest variation in pollen attributes, including species with an exine with or without spinules and variable polar area index and shape (subprolate or oblate-spheroidal).

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Pollen morphology of Iranian Dracocephalum L. (Lamiaceae) and its taxonomic significance

Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy ◽

10.3329/bjpt.v22i2.26071 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 99-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maryam Naderifar ◽

Ali Sonboli ◽

Abbas Gholipour

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Taxonomic Significance ◽

Infrageneric Classification ◽

Exine Ornamentation ◽

Plant Taxon ◽

Scanning Electron

Pollen morphology of 11 Iranian Dracocephalum L. species was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate their taxonomic significance for the infrageneric classification of the genus. Pollen grains of all examined taxa were isopolar, hexacolpate, circular in polar view and spheroidal to prolate in equatorial view (P/E = 1.0?2.0). The smallest pollen grains were observed in D. aucheri (P = 29.7 ?m, E = 22.6 ?m), while the largest pollen was found in D. lindbergii (P = 45.1 ?m, E = 33.7 ?m). The highest and lowest apocolpium index (AI) were measured in D. aucheri (AI = 0.27) and D. surmandinum (AI = 0.08), respectively. Colpus membrane was egranulate in all examined species except for D. multicaule and D. ghahremanii. The main exine ornamentation type was characterized as bireticulate including five different subtypes. The results revealed that the exine ornamentation is a diagnostic character useful for the classification of Dracocephalum.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 22(2): 99-110, 2015 (December)

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A study on the pollen morphology of the genus Combretum Loefl. and its taxonomic significance

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.6(4).p131-142 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 131-142

Author(s):

Gamal E. B. E.B. El Ghazali

Keyword(s):

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Molecular Classification ◽

Ecological Indicator ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pollen Types ◽

Specific Variation ◽

Palynological Study

Pollen grains of 92 species (from 99 collections) belonging to the genus Com-bretum (Combretaceae) were examined by Light Microscope (LM) and Scan-ning Electron Microscope (SEM). These species are representatives of vari-ous taxa outlined in the latest taxonomic revision of the genus. The genus belongs to a tropical or subtropical family, frequently encountered in various Quaternary deposits and acts as ecological indicator in various habitats. Pol-len grains of all members of the genus Combretum examined are hetero-colpate (with three simple apertures alternating with three composite ones) and exhibited wide range of inter-specific variation with respect to polar axes (P), Equatorial diameters (E), P/E ratios, shape classes, shape in polar view, costae pori, vestibula, protrusion of endoapertures and exine sculptur-ings. Species delimitation in these nine characters is tabulated. Four shape classes, eight exine sculpturings and seven pollen types were recognized. A key for identification to these pollen types is presented and the species in-cluded in each of these types are also outlined. Previous macro-morphological and molecular classification of the genus were discussed in the light of the present palynological study.

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Pollen morphology in selected species of Caricaceae with special reference to novel palynological characters

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2017-0125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Lucía Melisa Zini ◽

Constanza Soledad Carrera ◽

Elsa Clorinda Lattar ◽

María Silvia Ferrucci

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Grain Morphology ◽

Polar View ◽

Area Index ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Polar Index ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Polar Diameter ◽

Taxonomic Groups

The pollen grain morphology of Jacaratia corumbensis Kuntze, J. spinosa (Aubl.) A.DC., Vasconcellea quercifolia A. St.-Hil., and Carica papaya L. from Argentine samples were examined for the first time, using light and scanning electron microscopes. Observations and measurements were performed on acetolyzed pollen grains. Principal-components analysis was performed for quantitative morphological variables. Pollen grains were tri-colporate with lalongate endoaperture, oblate spheroidal to prolate, medium, exine bireticulate or reticulate, with a granulate lumina. A fastigium was present. Novel palynological data in this study for species identification revealed the presence of margo in C. papaya and variations in endoaperture shapes in all the species. The endoaperture ends often were H-shaped or horn-shaped. A biplot showed clear separation of the four taxa based on the palynological traits. Vasconcellea quercifolia was strongly correlated with equatorial diameter, equatorial diameter in polar view, exine thickness, and polar diameter, whereas J. corumbensis and J. spinosa were positively correlated with polar index and polar area index, respectively. The distance between two colpi allowed the discrimination of C. papaya. We confirmed the homogenous nature for most of the qualitative palynological characters in Caricaceae, and demonstrated that pollen morphology in combination with statistical analyses is a reliable tool for delimiting taxonomic groups.

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Pollen morphological traits analysis of eighteen 'Nepeta' species in Iran

Mediterranean Botany ◽

10.5209/mbot.62919 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 85-99

Author(s):

Seyed Mehdi Ttalebi ◽

Majid Ghorbani Nahooji ◽

Mahbobeh Yarmohammadi ◽

Narjes Azizi

Keyword(s):

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Pca Analysis ◽

Prolate Spheroidal ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Exine Sculpturing ◽

Identification Of Species ◽

Sectional Classification

Nepeta is one of the largest genera of Lamiaceae, which is widely distributed in Iran. Several species of the genus are traditionally used as culinary, industrial, and medicinal plants. In the present study, we examined fourteen qualitative and quantitative pollen morphological characters of twenty-four populations of eighteen Nepeta using light and scanning electron microscope. The pollen grains are radially symmetric, isopolar, and hexacolpate in all species. We have found that the quantitative features vary among the studied taxa. According to PCA analysis, the colpus length and width are the most variable traits. Polar view shapes in all the studied taxa are circular, while the equatorial view is prolate-spheroidal, subprolate, perprolate, and prolate. We determined microreticulate and bireticulate exine sculpturing, and the bireticulate type was dominant. We revealed that polar and equatorial axes length of pollen grains varied between populations of the same species, and they, therefore, should be ignored in taxonomical identification of species. The polar view was similar in all the studied pollen grains and could not be considered as a diagnostic trait. The equatorial shape was stable between populations of the same species, and this was taxonomically important, while we registered some infraspecific variations in exine sculpture. Our cluster of taxa based on the pollen morphology is not in concordance with the traditional sectional classification of the genus.

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Investigation on the pollen morphology of traditional cultivars of Prunus species in Sicily

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2012.017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 175-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anna Geraci ◽

Vincenza Polizzano ◽

Pasquale Marino ◽

Rosario Schicchi

Keyword(s):

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Polar Axis ◽

Prunus Species ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

North East ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Exine Sculpturing ◽

Traditional Cultivars ◽

Grain Surface

In this study pollen grains of 13 cultivars and 3 rootstocks belonging to 5 species (P. armeniaca, P. domestica, P. dulcis, P. persica, P. avium) of the genus Prunus collected from North-East Sicily were examined for the micromorphological characterization through the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The length of polar axis (P) and the equatorial diameter (E) of grain, P/E ratio, the length of colpi (C), diameter of perforations (DP) and the number of perforations in 25 μm2 (PN), the width of muri (WM), the distance between muri (DM) and their number in 25 μm2 (MN), the width of grooves (WG) were measured and their variation was compared among studied taxa. Moreover multivariate statistical analysis was carried out to distinguish morphometric information from measured parameters. All pollen grains are trizonocolpate, isopolar, medium-large sized and their shape varies from prolate to perprolate. Regarding outline pollen grains are subtriangular in polar view and elliptic in equatorial view. Exine sculpturing is striate with perforations on grain surface. The arrangement of ridges appears roughly parallel but too sloped (sometimes curved) compared to polar axis, or branched and oriented in different directions, or perfectly parallel or more irregular with bifurcated ridges often sinuous. The analyses showed a great variability (particularly in P. domestica cultivars) related in some cases to the diversity in the morphological features of the leaves and the fruits of the investigated entities.

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Pollen Morphology of Herbaceous Peonies with Different Ploidy Levels

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.141.3.275 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 141 (3) ◽

pp. 275-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lihong Hao ◽

Hui Ma ◽

Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽

XiaoNan Yu

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Polar Axis ◽

Hybrid Breeding ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Herbaceous Peony ◽

Group I ◽

Surface Ornamentation ◽

Axis Length

The pollen morphology of 26 cultivars of herbaceous peony (Paeonia L.) was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pollen grains of the cultivars were mostly subprolate to perprolate, tricolporate, or ellipsoidal in equatorial view, but rounded-trifid in polar view. The poles of pollen grains were mainly flat when viewed in cross-section and only a few appeared to have a circular or arc shape. In addition, the surface of the pollen grains was psilate, and the muri were partly or fully protuberant with a reticulate surface sculpture. However, the shapes and sizes of pollen grains as well as surface ornamentation varied significantly among cultivars with different chromosome numbers. The pollen grains from diploid cultivars were regular and full, and the reticulation holes were evenly distributed, while most of the pollen grains from triploid cultivars were empty flat shells with some heteromorphic pollen whose surface ornamentation was mostly rugulate-reticulate exine. The pollen grains from tetraploid cultivars were the largest although pollen morphology and surface ornamentation differed between Athena and Cream Delight. Six indices [polar axis length (P), equator axis length (E), P/E, pollen perforation diameter (D), ridge width (W), and D/W] were used in Q cluster analysis, which divided the 26 cultivars into three groups. Group I included eight diploid, four triploid, and one tetraploid cultivar. Group II included 12 triploid cultivars with complex genetic backgrounds. Group III included only one tetraploid cultivar Cream Delight. This work may provide an important palynological basis for studying taxonomy and hybrid breeding of herbaceous peony cultivars.

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Embryology of Veratrum and its systematic significance

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.437.4.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 437 (4) ◽

pp. 213-226

Author(s):

SI-MIN REN ◽

CHUN-HAI ZHAO ◽

YUN-YUN ZHAO ◽

JIA-XI LIU

Keyword(s):

Female Gametophyte ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Systematic Position ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Anther Wall ◽

Surface Ornamentation ◽

First Time

The systematic position of Veratrum has been controversial for many years. The purpose of the present research is to study embryological features and the systematic position of Veratrum in detail. Microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, development of male and female gametophyte and changes of anther wall structure during pollen development of V. grandiflorum and V. nigrum were studied using conventional paraffin sectioning technique and light microscopy for the first time, and pollen morphology of V. grandiflorum with scanning electron microscopy was investigated. The results showed that 1) cytokinesis of both V. grandiflorum and V. nigrum microsporocytes is of the successive type; 2) microspore tetrads are either tetragonal or tetrahedral; 3) mature pollen grains are two-celled with wide-elliptic morphology, round ends at the polar view, a monosulcate colpus and reticulate surface ornamentation; 4) ovaries have axile placenta with three locules, each of which has multiple campylotropous, bitegmic, crassinucellate ovules with micropyle formed by the inner integument; and 5) their female gametophyte is of the Allium-type. Overall, these results support classification of Veratrum in Melanthiaceae (Liliales).

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Contribution to the knowledge of the pollen morphology of the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 428 (3) ◽

pp. 228-240

Author(s):

HÜLYA ÖZLER ◽

AHMET KAHRAMAN ◽

SEVİL PEHLİVAN ◽

MUSA DOĞAN ◽

BİROL BAŞER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Pollen Data ◽

Infrageneric Classification ◽

Oblate Spheroidal ◽

Pollen Characters ◽

Exine Sculpturing ◽

First Time

The pollen grains of 19 Turkish Salvia species in Aethiopis, Drymosphace, Hemisphace, Hymenosphace and Salvia sections, 13 of which are endemic to Turkey, were investigated, documented and illustrated through Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This study provides pollen data of 14 species for the first time. The pollen grains of the species examined are monads, isopolar, radially symmetrical and hexacolpate, mostly medium in size, slightly elliptic to more or less circular in polar view and mainly oblate-spheroidal in equatorial view. Two different ornamentation types are recognized on exine sculpturing; reticulate-perforate and bireticulate. The present results do not generally support the traditional infrageneric classification of Salvia, but provide useful pollen characters for species delimitation.

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Use of Pollen Morphology Traits for Identifying Species of Centaurea L. Asteraceae in Kurdistan-Iraq

Science Journal of University of Zakho ◽

10.25271/sjuoz.2020.8.4.754 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 131-138

Author(s):

Rizgar Y. Ismail ◽

Saleem E. Shahbaz

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Principal Component ◽

Polar View ◽

Pollen Grain ◽

Medium Size ◽

Prolate Spheroidal ◽

Oblate Spheroidal ◽

Total Variability ◽

Pollen Shape

The polleniferous material of Centaurea taxa grow in Kurdistan-Iraq was collected. Samples were tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). In the polar view, pollen grain outlines are mostly triangular or triangular-circular. In equatorial view, the elliptic shape is common, while circulars or semicircular shapes are rare. The exine sculpture is scabrate, and the tectum is perforate. Number of sculpture microspinules/ µm², and their heights together with the number of wall perforations provide significant characters for taxa delimitation. Pollen grains of all species are of medium size, very few of some species pollen are larger or smaller in size. Species producing subprolate pollen shape is common, while oblate spheroidal and Prolate spheroidal shapes are less common. The principal component analysis and the discriminant analysis can recognize 65.478% and 87.54% of the total variability respectively; moreover, the discriminant function can correctly classify 125 or 78.125% out of 160 observations for pollen traits.

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