scholarly journals Prospection of genetic resistance resources to root-knot nematodes in cucurbit genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
Jadir B Pinheiro ◽  
Giovani Olegario da Silva ◽  
Valter R Oliveira ◽  
Geovani Bernardo Amaro ◽  
Alexandre Augusto de Morais
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Resistant Rootstock ◽  
Lagenaria Vulgaris

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to prospect genetic resistant sources to root-knot-nematode in Cucurbitaceae accessions. Two assays were conducted, the first to evaluate the resistance to root-knot nematode, M. incognita race 1 in accessions of Lagenaria vulgaris; Sicana odorifera; Cucurbita facifolia; Luffa sp.; Citrullus lanatus cv. Citroides; Lagenaria vulgaris; Cucurbita moschata; Cucurbita moschata x Cucurbita maxima; Cucumis melo and Cucumis metuliferus. The second to evaluate the reaction to nematode M. incognita race 1, M. javanica and M. enterolobii of the three accessions of Cucumis metuliferus (‘Kino’) considered resistant to M. incognita race 1 in the first experiment. The assays were carried out in a greenhouse at Embrapa Hortaliças in a completely randomized design with six replications. The seedlings in pots were inoculated with 5000 eggs and juveniles of 2nd stage (J2) of each Meloidogyne species alone. Fifty-three and eighty-four days after inoculation, respectively in both experiments, the plants were evaluated for egg mass index (IMO), gall index (IG), number of eggs per gram of root (NEGR) and reproduction factor (RF). The melon Cucumis metuliferus known as ‘Kino’ was identified as genetic source of resistance to root-knot nematodes and can be explored in breeding program as resistant rootstock.

scholarly journals Resistance sources to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and M. enterolobii in sweet potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Paula Andrea O Carmona ◽  
Jadir B Pinheiro ◽  
Geovani Bernardo Amaro ◽  
Giovani Olegario da Silva ◽  
José Ricardo Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Reproduction Factor

ABSTRACT One of the main obstacles for food production in many developing countries, as in Brazil, is the damage caused by root-knot nematodes, mainly those belonging to the genus Meloidogyne. This study aimed to assess the resistance levels of 44 sweet potato genotypes to M. javanica, M. incognita race 1 and M. enterolobii. These researches were carried out in 2014, under greenhouse conditions in Brasília-DF, Brazil. A completely randomized design with six replicates of one plant/plot/treatment was used. We determined the gall index (GI) and egg mass index (EMI) in the root system of each plant, the number of eggs and juveniles per gram of root with galls and the nematode reproduction factor. M. javanica was less aggressive and reproduced in only 9.09% of the evaluated genotypes; M. incognita race 1 was intermediate (47.73%); whereas M. enterolobii was more aggressive, with a population increase in 79.55% of the genotypes. The genotypes CNPH 1200, CNPH 1219, CNPH 1292, CNPH 1392, CNPH 60 and ‘Coquinho’ were the most resistant to the three species and can be used in breeding programs for multiple resistance to root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Characterization of lettuce genotypes for resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Jadir B Pinheiro ◽  
Giovani Olegário da Silva ◽  
Danielle Biscaia ◽  
Amanda G Macedo ◽  
Fábio A Suinaga
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Grand Rapids ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Gall Index

ABSTRACT Genetic resistance is the most suitable mechanism to control root-knot nematodes in lettuce. However, information about the resistance levels of currently used lettuce cultivars is scarce in the literature. Thus, the objective of this research was to characterize lettuce cultivars for resistance to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita (Mi) and M. javanica (Mj), aiming the identification of resistance sources for breeding, and to transfer information to the productive sector. We evaluated 97 lettuce genotypes in tree trials. In the first one (preliminary assessment), 92 lettuce genotypes were inoculated simultaneously with M. incognita race 1 and M. javanica species, 17 days after sowing. The gall index (GI) was evaluated 41 days after inoculation. In the second trial nine genotypes, selected from the first trial, were evaluated; and in the third trial, two new cultivars from Embrapa were evaluated. In the last two trials, the nematode species were inoculated separately, and the egg mass index (EMI), number of eggs per gram of roots (NEGR) and reproduction factor (RF) were also evaluated. In both trials, the lettuce cultivars Salinas 88 and Grand Rapids were used as resistant controls, as well as cultivar Irene as the susceptible control. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and treatments means grouping by Scott-Knott´s test. The crisp leaf cultivars presented a higher degree of resistance to the root-knot nematodes compared to the smooth leaf type cultivars. Cultivars Vera and Amanda present resistance to M. incognita, and Vanda to M. javanica. ‘Salinas 88’ present resistance mainly to M. javanica; while cultivar Mônica and the Embrapa cultivars BRS Leila and BRS Mediterrânea are resistant to both nematode species.

scholarly journals Grafting for Management of Southern Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in Watermelon

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1195-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Thies ◽  
Jennifer J. Ariss ◽  
Richard L. Hassell ◽  
Steve Olson ◽  
Chandrasekar S. Kousik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Germplasm Line ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Four bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) cultivars, one squash (Cucurbita moschata × C. maxima) hybrid, five wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) germplasm lines, and one commercial wild watermelon (C. lanatus var. citroides) cultivar were evaluated as rootstocks for cultivated watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus) in fields infested with the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Charleston, SC in 2007 and 2008, and in Quincy, FL in 2008. Commercial watermelon ‘Fiesta’ (diploid seeded) and ‘Tri-X 313’ (triploid seedless) scions were grafted onto the rootstocks in 2007 and 2008, respectively. In 2007, the plants grafted on rootstock from the wild watermelon germplasm line RKVL 318 had significantly less (P < 0.05) root galling than nongrafted ‘Fiesta’ watermelon or plants with the squash hybrid or bottle gourd rootstocks. In 2008, ‘Fiesta’ plants with rootstocks from all five wild watermelon germplasm lines and the commercial watermelon rootstock had significantly less (P < 0.05) root galling than plants with the squash hybrid or bottle gourd rootstocks. Root galling of the squash hybrid and bottle gourd rootstocks was severe (78 to 99%) in both years. Root galling for nongrafted ‘Fiesta’ and ‘Tri-X 313’ watermelon was 36 and 50%, respectively. Root galling for the wild watermelon germplasm lines ranged from 11 to 34% and 36 to 44% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Wild watermelon germplasm lines derived from C. lanatus var. citroides were identified that may be useful as resistant rootstocks for managing root-knot nematodes in watermelon.

Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Arachis Glabrata1

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Baltensperger ◽  
G. M. Prine ◽  
R. A. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Plant Sample ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Rhizoma Peanut

Abstract Peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria race 1) is an important pest of cultivated peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Experimental data do not exist, however, to indicate whether this nematode might be a potential pest of peanuts grown for forage production. Florigraze and Arbrook, two recently released cultivars of rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) and P.I. 446898 (Arachis spp.) with perennial forage potential, were evaluated for their interaction with M. arenaria race 1, M. javanica, and M. incognita races I and III. Individual plants, grown in 150 cm3 ConetainersR, were inoculated with 3,000 eggs of one of the four Meloidogyne spp. populations. After three months gall and egg mass scores and soil-nematode counts were determined for each plant sample. A second long-term experiment evaluated Florigraze that was repeatedly inoculated with high levels of root-knot nematodes. Both rhizoma peanut cultivars were highly resistant to all root-knot nematodes tested; Florigraze appeared to be immune. P.I. 446898 was intermediate between the rhizoma peanuts and the susceptible alyceclover check. This is the first known report of such high levels of Meloidogyne arenaria resistance in Arachis spp. Further screending of A. hypogaea material can be justified based on these results and Vavilov's “Law of homologous series”. If no resistance is found in A. hypogaea, A. glabrata may provide a source of resistance that may be transferred to A. hypogea through hybridization.

scholarly journals RESISTANCE OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS VAR. CITROIDES) GERMPLASM FOR RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 520A-520
Author(s):  
J. A. Thies ◽  
A. Levi
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica) cause severe damage to watermelon and resistance has not been identified in any watermelon cultivar. In greenhouse tests, we evaluated 265 U.S. plant introductions (PIs) for nematode resistance (based on root galling and nematode reproduction), and identified 22 PIs of Citrullus lanatus var. citroides as moderately resistant to M. arenaria race 1. In subsequent tests, these 22 PIs exhibited low to moderate resistance to M. incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 2. Three watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus) cultivars (Charleston Gray, Crimson Sweet, and Dixie Lee), three C. colocynthis PIs, and four C. lanatus var. citroides PIs, all previously shown to be susceptible to M. arenaria race 1, were susceptible to M. incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 2. The C. lanatus var. citroides PIs that are most resistant to both M. incognita and M. arenaria should be useful sources of resistance for developing root-knot nematode resistant watermelon cultivars.

scholarly journals Resistance sources to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii in Solanum species

2020 ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Jadir Borges Pinheiro ◽  
Giovani Olegario da Silva ◽  
Jhenef Gomes de Jesus ◽  
Danielle Biscaia ◽  
Raphael Augusto de Castro e Melo
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Species ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Reproduction Factor

The objective of this work was to prospect sources of resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii in Solanum species with potential to be used as rootstocks for cultivated Solanaceae. Nine accessions of Solanum sessiliflorum, 27 accessions of S. lycocarpum, 21 accessions of S. acanthodes, 22 accessions of S. scinericum and 26 accessions of S. scuticum for resistance to M. enterolobii. Rutgers and Nemadoro tomatoes were used as susceptible and resistant controls, respectively. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Embrapa Vegetables, Brasília-DF, Brazil, in a completely randomized design with six replications. The experimental unit was a represented by a single plant grown in a plastic pot containing 3 L of substrate. 4000 eggs and eventual juveniles of second stage M. enterolobii were inoculated per pot. At 119 days after inoculation, gall index (Gi), egg mass index (EMI), number of eggs per root gram (NE) and reproduction factor (Fr) were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and grouping of treatments by Scott-Knott. It was verified that S. acanthodes and S. Lycocarpum are species with high resistance to M. enterolobii, with accessions being classified identified as immune. S. scuticum also has great potential, as several resistant accessions were identified, although some accessions were quite susceptible; whereas for S. subinerme only 4 resistant accessions were identified, although all others presented a reproduction factor much lower than tomato cv. Nemadoro as control; and all evaluated S. sessiliflorum accessions were susceptible.

scholarly journals Reaction of weeds, found in vegetable production areas, to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. enterolobii

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
Jadir B Pinheiro ◽  
Giovani Olegario da Silva ◽  
Danielle Biscaia ◽  
Amanda G Macedo ◽  
Núbia Maria Correia
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Production Areas

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematodes cause great damage to vegetable crops in Brazil, besides having a large range of host plants, such as weeds. Weeds can maintain the inoculums or even favor the multiplication of these nematodes. In this study we evaluated the reaction of selected weed species, present in a vegetable production area, to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. enterolobii. The trials were conducted in a greenhouse at Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília-DF, in a completely randomized design with six replicates. Fifteen weed species were evaluated for M. incognita race 1, and 16 weed species were evaluated for M. enterolobii. Two tomato cultivars were evaluated as resistance and susceptibility standards. Gall index (IG), egg mass index (IMO), number of eggs per gram of roots (eggs/g roots) and reproduction factor (FR) were evaluated. M. enterolobii survives and multiplies more easily in weeds collected in vegetable production areas than M. incognita race 1 and, the great majority of weed species evaluated in this study are hosts of both nematode species. Only the species Urena lobata, Sonchus oleraceus, Euphorbia heterophylla, Melampodium perfoliatum and Tagetes sp. were immune to M. incognita race 1. All evaluated species are either hosts or favor the multiplication of M. enterolobii. The species which are the most susceptible to M. incognita race 1, and therefore require greater control of crops infected by this nematode are Ipomoea nil, I. triloba and Eleusine indica, and for M. enterolobii are I. nil, Solanum americanum, Hyptis suaveolens, Portulaca oleracea, I. triloba and Euphorbia heterophylla.

scholarly journals A Novel Root-Knot Nematode Resistance QTL on Chromosome Vu01 in Cowpea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arsenio D. Ndeve ◽  
Jansen R. P. Santos ◽  
William. C. Matthews ◽  
Bao L. Huynh ◽  
Yi-Ning Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resistance Qtl ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Allelism Tests ◽  
Production Areas

ABSTRACTThe root-knot nematode (RKN) species Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica cause substantial root system damage and suppress yield of susceptible cowpea cultivars. The narrow-based genetic resistance conferred by the Rk gene, present in some commercial cultivars, is not effective against Rk-virulent populations found in several cowpea production areas. The dynamics of virulence within RKN populations require a broadening of the genetic base of resistance in elite cowpea cultivars. As part of this goal, F1 and F2 populations from the cross CB46-Null (susceptible) x FN-2-9-04 (resistant) were phenotyped for M. javanica induced root-galling (RG) and egg-mass production (EM) in controlled growth chamber and greenhouse infection assays. In addition, F2:3 families of the same cross were phenotyped for RG on field sites infested with Rk-avirulent M. incognita and M. javanica. The response of F1 to RG and EM indicated that resistance to RKN in FN-2-9-04 is partially dominant, as supported by the degree of dominance in the F2 and F2:3 populations. Two QTLs associated with both RG and EM resistance were detected on chromosomes Vu01 and Vu04. The QTL on Vu01 was most effective against aggressive M. javanica, whereas both QTLs were effective against avirulent M. incognita. Allelism tests with CB46 x FN-2-9-04 progeny indicated that these parents share the same RKN resistance locus on Vu04, but the strong, broad-based resistance in FN-2-9-04 is conferred by the additive effect of the novel resistance QTL on Vu01. This novel resistance in FN-2-9-04 is an important resource for broadening RKN resistance in elite cowpea cultivars.

scholarly journals Identification of Chili Pepper Genotypes (Capsicum spp.) Resistant to Meloidogyne enterolobii

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. S. Marques ◽  
J. V. G. Chadud ◽  
M. F. Oliveira ◽  
A. R. Nascimento ◽  
M. R. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nematode Population Density ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Chili pepper has economic importance and is the dominant Solanaceae in the market of spicy spices. Among the pathogens that affect this crop, Meloidogyne enterolobii is one of the most important because it presents a wide range of hosts and there are no resistance genes identified that are efficient against this species. The present study aimed to evaluate the reaction of chili pepper genotypes (Capsicum spp.) to M. enterolobii in order to identifify genetic resistance. Three experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions: Experiment I, with 53 genotypes with ten replications; Experiment II, with twenty genotypes with ten replications; Experiment III in a 16 &times; 4 factorial scheme, with sixteen Capsicum spp. genotypes and four inoculum concentrations of M. enterolobii and eight replications. Inoculation was performed seven days after transplanting the Capsicum spp. seedlings into 2L plastic bags filled with sterilized soil and sand (2:1), using 4,000 eggs + J2/plant. Ninety days after inoculation (DAI) (Experiments I and II) and 60 DAI (Experiment III) nematode population density, reproduction factor (RF), fresh root mass, egg mass index (EMI) and gall index (GI) were evaluated. Genotypes with RF &lt; 1.0 were considered resistant according to Oostenbrink (1966). Thirty one genotypes of Capsicum spp. showed resistance to M. enterolobii with RF ranging from 0.87 to 0.08. Seventeen resistant genotypes of C. chinensis presented RF lower than 0.85, ten genotypes of C. annuum had the RF lower than 0.75, three genotypes of C. frutescens had the RF lower than 0.87 and only one genotype of C. baccatum was resistant to M. enterolobii, presenting RF = 0.6. EMI and GI weren&rsquo;t considered reliable variables to determine resistance and susceptibility. Fourteen genotypes rated as resistant in Experiments I and II were submitted to increasing concentrations of inoculum and, nevertheless, remained resistant.

scholarly journals Survey and Identification of Root-Knot Nematodes Associated with Brinjal Crops in Fatehabad, Agra

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Bindhya Yadav ◽  
Sanoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Index Point ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Heavy Infection ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Almost All

A survey was conducted over a period of one and half year to estimate the occurrence of root-knot nematode disease on brinjal crops in five selected localities in and around Fatehabad, Agra. Our survey indicates that brinjal crops grown in the selected localities were heavily infested with root-knot nematodes. Highest frequency of disease occurrence in which almost all the roots have knot-like appearance (>85%) was reported from Firozabad Road area. Other localities were also having the significant infestations and these were reported as 80%, 78%, 65%,62% respectively. To access the damage caused by root-knot nematodes in brinjal crop, Meloidogyne gall index and its egg-mass index were calculated and these were found in the range of 2-5. An increased gall index and egg-mass index point to heavy infection on selected crops. Sampled crop showed the significant presence of Meloidogyne javanica. However, there were other species of root-knot nematode as mixed population was also reported. Other species of the root-knot nematodes which were reported in this survey was M. incognita. This survey indicates that the M. javanica is a frequently occurring population in brinjal field infested with root-knot disease.

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