Survey and Identification of Root-Knot Nematodes Associated with Brinjal Crops in Fatehabad, Agra

A survey was conducted over a period of one and half year to estimate the occurrence of root-knot nematode disease on brinjal crops in five selected localities in and around Fatehabad, Agra. Our survey indicates that brinjal crops grown in the selected localities were heavily infested with root-knot nematodes. Highest frequency of disease occurrence in which almost all the roots have knot-like appearance (>85%) was reported from Firozabad Road area. Other localities were also having the significant infestations and these were reported as 80%, 78%, 65%,62% respectively. To access the damage caused by root-knot nematodes in brinjal crop, Meloidogyne gall index and its egg-mass index were calculated and these were found in the range of 2-5. An increased gall index and egg-mass index point to heavy infection on selected crops. Sampled crop showed the significant presence of Meloidogyne javanica. However, there were other species of root-knot nematode as mixed population was also reported. Other species of the root-knot nematodes which were reported in this survey was M. incognita. This survey indicates that the M. javanica is a frequently occurring population in brinjal field infested with root-knot disease.

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Susceptibility of Eight Herbs to Common Root-Knot Nematodes

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-20.2.101 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 101-103

Author(s):

Jerry T. Walker

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Mass Production ◽

Root Systems ◽

Common Species ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Common Root ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Gall Index ◽

Herb Species

Abstract Eight herb species were inoculated with two common species of root-knot nematode and grown for 2 months in a greenhouse. Root systems were examined for galls and egg mass production. All herb species were susceptible but developed fewer galls and had lower gall indices than Rutgers tomato. Burnet, chives, valerian and winter savory had few galls or low gall indices. Eggs were produced on all. Chamomile had a high gall index. Chicory, parsley, and sorrel had intermediate indices. Herbs were equally susceptible to the southern (Meloidogyne incognita) and peanut root-knot nematodes (M. arenaria), particularly at the highest inoculum densities. Mean dry weights of inoculated herbs were not always significantly less than the non-inoculated plants, suggesting that some herbs may be tolerant to root-knot nematodes.

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Weed Hosts of Root-Knot Nematodes and Their Distribution in Fiji

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-09-00071.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 607-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sunil K. Singh ◽

Uma R. Khurma ◽

Peter J. Lockhart

Keyword(s):

Soil Samples ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Weed Species ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Weed Hosts ◽

Host Status ◽

Gall Index ◽

Reservoir Hosts

Weeds can act as reservoir hosts of a range of pests and diseases. Information and knowledge on the host status of weeds to common pests and diseases can be used to develop integrated weed and pest management strategies. As part of a survey on the distribution and diversity of root-knot nematodes on crops in Fiji, the root-knot nematode host status of weeds was also studied. Weeds growing in root-knot nematode infested farms (n= 189) and bioassay pot soil samples (n= 277) were identified, and their host status was determined on the basis of a root gall and egg-mass index scale from 0 to 5. A total of 45 weed species were recorded as potential weed hosts of root-knot nematodes with a gall index from 1 to 5. Using the weed and tomato bioassay method, a total of 11 nonhost weed species were recorded with a gall index of 0, relative to infected tomato growing in pot soil samples. Common weeds infected by root-knot nematodes on farms and in bioassay pot soil included slender amaranth, old world diamond-flower, tropic ageratum, sicklepod, mimbra, balsamapple, purple bushbean, little ironweed, ivy gourd, and cutleaf groundcherry. The presence of egg masses on the weed hosts indicated their ability to sustain root-knot nematode populations and, thus, their potential to act as reservoir hosts.

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Reaction of wild Solanaceae rootstocks to the parasitism of (Meloidogyne javanica)

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620190102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 17-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jéssica Cardoso ◽

Luiza Tonelli ◽

Talita S Kutz ◽

Fernanda D Brandelero ◽

Thiago de O Vargas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Species ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Santa Cruz ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Final Population ◽

Solanum Viarum ◽

Susceptible Tomato ◽

Reproduction Factor

ABSTRACT Intensive production of vegetables in greenhouses can increase the amount of inoculum of soil-borne pathogens, such as the root-knot nematode. Thus, in this study we aimed to evaluate the potential of Solanaceae as rootstocks resistant to Meloidogyne javanica nematodes as an alternative to tomato grafting. The experiment consisted of seven treatments: wild species joá-vermelho (Solanum capsicoides), joá-bagudo (Solanum palinacanthum), joá-bravo (Solanum viarum), jurubeba (Solanum spp.) and the commercial tomato cultivars Santa Cruz Kada, Batalha and Guardião. The analyzed variables were gall index; egg mass index; final nematode population; reproduction factor (FR) and reaction: susceptibility, resistance and immunity; fresh shoot and root mass and number of eggs per gram of roots. The wild species joá-vermelho, joá-bagudo and jurubeba showed resistance, with the lowest indexes of galls, egg mass, final population of nematodes and number of eggs per gram of root, not differing from the resistant control treatment (hybrid rootstock Guardião), with a reproduction factor less than 1, showing potential to be used as a resistant rootstock to M. javanica. Joá-bravo species showed susceptibility to the root-knot nematode, with a FR>1, not differing from the susceptible tomato Santa Cruz Kada. These results confirm the resistance of wild species to nematode parasitism, which can prove the viability of use as possible alternative rootstocks, and reinforce the idea that more studies should be carried out aiming to provide more viable options for farmers and plantlet producers.

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Reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii in lettuce cultivars of the American group

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620150000200002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 147-150

Author(s):

Érika CSS Correia ◽

Norberto Silva ◽

Marylia GS Costa ◽

Silvia RS Wilcken

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Potential ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Second Stage ◽

American Group ◽

Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Gall Index ◽

Summer Time ◽

Reproduction Factor

Lettuce is the main vegetable cultivated in Brazil, in volume and in marketed value. There are ranges of diseases which may affect lettuce crops, including those caused by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). We evaluated the reproductive potential of Meloidogyne enterolobii in 22 lettuce cultivars. The plants were inoculated with 5,000 eggs and eventuals second stage juveniles of nematode per pot, two days after the transplanting. 'Rutgers' tomato was used as standard for inoculum viability of M. enterolobii. We evaluated, 60 days after inoculation, the gall index, egg mass index and reproduction factor (RF). The 'Ithaca', 'Raider Plus', 'RS-1397', 'L-104', 'Challenge', 'IP-11', 'Classic', 'Salinas 88', 'Vanguard 75', 'Calona' and 'Desert Queen' were resistant to M. enterolobii with RF varying from 0.22 to 0.9, and the cultivars Lady Winterset, Robinson, Sonoma, Raider, Lucy Brown, Bnondaga, Summer Time, Taina, Sundevil and L-109 were susceptible to this nematode, with RF ranging from 1.06 to 5.73.

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The isolation of a single spore isolate of Pasteuria penetrans and its pathogenicity on Meloidogyne javanica

Nematology ◽

10.1163/1568541042665250 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 463-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James R. Trotter ◽

Daim Ali Darban ◽

Simon R. Gowen ◽

Alistair H. Bishop ◽

Barbara Pembroke

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Parental Population ◽

Pasteuria Penetrans ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Single Spore ◽

Mass Line ◽

Single Spore Isolate ◽

Spore Population

Abstract We have obtained a single spore isolate of Pasteuria penetrans, derived by allowing a single spore to attach to a secondstage juvenile (J2) of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. By analysing DNA sequences at three different loci we have obtained evidence that the isolate is, indeed, genetically pure. We compared the ability of the single spore isolate and the parent population from which it was selected to attach to and parasitise both the original population of M. javanica on which it was isolated and a single egg mass line derived from it. There was no difference in the attachment of spores of the single spore isolate to juveniles compared to the parental population, although there were higher numbers of both attaching to J2 of the single egg mass line compared to its parental population. Judging from the numbers of egg masses and Pasteuria -infected females, the single spore isolate was less pathogenic to the parental population of M. javanica than was the parental spore population.

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Resistance sources to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and M. enterolobii in sweet potato

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620200203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 126-133

Author(s):

Paula Andrea O Carmona ◽

Jadir B Pinheiro ◽

Geovani Bernardo Amaro ◽

Giovani Olegario da Silva ◽

José Ricardo Peixoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Population Increase ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Race 1 ◽

Gall Index ◽

Reproduction Factor

ABSTRACT One of the main obstacles for food production in many developing countries, as in Brazil, is the damage caused by root-knot nematodes, mainly those belonging to the genus Meloidogyne. This study aimed to assess the resistance levels of 44 sweet potato genotypes to M. javanica, M. incognita race 1 and M. enterolobii. These researches were carried out in 2014, under greenhouse conditions in Brasília-DF, Brazil. A completely randomized design with six replicates of one plant/plot/treatment was used. We determined the gall index (GI) and egg mass index (EMI) in the root system of each plant, the number of eggs and juveniles per gram of root with galls and the nematode reproduction factor. M. javanica was less aggressive and reproduced in only 9.09% of the evaluated genotypes; M. incognita race 1 was intermediate (47.73%); whereas M. enterolobii was more aggressive, with a population increase in 79.55% of the genotypes. The genotypes CNPH 1200, CNPH 1219, CNPH 1292, CNPH 1392, CNPH 60 and ‘Coquinho’ were the most resistant to the three species and can be used in breeding programs for multiple resistance to root-knot nematodes.

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Resistance of ten common medicinal plants to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Hellenic Plant Protection Journal ◽

10.2478/hppj-2019-0002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 6-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Ansari ◽

H. Charehgani ◽

R. Ghaderi

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plantago Lanceolata ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Matricaria Chamomilla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Rumex Acetosella ◽

Marrubium Vulgare ◽

Gall Index ◽

Reproduction Factor

Summary A preliminary survey indicated that the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica is widely distributed in the rhizosphere of medicinal plants in Boyer-Ahmad region (Iran). Host suitability of ten species of medicinal plants to M. javanica was examined in a pot experiment under controlled greenhouse conditions: alkakengy (Physalis alkekengi L.), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), English plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), garden anchusa (Anchusa italica Retz.), horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.), lovage (Levisticum officinale L.), sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.), thistle (Echinops adenocaulos Boiss.) and woundwort (Stachys pilifera Benth.). According to the scheme of Canto-Saenz, seven species, namely garden anchusa, fennel, horehound, alkakengy, English plantain, woundwort and sorrel can be considered susceptible hosts with gall index (GI) > 2 and reproduction factor (RF) > 1, and thistle, lovage and chamomile, can be considered as hyper-susceptible with GI > 2 and RF ≤ 1.

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Community Analysis of Nematodes Associated with Banana, Identification of root knot nematode and Evaluation the Susceptibility of Some Cultivars to Infection

10.21203/rs.3.rs-740928/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Radwa G. Mostafa ◽

Aida M. El-Zawahry ◽

Ashraf E. M. Khalil ◽

Ameer E. Elfarash ◽

Ali D. A. Allam

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Common Species ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Control Measures ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic

Abstract Background Plant-parasitic nematodes are extremely dangerous pests in a variety of economically important crops. The purpose of this study was a survey of all nematode species existing in banana from three sites in Assiut Governorate, Egypt and to characterize the most common species by morphological, morphometric and molecular techniques (PCR with species-specific primers). Then, study of resistance or sensitivity of some banana cultivars to root-knot nematodes.Methods and Results Four nematodes, Meloidogyne, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Helicotylenchus and Pratylenchus were isolated and identified from soil and root samples collected from banana plants. Most frequently occurring of plant parasitic nematode species in banana was Meloidogyne. Former research found differences in species and in resistance to root-knot nematodes among the examined plant cultivars. Identification of Root-knot nematodes by Characterize of morphometric, molecularly, morphological isolate of Meloidogyne related to banana plants. The results revealed that the identified nematode species, Meloidogyne javanica, is the most common plant-parasitic nematodes in all locations. Data on the susceptibility of the tested banana cultivars to M. javanica revealed that Grand Naine was highly susceptible (HS) however, Magraby was susceptible (S) but Williams and Hindi cultivars were moderately resistant (MR).Conclusions we concluded that a survey revealed the significant prevalence of Meloidogyne javanica, the most important nematodes on banana in Assiut. The morphometric, morphological, and molecular identification were harmonic with one another. In addition to the host response of certain banana cultivars, to M. javanica that resistance is of significance and can be helpful to incorporate through planning control measures for root- knot nematodes.

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Meloidogyne Species Associated with Weeds in Rio Grande do Sul

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100095 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. BELLÉ ◽

T.E. KASPARY ◽

R.R. BALARDIN ◽

R.F. RAMOS ◽

Z.I. ANTONIOLLI

Keyword(s):

Host Plants ◽

Management Practices ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Weed Species ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Meloidogyne Species

ABSTRACT: The frequency of species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) was evaluated in weeds collected in different fallow farms in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In the samples where the nematode was found, the species of the root-knot nematode was identified by electrophoresis using the isozyme esterase. They were obtained from weeds belonging to 24 weed species from 13 different botanical families: Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Commelinaceae, Convovulaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Oxalidaceae, Poaceae, Portulacaceae, Solanaceae, Verbenaceae. Meloidogyne javanica Est J3 (Rm: 1.0, 1.25, 1.40) was the most frequent species and occurred in 53.3% of the samples. M. arenaria with phenotype Est. A2 (Rm: 1.20, 1.30) was detected in 15.6% of the samples. M. incognita Est. I2 (Rm: 1.0, 1.1), M. ethiopica Est. E3 (Rm: 0.9, 1.15, 1.30), M. enterolobii Est. M2 (Rm: 0.7, 0.75, 0.9, 0.95) and M. hapla Est. H1 (Rm: 1.17) in 13.3%, 8.9%, 6.7% and 2.2% of the samples, respectively. Therefore, knowledge of the range of host plants to different species of the root-knot nematode can positively contribute to the adoption of management practices that allow the reduction of their populations in the soil.

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Determining of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) damage function for tomato cultivars

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1302147g ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 147-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fatemeh Gharabadiyan ◽

Salar Jamali ◽

Reza Komeili

Keyword(s):

Maximum Yield ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Initial Population ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Effective Population ◽

Damage Functions ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Tomato Cultivars

Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) management should be partly based on the knowledge of the threshold density, and this value is likely to vary depending on the resistance level of the tomato cultivars. The damage functions based on four initial population densities (Pi) (0, 1,000, 3,000 and 5,000 egg kg-1 of soil) of root-knot nematode were determined in four tomato cultivars. The experiment was performed in completely randomized design with four replications. The results showed that yield responses to Pi were fitted properly by a log-logistic function with three parameters. The most susceptible cultivar was ?Rutgers? based on EP50 and EP10 (effective population of nematodes, reducing 50% or 10% of maximum yield or shoot fresh weight respectively) and three others were relatively resistant. EP10 is more applicable than EP50 because 50% yield reduction is unacceptable in most situations. EP10 for yield of ?Rutgers?, ?Efialto?, ?Falat 111?, ?Gina VF? was 500, 3,021, 2,998, and 3,000 egg kg-1 of soil, respectively. The correlation coefficients among gall index, egg mass and reproductive factors were positively related. Reproduction factor and root gall indices were greater in ?Rutgers? than in the other cultivars (P?0.05). For ?Gina VF? as a relatively resistant cultivar it seemed that increasing of Pi up to 5,000 or more egg kg-1 soil might break its resistance.

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