Cowpea and beet intercropping agro-economic dynamics under spatial arrangement and cowpea population density

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of planting spatial arrangements between the cowpea and beet crops in intercropping and of cowpea population densities on the crop’s productivity and in the agro-economic efficiency of the association at two growing seasons. The experimental design was of randomised blocks with the treatments arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, in four replications. The first factor was constituted by three spatial arrangements between the component cultures (2:2, 3:3 and 4:4), formed by beet rows alternated with cowpea rows, while the second factor was constituted by the population densities of cowpea: 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended population in single crop (RDSC). The production and its components were evaluated in the beet and cowpea. Apart from these characteristics, the following agro-economic indicators were also determined for each treatment: system productivity index (SPI), the land equivalent coefficient (LEC), and the monetary equivalent ratio (MER). The maximum production of commercial beet roots was obtained with 15.60 t ha-1 productivity at density of 61.82% of RDSC within the 4:4 arrangement, while the maximum yield of cowpea green grains of 2.23 t ha-1 was reached at density of 79.57% of RDSC within 2:2 spatial arrangement. The productivities of beet roots of extra A, extra AA and great types decreased with increasing cowpea population density, without any influence of the tested spatial arrangements. The maximum mean productivity of cowpea green pods of 1.74 t ha-1 was obtained at density of 87.47% of RDSC, reached within 2:2 spatial arrangement. The maximum economic efficiency of the cowpea-beet intercropping was obtained with MER of 1.11 at cowpea density of 100% of RDSC, irrespective of the spatial arrangement and growing season.

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Productive and agro-economic benefits in beet-lettuce intercropping under organic manuring and population densities

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13883 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. e10510413883

Author(s):

Natan Medeiros Guerra ◽

Francisco Bezerra Neto ◽

Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima ◽

Elizangela Cabral dos Santos ◽

Renato Leandro Costa Nunes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Cropping System ◽

Arid Environment ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Productivity Index ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Population Densities ◽

Leaf Production ◽

System Productivity ◽

Economic Indexes

The use of a cropping system that provides producers with better land use, higher productivity per unit area, greater diversification in production, and consequently agro-economic advantages, has been the choice of vegetables producers. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the productive and agro-economic benefits of beet-lettuce intercropping under different equitable amounts of Merremia aegyptia and Calotropis procera biomass (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on a dry basis) in different lettuce population densities (150, 200, 250, and 300 thousand plants ha-1), in two cropping years in semi-arid environment. In the cultures and in the intercropping, the production and its components and the agro-economic indexes were evaluated. The maximum production of beet commercial roots in intercropping with lettuce was obtained with a productivity of 33.77 t ha-1 in the amount of 65 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass incorporated into the soil and in the lettuce population density of 300 thousand plants per hectare, while the maximum lettuce leaf production was achieved with a productivity of 24.40 t ha-1 in the same combination of green manure amounts and lettuce population densities. The greatest agro-economic advantages of the beet intercropping with lettuce were achieved with a system productivity index (SPI) of 32.97 t ha-1, land equivalent coefficient (LEC) of 0.87 and a monetary equivalence ratio (MER) of 1.55, respectively, in the combination of 65 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass with a lettuce population density of 300 thousand plants per hectare.

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PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF CARROT AND COWPEA INTERCROPPING SYSTEM UNDER DIFFERENT SPATIAL ARRANGEMENTS AND POPULATION DENSITIES

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252018v31n103rc ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 19-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

GIORGIO MENDES RIBEIRO ◽

FRANCISCO BEZERRA NETO ◽

JAILMA SUERDA SILVA DE LIMA ◽

MAIELE LEANDRO DA SILVA ◽

AURÉLIO PAES BARROS JÚNIOR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Population Density ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Spatial Arrangement ◽

Root Production ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Population Densities ◽

Caatinga Biome

ABSTRACT Spatial arrangement and population density of component cultures, when well structured, may contribute to increased crop yields relative to monocultures. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance of carrot and cowpea in an intercropping system under different spatial arrangements and population densities. This research was conducted on the “Rafael Fernandes” experimental farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates, where the treatments were arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, in which the first factor was three spatial arrangements (2:2, 3:3, and 4:4) and the second factor was four different population densities of cowpea (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% of the recommended population in the single crop [RPSC]). Rooster tree Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br., a spontaneous species of the „Caatinga‟ biome, was used as fertilizer. The characteristics evaluated in carrot were as follows: total and commercial productivity of roots and classified root production. The following characteristics were evaluated for cowpea: number of pods per square meter, length and yield of green pods, number of grains per pod, 100grain weight, and yield of green grains. The modified monetary advantage was used to evaluate the feasibility of the intercropped systems. Spatial arrangements between the component cultures did not influence the agroeconomic performance of the carrot-cowpea intercropping system. The highest agro-economic performance of the carrot-cowpea intercropping was obtained in the population of cowpea, which was 42% of the RPSC.

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The effect of varying plant population density on the seed yield of Navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)in south-east Enland

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600037242 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 567-576 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. H. Scarisbrick ◽

J. M. Wilkes ◽

R. Kempson

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Population Density ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Plant Density ◽

Growing Season ◽

Plant Population ◽

Population Densities ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Navy Beans ◽

Plant Population Density

SUMMARYNavy beans were precision drilled in 1973–5 at a range of plant population densities. Within each growing season the density treatments did not influence seed yield, but mean yields differed significantly between years. The results suggest that cultivars similar to Purley King can only be regarded as a reliable break crop in a season such as 1973 which was slightly warmer and drier in mid-summer than average. Although the rate of drying increased with increasing plant density in two of the growing seasons, no practical advantages are proposed.

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Beet-arugula intercropping under green manuring and planting density induce to agro-economic advantages

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-0536-20210413 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 432-443

Author(s):

Vitor AS Lino ◽

Francisco Bezerra Neto ◽

Jailma SS Lima ◽

Elizangela C Santos ◽

Renato LC Nunes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Arid Environment ◽

Productivity Index ◽

Planting Density ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Population Densities ◽

System Productivity ◽

Green Manuring ◽

Equivalent Ratio

ABSTRACT One of the biggest challenges in the intercropping system of two crops is to obtain the optimal dose of green manure and the adequate population density of the crops. So, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of beet and arugula intercropping, influenced by green manuring with Merremia aegyptia and Calotropis procera and arugula population densities in two cultivation years, in semi-arid environment. The experimental design used was in randomized complete blocks, with the treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with 4 repetitions. The first factor of this scheme consisted of equitable amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on a dry basis) and the second factor, by arugula population densities (40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended density for single cropping, corresponding to 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 thousand arugula plants ha-1). The production and its components were evaluated on beet and arugula. In addition to these characteristics, the following agro-economic indicators were also determined for each treatment: system productivity index (SPI), land equivalent coefficient (LEC) and monetary equivalent ratio (MER). The greatest agro-economic advantages of the beet with arugula intercropping were achieved with a system productivity index (SPI) of 53.47 t ha-1, land equivalent coefficient (LEC) of 0.84 and a monetary equivalent ratio (MER) of 1.56, respectively, combining 65 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass with the arugula population density of 1,000 thousand plants ha-1. The maximum optimized commercial productivity of beetroots in the system intercropped with arugula was 23.20 t ha-1 using 65 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera and in the arugula population density of 1,000 thousand plants ha-1, while the maximum arugula productivity intercropped with beet was 9.65 t ha-1, in the same combination of green manures amount and arugula population density.

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AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE INTERCROPPING OF ARUGULA WITH CARROT UNDER DIFFERENT POPULATION COMBINATIONS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n109rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 76-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

THAÍZA MABELLE DE VASCONCELOS BATISTA ◽

FRANCISCO BEZERRA NETO ◽

ÍTALO NUNES SILVA ◽

MAIELE LEANDRO DA SILVA ◽

ELIANE QUEIROGA DE OLIVEIRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Population Densities ◽

Agronomic Efficiency ◽

Green Mass ◽

Sole Crop ◽

Arid Conditions ◽

Caatinga Biome ◽

Brazilian Northeast ◽

Semi Arid

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of intercropping combinations of carrot and arugula at different population densities in bicropping in the semi-arid conditions of the Brazilian Northeast. The study was conducted at the "Rafael Fernandes" Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) during the period September 2011 to February 2012. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks with treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications. The combinations were four population densities of carrot (40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended population in sole crop - RPSC) with four population densities of arugula (40, 60, 80 and 100% of the RPSC). The recommended population densities for sole crops of carrot and arugula are 500,000 and 1,000,000 plants per hectare, respectively. All treatments were fertilized with hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia L.), a spontaneous species of the Caatinga biome. The highest agronomic efficiency of carrot intercropped with arugula in bicropping was achieved in the combination of 40% of RPSC for the carrot and 100% of RPSC for the arugula. The commercial maximum yield (33.74 t ha-1) of carrot roots and the maximum yields of arugula green mass (8.06 and 2.67 t ha-1) in both cultivations were also obtained in the combination of population densities of 40% of RPSC for carrot and 100% of RPSC for arugula.

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Agro-economic efficiency of immature cowpea-radish intercropping systems in semiarid environment

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2021.v56.01666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

Author(s):

Iara Beatriz Silva Azevedo ◽

Francisco Bezerra Neto ◽

Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima ◽

Aridênia Peixoto Chaves ◽

Josimar Nogueora da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Economic Efficiency ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Block Design ◽

Productivity Index ◽

System Productivity ◽

Semiarid Environment ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Economic Indices

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the agro-economic efficiency of immature cowpea-radish intercropping systems in a semiarid environment in Brazil. The experiments were carried out in two cropping seasons, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of a 4x2 factorial arrangement for the combination of four cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars (BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba, and BRS Itaim) and two radish (Raphanus sativus) cultivars (Crimson Gigante and Zapp). The agro-economic indices - system productivity index (SPI), land equivalent coefficient (LEC), and monetary equivalent ratio (MER) - were obtained using single plots of each cultivar in each block. 'BRS Tumucumaque' and 'BRS Guariba' showed the highest productivity of immature cowpea pods, and 'Crimson Gigante' showed the highest yield of marketable radish roots. The cultivation of either 'BRS Tumucumaque' or 'BRS Guariba' cowpea with 'Crimson Gigante' radish provides a greater agro-economy efficiency and sustainability for immature cowpea-radish intercropping.

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The Effects of Root Aeration and Different Soil Conditioners on the Nutritional Values, Yield, and Water Productivity of Potato in Clay Loam Soil

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9080418 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 418 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mohamed E. Abuarab ◽

Mohamed M. El-Mogy ◽

Ahmed M. Hassan ◽

Emad A. Abdeldaym ◽

Noha H. Abdelkader ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Productivity ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Growing Season ◽

Air Injection ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Clay Loam Soil ◽

Nutritional Values ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Loam Soil

A field study was conducted in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 to evaluate the effects of air injection into an irrigation stream during the subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) process on the nutritional values and productivity of potato grown in clay loam soil. Two irrigation treatments (non-aerated and aerated) and six fertilizer applications (chicken, cow, rabbit, compost, mineral, and chicken + biochar) were compared. In the first growing season, the maximum yield occurred under aerated treatment with cow fertilizer (36.25 ton ha−1), while the minimum yield occurred under non-aerated treatment with chicken fertilizer (24.00 ton ha−1). On the other hand, the maximum and minimum yields in the second growing season were 35.00 and 24.74 ton ha−1 under aerated and non-aerated treatments with cow fertilizer, respectively. Maximum water productivity was achieved under aerated treatment with cow fertilizer (10.04 and 9.13 kg m−3 for the first and second growing seasons, respectively), while minimum water productivity was achieved under the non-aerated treatment with chicken + biochar fertilizer (5.91 and 5.26 kg m−3 for the first and second growing seasons, respectively). Fertilization using aerated treatment yielded the best results and the highest coupling after air injection, compared with the traditional methods of adding soil fertilizer without aeration. The plant growth parameters significantly increased following aeration relative to non-aerated treatments for all fertilizer applications in both growing seasons. Air injection into the soil for potatoes, unsurprisingly, not only benefitted the crop by increasing the soil–air exchange rate but also promoted water infiltration rates and nutrient absorption and reduced drainage water, thus increasing water productivity and reducing the overall irrigation requirements.

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Evaluation of turmeric-mung bean intercrop productivity through competition functions

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2018.111.1.19 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 111 (1) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Mohamaed ISLAM ◽

Mohammad ALAM ◽

Ayman EL SABAGH ◽

Celaleddin BARUTÇULAR ◽

Disna RATNASEKERA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Competitive Ratio ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

The Other ◽

Productivity Index ◽

Economic Return ◽

System Productivity ◽

Land Equivalent Ratio ◽

Production Area ◽

Equivalent Yield

An intercropping experiment was conducted with varying combinations of turmeric and mung bean to find out the efficacy of productivity and economic return through competition functions. Treatments were evaluated on the basis of several competition functions, such as land equivalent ratio (LER), aggressiveness, competitive ratio (CR), monetary advantage index (MAI) and system productivity index (SPI). Results showed that rhizome yields of turmeric were higher in intercropping system than in mono crop. It indicated that intercropping of mung bean did not affect the rhizome yield of turmeric. However, turmeric (100 %) + 3 row mung bean (100 %) in between turmeric lines intercropping system exhibited maximum yield of both the crops as well as turmeric equivalent yield, LER, competitive indices values, SPI and MAI (Tk. 2,44,734.46 ha-1) compared to the other intercropping combinations and the mono crops. Aggressiveness of intercrop indicated dominance of turmeric over mung bean in all the combinations except turmeric (100 %) + 1 row mung bean (33 %). Competition functions of intercroping suggested beneficial association of turmeric and mung bean crops. The study revealed that mung bean could be introduced as intercrop with turmeric without hampering rhizome yield with higher benefit additionally increasing mung bean production area.

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Effects of pre- and postharvest factors on browning in Braeburn

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/180/2013-hortsci ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 19-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. Hatoum ◽

K. Buts ◽

M.L.A.T.M. Hertog ◽

A.H. Geeraerd ◽

A. Schenk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Storage Time ◽

Growing Season ◽

Controlled Atmosphere ◽

Storage Duration ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

And Storage

The effects of several pre- and postharvest factors on apple cv. Braeburn browning disorder (BBD) incidence using a nine-factor experimental design has been investigated. The design allowed the determination of the effects of single factors as well as their interaction with growing season and storage time. BBD increased in severity with storage duration. BBD incidence was reduced with calcium and potassium fertilizers application, while it was increased when triazoles were used. Delayed controlled atmosphere (DCA) application resulted in less BBD in storage, while treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) increased BBD incidence. More BBD was observed in fruit stored at above optimal CO2 levels. BBD incidence was increased when O2 concentration in CA was increased from 1 kPa to 3 kPa (optimum CA) or 6 kPa. Finally, the various factors showed a different effect for different growing seasons and storage time. These findings suggest a possible mechanism for the development of BBD. Further work should focus on extending the experimental design to include the interactions between the different pre- and postharvest factors.

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CULTIVO DA SOJA EM SISTEMAS DE SEMEADURA EM LINHAS CRUZADAS E CONVENCIONAL

ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA ◽

10.17224/energagric.2017v32n1p17-23 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

André Ricardo Rodrigues ◽

Magno Luiz de Abreu ◽

Everton Dos Santos de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Population Density ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Spatial Arrangement ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Glycine Max L

A importância da soja para o agronegócio brasileiro é bastante expressiva, por este motivo existe um número significativo de pesquisas associadas às melhorias de produtividade desta cultura, neste sentido o presente trabalho buscou avaliar o desenvolvimento da soja quanto as suas características de produtividade em sistema de semeadura cruzada. O experimento foi implantado no campo experimental do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Campus Campo Novo do Parecis em Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico típico muito argiloso (68% de argila), com a cultivar TMG 132. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2X5, totalizando 10 tratamentos com 3 repetições cada, sendo que o primeiro fator corresponde aos dois sistemas de cultivo (semeadura cruzada e convencional) e, o segundo fator as 5 densidades populacionais (222000 plantas ha-1; 288000 plantas ha-1; 333000 plantas ha-1; 399000 plantas ha-1; 444444 plantas ha-1). Cada parcela foi constituída de 9 linhas de 4 metros, espaçadas em 0,45 metros. Para a área útil da parcela foi utilizado 5 linhas centrais por 2 metros de comprimento. Na área útil das parcelas foram avaliados produtividade, massa seca e os componentes de produção, a adubação foi depositada na linha de semeadura. Não se constatou diferença significativa na produtividade, número de grãos por vagem e na massa de mil grãos tanto nos diferentes sistemas quanto nas populações, como o sistema de semeadura cruzada necessita de maior quantidade de passadas de semeadora na área se constatou uma prática não viável.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Densidade populacional, arranjo espacial, sistemas de plantio, Glycine max L. SOYBEAN CULTIVATION IN CROSS-SECTIONAL AND CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMSABSTRACT: The importance of soy for Brazilian agribusiness is very expressive, for this reason there is a significant number of research associated with productivity improvements in this culture, in this sense, the present study sought to evaluate the development of soy as the productivity characteristics in seeding system crossed. The experiment was deployed in the experimental field of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Campus Campo Novo do Parecis in Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico típico very argillaceous (68% of argil), It was used the cultivar TMG 132. Experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 2X5, totalling 10 treatments with 3 repetitions each, where the first factor corresponds to the two cropping systems (conventional and cross-seeding) and the second factor with 5 population density (222000 plants ha-1; 288000 plants ha-1; 333000 plants ha-1; 399000plants ha-1; 444444 plants ha-1). Productivity cross-seeding system. Each plot consisted of 9 lines of 4 meters, spaced at 0,45 meters, at the useful area of the central portion 5 by 2 meters long lines was used. In the usable area of the plots were evaluated productivity, dry matter and production components, fertilization was deposited in plant line. It did not find significant difference in productivity, number of grains per pods, and in thousand grains weight both in different systems and in populations, such as the system of cross-seeding needs greater quantity of operations in the planting it was not stated a viable practice.KEYWORDS: Population density, spatial arrangement, planting systems, Glycine max L.

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