scholarly journals A Theory of Hegemonic Stability in South American Regionalism? Evidence from the Case of Brazil in UNASUR and Venezuela in ALBA

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
María Victoria Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Regional Governance ◽  
South American ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Political Cycle ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
Theory Of Hegemonic Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hegemonic Stability

Abstract Both Brazil and Venezuela structured their foreign policy agendas in the early 21st century on the projection of their respective leadership in regional schemes such as UNASUR and ALBA, respectively, following an intermediate hegemonic strategy. The loss of dynamism of these post-hegemonic initiatives problematizes the relationship between regional governance and the role of regional powers. ALBA is a scheme contingent on the political cycle and political voluntarism intrinsic in Venezuela’s leadership. The bloc has lost members and relevance in recent years. As for UNASUR, most of its member states have withdrawn from the bloc and it is currently not operating. In short, post-hegemonic proposals lose dynamism and support once the leadership that promoted them weakens. A certain ‘hegemonic stability theory’ contextualized to South America with regard to the leadership of Brazil and Venezuela in recent years seems to be fulfilled: the decline in power of these countries helps to account for political reversals and changes in regional governance.

Producción científica y tecnológica de Perú en el contexto sudamericano: un análisis cienciométrico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osbaldo Turpo-Gebera ◽  
César H. Limaymanta ◽  
Elías Sanz-Casado
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
World Intellectual Property Organization ◽  
South American ◽  
Technological Production ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
D Investment

This article analyzes the scientific and innovative activity of Peru in relation to its South American peers. For this purpose, indicators of investment in R&D, publications, patents, collaboration, impact and the relationship between some of them were defined. The data were retrieved from Scopus, SciVal, World Bank and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The study showed that both the R&D investment and scientific and technological production in Peru are lower than in other South American countries. Peru ranks fifth in South America in international collaboration (60.1%), and a similar trend is seen in impact and performance. All the countries in the study show increases in publications in Q1 journals, according to the SJR. Among the conclusions, it is worth highlighting the low investment in R&D in most of the countries in the region (below 0.6% of GDP), as well as the high technological dependence and the important role of universities as a driving force for research. Resumen Se analiza la actividad científica e innovadora de Perú en relación con sus pares sudamericanos. Para ello, se definieron los indicadores de inversión en I+D, de publicaciones, patentes, colaboración, impacto y la relación entre algunos de ellos. Los datos se recuperaron de Scopus, SciVal, Banco Mundial y World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). El estudio evidenció que tanto la inversión en I+D como la producción científica y tecnológica de Perú presenta valores inferiores a otros países sudamericanos. Perú ocupa el quinto lugar de Sudamérica en colaboración internacional (60,1%), una tendencia similar se presenta en el impacto y rendimiento. Todos los países del estudio presentan incrementos de publicaciones en revistas Q1, según el SJR. Entre las conclusiones hay que resaltar la escasa inversión en I+D de la mayoría de los países de la región (por debajo del 0,6% del PIB), así como la gran dependencia tecnológica, y el importante rol de las universidades como motor de la investigación.

The Horn of Africa as Venue for Regional Competition: Motivations, Instruments and Relationship Patterns

2021 ◽  
pp. 097508782110341
Author(s):  
Ismail Numan Telci
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Relationship Patterns ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
External Powers ◽  
External Actors ◽  
The Relationship

The Horn of Africa has visibly started to play a more distinctive role in international relations in the past years. Comprising Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea and Djibouti, the region is home to competition between countries of the region and influence of external actors. The region is increasingly a part of Middle East regional politics and is home to competition among regional powers such as Turkey, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Iran. It is critical to articulate how each country formulates an agenda for the region. Therefore, the article seeks to explain how each regional power came to establish policies with each of the Horn of Africa country to set the stage for a strategy that depends on the region. While the study focuses on the motivations and instruments of involvement of these actors in the Horn of Africa politics, it also focuses on the relationship patterns between these external powers and Horn of African countries. The study aims to generate a policy-oriented analysis as well as a framework with regard to the role of external actors in the Horn of Africa politics.

Declining hegemony and assertive industrialization: U.S.-Brazil conflicts in the computer industry

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
South American ◽  
Computer Industry ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Conflict Model ◽  
Theory Of Hegemonic Stability ◽  
Hegemonic Stability ◽  
Structural Conflict

Alternative explanations for the formation of U.S. foreign economic policy are explored using the acrimonious but inconclusive conflict between the United States and its largest South American ally over Brazil's restrictive policies toward the computer industry. After comparing a post-dependency/bargaining perspective, the theory of hegemonic stability, and Stephen Krasner's structural conflict model, the article argues that systemic perspectives on foreign economic policy must be complemented by an account of the interaction between the effects of international position and the dynamics of domestic politics. The resulting politicized state-centric approach, which integrates interest-based politics and ideologically defined state aims, is proposed as a means of more fully understanding the dilemmas of a declining hegemon.

scholarly journals Argentina-GCC relations. The role of state and non-state actors (2003-2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-517
Author(s):  
Gladys Lechini ◽  
Noemí S. Rabbia
Keyword(s):  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
South American ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The Relationship

The long-established relationships between Argentina and the Arab world are the result of the significant presence of Arab communities and actors in Latin America, due to several migratory waves along history. However, bilateral relations with the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have only deepened much more recently. Initiatives to widen relations such as the Summits of the South American-Arab Countries (ASPA, from its acronym in Spanish) and MERCOSUR-GCC have worked not only as a framework but also as a platform to diversify those relations in terms of the actors and initiatives involved. Since its beginning, the relationship between Argentina and the GCC states has had continuity in terms of trade exchanges and public diplomacy, even during periods defined by the absence of public policies towards the GCC countries. In this context, initiatives of a different nature conducted by socio-cultural or religious non-state actors have filled the gap, in a process of multiple exchanges, have  added value to the relation and have gone further than the economic realm and formalities of public diplomacy, especially in the period 2003-2015. Key words: Gulf Cooperation Council, Argentina, bilateral relations, non-state actors.

The Euro, The Gold Standard, and German Power

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Crawford Ames ◽  
Armon Rezai
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Union ◽  
European Monetary Union ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Monetary ◽  
Monetary Cooperation ◽  
Theory Of Hegemonic Stability ◽  
Hegemonic Stability ◽  
Do So

Kindleberger’s theory of hegemonic stability states that fixed exchange rate regimes require a leader that will provide it with disproportionate resources to ensure stability. Applying his theory to European monetary cooperation, we argue that, like the tools of Goethe’s “Sorcerer’s Apprentice,” European Monetary Union was constructed as a “self-regulating system,” and it threatens to run amok without a hegemonic leader. Germany has exercised “soft hegemony” in Europe, providing the European Union with disproportionate resources to stabilize the single market. It has the capability to be the Eurozone’s leader. But, by 2017, blinded by its ordoliberal ideology, i t refused to do so, instead placing the burden of cooperation on the weak. If Germany continues to refuse to play the role of the hegemonic leader, European Monetary Union faces collapse.

scholarly journals Marching Orders? U.S. Party Platforms and Legislative Agenda Setting 1948–2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Party Platforms ◽  
Legislative Agenda ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
Legislative Activities ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

What is the relationship between the priorities expressed in party platforms before an election and the subsequent legislative agenda? The agenda setting literature often deemphasizes the role of political parties in agenda setting, instead focusing on the importance of problems bubbling up to the surface and demanding attention from policymakers. However, parties will often express different issue priorities during elections, and compete based on those priorities. If those promises are credible, voters should be able to choose between different sets of priorities during elections. The paper utilizes new data from the U.S. Policy Agendas Project and Wolbrecht on policy attention in U.S. party platforms to study the relationship between U.S. parties and legislative activities in Congress. A time-series cross-sectional analysis finds strong evidence to support the proposition that legislative agendas are influenced by the platform of the President’s party in the short term, although the relationship differs for different types of agendas and by issue, and fades over time.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

Staring Down Death

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Joiner ◽  
Melanie A. Hom ◽  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Carol Chu ◽  
Ian H. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Eye Blinks ◽  
Potential Clinical Utility ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Lowered eye blink rate may be a clinically useful indicator of acute, imminent, and severe suicide risk. Diminished eye blink rates are often seen among individuals engaged in heightened concentration on a specific task that requires careful planning and attention. Indeed, overcoming one’s biological instinct for survival through suicide necessitates premeditation and concentration; thus, a diminished eye blink rate may signal imminent suicidality. Aims: This article aims to spur research and clinical inquiry into the role of eye blinks as an indicator of acute suicide risk. Method: Literature relevant to the potential connection between eye blink rate and suicidality was reviewed and synthesized. Results: Anecdotal, cognitive, neurological, and conceptual support for the relationship between decreased blink rate and suicide risk is outlined. Conclusion: Given that eye blinks are a highly observable behavior, the potential clinical utility of using eye blink rate as a marker of suicide risk is immense. Research is warranted to explore the association between eye blink rate and acute suicide risk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document