scholarly journals Third eyelid gland protrusion in dogs: an experimental model proposal

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1920-1924
Author(s):  
Vânia Pais Cabral ◽  
Eduardo Watanabe ◽  
Raimundo Alberto Tostes ◽  
Sandra Maria Simonelli ◽  
José Luiz Laus

The objective of this research was to present an experimental model for the prolapse of the third eyelid gland in male, adult mongrel dogs by the use of a periorbital glandular support conjunctiva tissue resection followed by macro and microscopic assessments. Length, thickness and width of normal glands were statistically studied at baseline and then again after a period of 30 days of exposition. In relation to the experimental model, 84.21% of glands, which underwent the resection of the conjunctiva support tissue, support tissue, remained protusioned. There were significant differences between normal and protusioned glands. Protusioned glands were larger in respect to length, thickness and width. For the microscopy studies, two experimental groups were established: non-treated protusioned glands (GI); and buried protusioned glands (GII). Glandular, conjunctiva tissue, and duct alterations were studied in both groups. Through the results obtained by the Schirmer's test, it was evidenced that the lachrymal production decreased when compared to the normal ones not protusioned, especially in those cases where the protusioned glands were not buried.

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Nakamura ◽  
Yasuichiro Fukuda ◽  
Tomoyuki Kuwaki

Sleep apnea occurs in humans and experimental animals. We examined whether it also arises in adult mice. Ventilation in male adult 129/Sv mice was recorded concomitantly by electroencephalograms and electromyograms for 6 h by use of body plethysmography. Apnea was defined as cessation of plethysmographic signals for longer than two respiratory cycles. While mice breathed room air, 32.3 ± 6.9 (mean ± SE, n = 5) apneas were observed during sleep but not in quiet awake periods. Sleep apneas were further classified into two types. Postsigh apneas occurred exclusively during slow-wave sleep (SWS), whereas spontaneous apneas arose during both SWS and rapid eye movement sleep. Compared with room air (9.1 ± 1.4/h of SWS), postsigh apneas were more frequent in hypoxia (13.7 ± 2.1) and less frequent in hyperoxia (3.6 ± 1.7) and hypercapnia (2.8 ± 2.1). Our data indicated that significant sleep apnea occurs in normal adult mice and suggested that the mouse could be a promising experimental model with which to study the genetic and molecular basis of respiratory regulation during sleep.


2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Tucci Jr ◽  
Carlos Augusto Ferreira Molina ◽  
Marcelo Ferreira Cassini ◽  
Murilo Ferreira de Andrade ◽  
Gilson José de Lima ◽  
...  

PURPOSE: To develop an experimental model of infravesical urinary obstruction in female rats. METHODS: After median caudal laparotomy, the urethra of 14 female rats was delicately separated from the vagina and loosely wrapped with cellophane tape measuring 0.4 x 1.0 cm. The animals were evaluated 4 (n=7) and 8 (n=7) weeks later. Five additional control animals were only subjected to separation of the urethra and vagina and monitored for 12 weeks. RESULTS: After four weeks, three rats presented vesical dilation associated with discrete ureteral ectasis in 2 animals, with the third presenting discrete hydronephrosis in one kidney. After eight weeks, five rats (71.4%) presented vesical distension with bilateral ureterohydronephrosis. No significant changes (p>0.05) in serum urea or creatinine occurred in any group compared to preoperative values. CONCLUSION: We present here an inexpensive and simple method for the slow induction of urethral obstruction in adult female rats, with the development of progressive vesical hypertrophy and ureterohydronephrosis, which may be used as an experimental model for the study of different aspects of obstructive nephropathy.


2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Pennacchini

L’articolo intende presentare una rassegna delle tematiche affrontate dalla filosofia della medicina positivista. A questo scopo, è stato necessario propedeuticamente definire lo statuto epistemologico della medicina positivista così da individuare, in seconda istanza, gli ambiti di interesse propri della filosofia della medicina positivista, e cioè il suo oggetto, la malattia, i differenti modelli causali che consentano di spiegarne l’eziologia, ed il ragionamento medico. In merito al primo ambito, l’autrice ha cercato di ricostruire una tassonomia dei diversi approcci filosofico-epistemologici adottati dai filosofi positivisti per definire la malattia e, per opposita, la salute. Chiarito che i pensatori positivisti avviano la loro riflessione da posizioni nominaliste l’autrice ha esaminato i diversi criteri di valutazione proposti dai differenti autori: oggettivo, soggettivo, e socio-culturale. In riferimento al secondo campo di interesse, è stato delineato sinteticamente il quadro dei diversi modelli causali proposti dai filosofi della medicina positivisti: modello biomedico o biosperimentale, modello evoluzionistico, modello bio-psicosociale, modello epidemiologico o statistico. Infine, l’autrice in merito al terzo settore di analisi ha cercato di evidenziare in primo luogo come per i filosofi della medicina positivisti il metodo per la medicina clinica e quella sperimentale sia unico, mentre a loro giudizio a differenziarsi siano le tecniche di prova. Pertanto è su quest’ultima problematica che si è concentrato il dibattito sul ragionamento medico venendo a delineare due differenti approcci di verifica delle ipotesi diagnostico-terapeutiche: l’approccio probabilistico e quello basato sulle prove di efficacia. ---------- The article introduces a review of the issues considered by positivistic philosophy of medicine. To this purpose, firstly it’s necessary to define the epistemological statute of the positivistic medicine, so that, secondly, it’s possible to recognize the interests of the positivistic philosophy of medicine: its object, the illness, the different causal models that allow to explain the illness etiologia and the medic reasoning. Regarding the first field of research, the author tried to identify a taxonomy of the different philosophical and epistemological approaches adopted by the positivistic philosophy to define the illness and, pro opposita, the health. Once clarified that the positivistic thinkers started their reflection by nominalistic positions, the author examines the different standard of evaluation proposed by the different philosophies: objective, subjective, and sociocultural. Regarding the second field of interest, the author gives a synthetic picture of the different causal models proposes by positivistic philosophy of medicine: bio-physician or bio-experimental model, evolutionistic model, epidemiological or statistic model. Finally, regarding the third field of investigation, the author tries to remark that clinical and experimental medicine method is unique for positivistic philosophy of medicine, while the test techniques are different for them. Insofar, it is on this last problem list that the debate about medical reasoning is concentrated, coming to outline two different approaches of verification of diagnostic-therapeutic hypotheses: the probabilistic approach and effectiveness- based one.


Author(s):  
Vicente Mitidieri ◽  
Alejandro Mitidieri ◽  
Brenda Queirolo Burgos ◽  
Julián Paione Oleszuk ◽  
Tomás Cifone

The Inferior Hypogastric Plexus (PHI) is a difficult plexus to define and dissect, hence the ease with which it can be injured both in anatomical and surgical research. Defining its relationships, with respect to the endopelvic fascia (FEP), including its formation and branches, (Baader B., et al., 2003, p. 129) would facilitate their dissection. This anatomical investigation aims to standardize different portions that require a different approach to preserve their integrity. Cadaveric material belonging to the Third Chair of Anatomy of the School of Medicine, Buenos Aires University was used. One (n=1) formolized male adult organ block and seventeen (n=17) hemipelvis were dissected: five (n=5) adult male hemipelvis formolized, nine (n=9) fetal hemipelvis formolized (7 male and 2 female), between 18 and 36 weeks of gestational age calculated by femoral length, and three (n=3) adult hemipelvis from fresh cadavers, two (n=2) female and one (n=1) male. Microdissection elements and magnifying glasses were used. We were able to distinguish three different sectors: the first, preplexual, located posterior and lateral to the FEP, where the sympathetic components (hypogastric nerves) and the parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic nerves) have not yet converged to form the plexus. A second sector, plexual, with the plexus already fully formed, located in the thickness of the FEP. Finally, its terminal portion, already devoid of the FEP, formed by nerves that go to the perineal membrane accompanied by arterial and venous vessels. Each of these sectors requires a different approach in both anatomical and surgical dissection.


1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1976-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo D. Spivak ◽  
María Angélica Politis

A total of 2243 individuals of the shore crab Cyrtograpsus angulatus were obtained from Mar Chiquita lagoon, in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, from August 1986 to May 1987. Adult crabs were found at low tide on stones or on the beach, whereas juveniles were found beneath stones. Each crab was measured, sexed, and examined for the incidence of autotomized and regenerated limbs. Crabs exhibited a high, although size dependent, incidence of autotomy that was higher in female than in male adult crabs; the lowest values were found in juveniles. Crabs lost from one to seven limbs; both sexes showed a higher number of multiple, and a reduced number of single, autotomies than expected. The highest incidence occurred in the longest and most exposed limbs: the third and fourth walking legs; the chelae showed a reduced incidence. Crabs with multiple autotomy lost adjacent rather than nonadjacent limbs. The regeneration of a lost limb did not depend on the number of autotomies in small crabs, but it did in the case of large crabs which frequently did not regenerate some of their lost limbs. The five pairs of limbs had similar, size dependent, incidence of regeneration. Adult crabs with multiple autotomies had a lower proportion of synchronous regeneration of adjacent limbs. The high incidence of autotomy in this population of C. angulatus is discussed and alternative explanations of its causes are proposed, namely, inter- and intra-specific predation and agonistic behaviour.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Perraro Sehn ◽  
Rogério Kato ◽  
Paulo de Oliveira ◽  
Alexandre Trivellato ◽  
Cássio Sverzut

Abstract ObjectiveTo evaluate the bone/screw interface of a titanium IF system and an absorbable IF system.Materials and methodsTwelve male adult dogs were subjected to osteotomy performed between the third and fourth mandibular premolars, been divided into two groups (control or experimental side). Two miniplates were applied to fix mandible fragments. Histometric values for bone-to-screw contact (BSC), bone-to-screw distance (BSD) and histological findings were evaluated at 2 and 18 weeks.ResultsDifference in BSC were detected from absorbable and metallic monocortical group on the experimental side at 2 weeks (p = 0.0041). Larger BSDs were detected at buccal bicortical absorbable experimental sides (p = 0.0041), with larger distances detected from the vestibular side to the lingual cortical side (p < 0.0001) and on the control side at 18 weeks (p = 0.0143), having metallic group significant BSD results on the experimental side at 2 weeks (p = 0.047). Connective tissue was noted on vestibular cortical side in monocortical and bicortical absorbable screw groups. ConclusionsAbsorbable bicortical screws with splint had histometric and histological behaviors similar to metallic bicortical group at lingual cortical side.Clinical RelevanceInion absorbable bicortical screws did not promote connective tissue formation at lingual cortical side.


2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Dufour ◽  
Jean-Michel Goujon ◽  
Marie-Helene Rodier ◽  
Catherine Kauffmann-Lacroix ◽  
Ghislaine Grollier ◽  
...  

We have established an experimental model of fungal sinusitis in rabbits to analyze the chronology and the pathogenesis of the development of noninvasive fungal sinusitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus. Thirty-four Pasteurella-free New Zealand white rabbits divided into three groups were included in this study. In the first group (10 rabbits), A fumigatus was inoculated into the maxillary sinus. In the second group (10 rabbits), A fumigatus was inoculated into the maxillary sinus in the presence of a wound in the mucosa. In the third group (14 rabbits), A fumigatus was inoculated into the maxillary sinus in the presence of a blocked ostium. On days 15 and 30, endoscopic, histopathologic, bacterial, and mycological examinations of both maxillary cavities and mucous membrane were performed. The rabbits were painlessly sacrificed 30 days after inoculation; mucosal and bone biopsies of the maxillary sinus cavities were performed for histopathologic studies. We found that noninvasive fungal sinusitis had been induced in 2 rabbits of the second group and 8 rabbits of the third group. We conclude that introduction of fungi into a sinus with a blocked ostium induces fungal sinusitis. The present model of experimental fungal sinusitis seems to be reproducible and suitable for further studies of the development of fungal sinusitis.


2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vartan Kurtcuoglu ◽  
Michaela Soellinger ◽  
Paul Summers ◽  
Dimos Poulikakos ◽  
Peter Boesiger

Anatomic, velocimetric, and brain motion MRI scans were combined with a computational fluid dynamics model to investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mixing in the third cerebral ventricle of a healthy male adult. It was found that advection dominates over diffusion in most of the third ventricle. Three zones where diffusion plays an important role in the mixing process were identified. One of these zones, consisting of recessus infundibulus, recessus opticus and the adjacent regions up to commissura anterior, is likely to exist in the general population. We hypothesize that this zone may act as a buffer to flatten concentration peaks of pituitary gland hormones released into the CSF of the third ventricle. We further hypothesize that this zone may facilitate the communication between hypothalamus and the pituitary gland through the third ventricle cerebrospinal fluid by prolonging residence times of the communicated hormones.


2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvio Bueno Garcia ◽  
Lydia Masako Ferreira ◽  
Miguel Sabino Neto ◽  
Natasha Sallum

In a simple, reproducible, and non-expensive experimental model the transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap has been described in male, adult Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Rodentia, Mammalia), weighing approximately 300g, at the central biotery of the Federal University at São Paulo, Paulista Medical School (UNIFESP - EPM). This article describes the use of a cranially based pedicled rectus abdominis muscle flap sling, unilaterally to the right, with the purpose to better understand the pathophysiology of and the research on new treatments to prevent partial or total flap necrosis. This experimental model sponsors quite a number of studies to be conducted to assess the effects of different drugs of physical methods on the feasibility of standard, cranial monopedicled TRAM.As a standard model, it also harbors the comparison among results from different studies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Boris Semenovich Sukovatykh ◽  
Elvin Eynulla Feyziev ◽  
Alexander Sergeevich Belous ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Trubnikova ◽  
Mikhail Borisovich Sukovatykh ◽  
...  

Objective. So far, no experimental model of the necrotic ulcerative stage of critical limb ischemia has been created. Aim. Development of a method for modeling the necrotic ulcerative stage of critical lower limb ischemia.Materials and methods. The experimental study was carried out on 120 rats - males of the "Wistar" line, divided into 4 groups of 30 animals each. In the first group (intact), the level of microcirculation in the muscles of the hind limb was determined. In the second (sham-operated) group, ischemia was not simulated, but the neurovascular bundle of the thigh was isolated and the wound was sutured. In the third group (comparison), the modeling of chronic ischemia of the leg muscles was performed by removing the femoral, popliteal, anterior and posterior tibial arteries. In the fourth (experimental) group, to simulate chronic critical ischemia of the leg muscles, the femoral, popliteal, anterior and posterior tibial arteries and veins were removed, and the peripheral nerve was damaged.In the postoperative period, the dynamics of symptoms of limb ischemia was monitored. Animals were taken out of the experiment, 10 animals in each group by an overdose of anesthesia on the 10th, 21st and 28th days. Before hatching, the level of microcirculation was determined using laser Doppler flowmetry. To study the morphological picture at the same time in the third and fourth groups, the ischemic gastrocnemius muscle of the leg was excised and a standard histological examination was performed.Results. Trophic disorders in animals of the third group developed in 13.3%, and in the experimental group - in 100%. In the experimental group, the level of microcirculation at all periods was significantly less than in the comparison group: on the 10th and 21st by 1.3 times, on the 28th day by 1.2 times, and the area of ​​muscle necrosis was greater by the same days by 21.2%, by 8.2% and by 6.8%.Conclusion. The developed experimental model corresponds to the necrotic ulcerative stage of critical ischemia in humans.


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