Malassezia Species Associated Seborrheic Dermatitis and Its Comparison between HIV Positive and Negative Patients

Introduction: Malassezia yeasts are lipophilic organisms causing certain skin diseases. Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is the second most common skin infection caused by Malassezia as well as in HIV/AIDS. Aim: To determine the frequency of association of Malassezia species in HIV infected and HIV non-infected patients with Seborrheic dermatitis. Materials and Methods: The prevalence of Seborrheic dermatitis is 5% in the general population. Hence a sample size of 80 was derived, 40 each of HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative adult patients clinically suspected of having Seborrheic Dermatitis. Specimens were collected by scraping and cellophane tape for KOH and Chicago Sky Blue (CSB) stain, and were cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. Data were analysed using SPSS version 16.0. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Majority of the patients i.e. 46 (57.5%) out of 80 were in the age group of 18-30 years with male preponderance. All HIV positive patients with SD had scaly, greasy, itchy, hypo-pigmented and erythematous lesions, & neck (23) and groin (20) were commonest sites. In 39 HIV positive and 22 HIV negative patients, >2 sites were involved. Majority of the HIV negative patients with SD had scaly (40), itchy (24) and hypo-pigmented lesions (27) & dandruff, and scalp (24) & neck (18) were commonest sites. (P<0.05). Twenty HIV positive patients had CD4 count ranging from 200-350 cells/mm3. Malassezia was detected in 38 and 34 HIV positive & negative patients respectively in laboratory diagnosis. Conclusion: Seborrheic Dermatitis has severe presentation at multiple sites in HIV positive patients as compared to HIV negative patients. Key words: Malassezia, Seborrheic dermatitis, HIV positive, HIV negative.

CORRELATION OF LIP PRINT, RUGAE PATTERN AND ABO BLOOD GROUP AMONG DENTAL STUDENTS FROM HARYANA: A FORENSIC STUDY

Introduction: Lip prints and palatal rugae are highly individualistic and stable structure, resist changes to disease and trauma and stays permanent throughout life. Correlation of lip print, rugae pattern and blood group can contribute to more precise personal identication apart from other conventional methods. Aim: To correlate lip prints and rugae pattern to blood group among dental students from Haryana. Methodology: Total 100 dental students were included in the study and divided into two groups of 50 males and 50 females. Lip prints were recorded using lipstick and cellophane tape, analyzed according to Suzuki and Tsuchiashi's classication. Rugae pattern were recorded using alginate and analyzed on the cast according to Kapali et al classication. Blood group of the same individuals were recorded and correlated. Obtained data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software v 21.0, IBM. Results: Statistically non-signicant difference was found between both male and female in upper lip pattern (p= 0.751) whereas for lower lip statistically signicant difference was found in males (p=0.004) with predominance of type III pattern whereas in females type I, II patterns predominated. For rugae, statistically non-signicant difference was found (p=0.196), in both the groups with predominance of wavy pattern and no difference in the frequencies of each type of blood group in both genders were seen. Conclusion: Rugae pattern was found to be signicantly correlated with blood group, with higher frequency of wavy pattern among dental students from Haryana

Infeksi Cacing Usus pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Negeri Cilincing 06 Jakarta Utara Sebelum dan Sesudah Pengobatan Albendazol Dosis Tunggal

Penyakit cacingan masih sering dijumpai di Indonesia. Seseorang lebih mudah terinfeksi cacing usus pada usia sekolah daripada usia dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas obat Albendazol 400mg dosis tunggal terhadap infeksi cacing usus pada anak yang positif terinfeksi cacing usus di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Cilincing 06 Jakarta Utara. Pemeriksaan mikroskopis mengunakan metode Kato Katz dengan memakai tinja yang segar. Prinsip dari metode Kato Katz yaitu pemberian cellophane tape yang sudah direndam terlebih dahulu dengan malachite green selama 24 jam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental pre-post study. Pengambilan responden penelitian dengan metode simple random sampling dan analisis data menggunakan program IBM Statistical Product for Sosial Science (SPSS) versi 23.0. Kejadian infeksi cacing usus sebelum dilakukan pengobatan dari 82 siswa, terdapat 5 siswa (6,1%) yang positif terinfeksi cacing usus dengan rincian Ascaris lumbricoides 3,7%, Trichuris trichiura 2,4%. Murid yang positif terinfeksi cacing usus diberikan pengobatan Albendazol 400 mg dosis tunggal, didapatkan hasil sesudah pengobatan yaitu prevalensi untuk Ascaris lumbricoides 0%, Trichuris trichiura 1,2%. Analisis data secara statistik menggunakan uji Mc Nemar dan didapatkan hasil p value > 0,05. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perubahan yang signifikan dan bermakna dari hasil sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan Albendazol 400 mg dosis tunggal.

Relationship of Soil-transmitted Helminth and Enterobius vermicularis Infection with Anemic in Students in Aceh Besar

Helminthiasis is a disease caused by parasites in the form of worms, one of which is the type of soil-transmitted helminth (STH), A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, N. americanus, and A. duodenale which infect humans through soil transmission. Enterobius vermicularis is the most common intestinal parasite in the whole world. Worms that live in the human intestine can cause malnutrition and anemic. This study aims to determine the relationship STH and Enterobius vermicularis infection with anemic of students in several elementary schools in Aceh Besar regency, Aceh province. This study was an analytical study using a cross-sectional study design conducted from May to November 2015. The sample consisted of the total sampling of 736 elementary school students, as well as using the inquiry method of Kato with stool specimens, cellophane tape anal swab, and hemoglobin. The correspondents who suffered from anemia and STH type helminthiasis, namely ancylostomiasis 7/7 students (100%, p=0.000); trichuriasis 30/58 students (51.7%, p=0.000) and 28 students not anemic (48.3%); and ascariasis 13/22 students (59.9%, p=0.002) and 9 students not anemic (41.1%). In enterobiasis infection, anemic students were 46/146 students (31.5%) and nonanemic students were 100 students (68.5%, p=0.634). In conclusion, all STH types related to the anemic status of the correspondent, and no correlation between anemic and infection of enterobiasis. HUBUNGAN INFEKSI SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTH DAN ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS DENGAN ANEMIA PADA SISWA DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR PROVINSI ACEHKecacingan adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit berupa cacing, salah satunya jenis soil-transmitted helminth (STH), yaitu A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, N. americanus, dan A. duodenale yang menginfeksi manusia melalui transmisi tanah. Enterobius vermicularis adalah parasit usus yang paling umum di seluruh dunia. Cacing yang hidup di usus manusia ini dapat menyebabkan kurang gizi dan anemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan infeksi STH dan Enterobius vermicularis dengan anemia pada siswa sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Provinsi Aceh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik menggunakan rancangan cross-sectional study yang dilaksanakan dari bulan Mei sampai November 2015. Sampel berupa total sampling 736 siswa sekolah dasar, serta menggunakan metode pemeriksaan Kato dengan spesimen feses, cellophane tape anal swab, dan hemoglobin. Koresponden yang menderita anemia dan kecacingan jenis STH, yaitu ancylostomiasis 7/7 siswa (100%, p=0,000); trichuriasis 30/58 siswa (51,7%; p=0,000) dan 28 siswa tidak anemia (48,3%); serta askariasis 13/22 siswa (59,9%; p=0,002) dan 9 siswa tidak anemia (41,1%). Pada infeksi enterobiasis, siswa yang anemia adalah 46/146 siswa (31,5%) dan tidak anemia 100 siswa (68,5%; p=0,634). Simpulan, semua kecacingan jenis STH berhubungan erat dengan status anemia pada koresponden, serta tidak terdapat hubungan antara anemia dan infeksi enterobiasis.

Pemeriksaan Anal Swab Berulang untuk Meningkatkan Keakuratan Diagnosis Oxyuris vermicularis pada Anak-anak Di Kelurahan Tanah Tinggi, Johar Baru

Oxyuriasis adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Oxyuriasis vermicularis atau Enterobius vermicularis (cacing kremi). Kelembaban udara yang tinggi, dan sanitasi yang masih kurang baik di Indonesia merupakan faktor yang dapat berperan dalam perkembangan dan transmisi dari cacing kremi. Oxyuriasis terjadi pada semua usia, tetapi usia terbanyak terjadi pada anak-anak. Penelitian dilakukan di Kelurahan Tanah Tinggi, Johar baru, Jakarta Pusat karena termasuk daerah yang padat penduduk.Untuk mengetahui keakuratan pemeriksaan anal swab berulang (tiga hari berturut-turut) dibandingkan pemeriksaan anal swab satu kali dalam menegakkan diagnosis oxyuriasis.Jenis Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental yang menggunakan data primer melalui pemeriksaan anal swab yang dilakukan dengan metode pita plastik perekat (cellophane tape) pada 45 anak dengan rentang usia 5-10 tahun dari 3 RW yang berbeda (RW 07, RW 08, dan RW 12) di Kelurahan Tanah Tinggi.Dari 45 anak yang ikut penelitian (anak laki-laki 23 orang dan anak perempuan 22 orang) didapatkan 73,3% termasuk dalam kategori usia muda/prasekolah (5-6 tahun) dan 26,7% pada anak usia sekolah (7–10 tahun). Ada peningkatan keakuratan pada pemeriksaan anal swab berulang (tiga hari berturut-turut) dibandingkan dengan satu kali pemeriksaan. Prevalensi yang didapat adalah 4,44% untuk metode anal swab berulang, sedangkan metode satu kali adalah 2,22%. Pemeriksaan anal swab berulang (tiga hari berturut-turut) lebih akurat dibandingkan pemeriksaan anal swab satu kali dalam menegakkan diagnosis oxyuriasis.

LIP FORENSICS; CHEILOSCOPIC PATTERN AMONG POPULATION OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN.

Introduction: Personal identity is an attribute of a mankind which makes him or her unique. Cheiloscopy is one of the sciences which is used to study and examine the lip prints pattern in order to establish the personal identity in Forensic Medicine. Objectives: To categorize lip patterns in female population of different divisions of Punjab, Pakistan according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross-sectional study. Setting: The present study was conducted on 357 female students of 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad in the department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. Period: March-June, 2018. Methods: After obtaining informed consent students were asked to stand erect and their lip prints were taken on the glass slide. Next carbon black powder was dispensed on the slide and the latent lip print pattern was obtained. The slide was preserved by using cellophane tape and lip prits patterns were scanned. These patterns were then categorized according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification by using Software Adobe Photoshop version 6.0. Results: The results showed that most participants were from central Punjab (70%) followed by Southern Punjab (19%), Western Punjab (9.6%) and Northern Punjab (1.4%). The most common lip print pattern was Type I (66%), second was Type II (17.3%), then Type IV (7.1%), after that Type III (5.1%), Type Iʹ(2.5%) & last was Type V (1.7%). Conclusion: The most common lip print pattern in females of Punjab, Pakistan is Type I while the least common is Type V.

Enterobius vermicularis infection in relation to appendicitis and fallopian tube obstruction in population of Kirkuk city

Pin worm is a nematode distributed worldwide. It infects all ages and sexes especially children, but the infection is still of a very little of concern. Different diagnostic methods were used for investigating Enterobius vermicularis prevalence in 1020 patients (500 male and 520 female) in Kirkuk city. Stool samples were collected and proceeded for General Stool Examination (GSE).The overall incidence of E. vermicularis was 34.6 %. A rate of 5.3% was detected microscopically, 5.9% by swab method, 26% by cellophane tape and 41% macroscopically by detecting the larva and adult worm with naked eye. The worm was prevalent in all ages. High rate (27%) of infested person has been infected for 7-10 years. Significantly strong relation had appeared between E. vermicularis infection and appendicitis and fallopian tube obstruction. 49.5% of infected individuals had appendicitis and 27.4% had fallopian tube obstruction, a rate of 48.4% of tubular obstructed women were infertile.12.2% of E. vermicularis infected patients had Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). All used anti-helminthic drugs were not effective against the infection. The conclusion is: high percentage of Kirkuk population is infected with E. vermicularis but most of these cases were not diagnosed. E. vermicularis infection can led to appendicitis or tubular obstruction especially in chronic cases. Therefore, parents are recommended to treat their children, especially females as soon as they recognize the infection, to preserve the future complications that might be caused by the worm as fallopian tube obstruction and infertility.

Enterobiasis epidemiology and molecular characterization of Enterobius vermicularis in healthy children in north-eastern Poland

Summary Enterobiasis is a human intestinal parasitic disease caused by human pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis. Despite being the most prevalent nematode infection in Europe and North America, predominantly among in school aged children, the data concerning infection rate and knowledge of genetic variability of pinworms are incomplete. The aim of the study was the estimation of prevalence and molecular typing of Enterobius vermicularis among healthy children in north-eastern Poland. In 2013 – 2015, 296 individuals (aged 2 – 18 years) from 12 kindergartens, schools and orphanages were examined by the adhesive cellophane tape method. Data on socio-demographic status were collected using a questionnaire. Molecular analysis was performed using the DNA of adult female pinworms and primers targeting the region of cytochrome oxidase I gene. The overall prevalence of enterobiasis was 10.1 %. Enterobius vermicularis infection rates were 3.9 % in children living in families and 32.8 % among the orphans (OR=0.08; 95 % CI: 0.04 – 0.19; p<0.001). There were no associations between distribution of enterobiasis and gender, pets possession and the season of examination. In 43.3 % of the infected children enterobiasis was asymptomatic. Based on a molecular marker three different haplotypes of pinworm were identified. All sequences clustered within type B, together with human E. vermicularis isolates from Denmark, Germany, Greece, and Japan. This paper provides complementary data on the occurrence and intraspecific variability of E. vermicularis in human population in Europe.