scholarly journals Heritability estimates for body weight and height at withers in Brazilian army horses

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2246-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Regina Tamioso ◽  
Tiago Rafael Cosmo ◽  
Concepta Margaret McManus Pimentel ◽  
Laila Talarico Dias ◽  
Rodrigo de Almeida Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Selection ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability for weight and height at withers of 260-780 days of age No Defined Breed (NDB) horses, at intervals of 40 days, which belong to the Brazilian Army cavalry. Thus, the model considered the direct genetic effects as random ones, as fixed, the effects of sex and year of birth and the linear effects of height at withers and age, as covariates for the analysis of body weight, whereas for the analysis of height, the linear effect of weight was included as a covariate. For the complete data, the estimated heritability coefficients were 0.40±0.034 and 0.70±0.019 for weight and height at withers, respectively, indicating that individual selection for these traits may be effective. On the other hand, for the data subdivided into age classes, the heritability coefficients ranged between 0.04 and 0.77 for weight, with the highest estimation for the class between 440 and 480 days of age, which indicates a higher possibility of weight selection during this period. For height, the heritability values ranged between 0.08 and 0.98, being the highest estimate found between 300 and 340 days of age, corroborating, thus, to the selection of the trait at this age.

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

scholarly journals The relationship between body weight and exterior measurements in domestic ostriches during the first four months after hatching

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Andrey Kurtenkov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

It is related leg problems to the realization of the necessity of doing a detailed analysis of the phenotype correlations between body weight and exterior measurements. As a result of the study, lower coefficients have been obtained of the correlation between the girth of the tarso metatarsus on one hand, and the body weight and the girth behind the wings, on the other hand (respectively 0.563 and 0.608), compared with the one between the body weight and the girth behind the wings (0.898). It is advisable in the selection of ostriches to take into consideration the necessity of a higher phenotypic correlation between the girth of the tarso metatarsus on the one hand, and the body weight and the girth behind the wings on the other hand, with a view to preventing leg problems.

scholarly journals The Youngest, the Heaviest and/or the Darkest? Selection Potentialities and Determinants of Leadership in Canarian Dromedary Camels

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2886
Author(s):  
Carlos Iglesias Pastrana ◽  
Francisco Javier Navas González ◽  
Elena Ciani ◽  
Ander Arando Arbulu ◽  
Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Group Movements ◽  
Type Of Behavior ◽  
Selection Of

Several idiosyncratic and genetically correlated traits are known to extensively influence leadership in both domestic and wild species. For minor livestock such as camels, however, this type of behavior remains loosely defined and approached only for sex-mixed herds. The interest in knowing those animal-dependent variables that make an individual more likely to emerge as a leader in a single-sex camel herd has its basis in the sex-separated breeding of Canarian dromedary camels for utilitarian purposes. By means of an ordinal logistic regression, it was found that younger, gelded animals may perform better when eliciting the joining of mates, assuming that they were castrated just before reaching sexual maturity and once they were initiated in the pertinent domestication protocol for their lifetime functionality. The higher the body weight, the significantly (p < 0.05) higher the score in the hierarchical rank when leading group movements, although this relationship appeared to be inverse for the other considered zoometric indexes. Camels with darker and substantially depigmented coats were also significantly (p < 0.05) found to be the main initiators. Routine intraherd management and leisure tourism will be thus improved in efficiency and security through the identification and selection of the best leader camels.

scholarly journals Two-way within-family and mass selection for 8-week body weight in different mouse populations

1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines von Butler ◽  
Henning Willeke ◽  
Franz Pirchner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Individual Selection ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Size At Birth ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYTwo mouse populations, randombred albino mice and a cross of four inbred strains, were divergently selected for high (H8) and low (L8) 8-week body weight over 18 generations using within-family and individual selection. The crossbreds showed asymmetry of selection response and realized heritabilities (H8 0·29 ± 0·01; L8 0·17 ± 0·01). In the randombred population realized heritabilities were symmetrical (H8 0·23 ± 0·01; L8 0·22 ± 0·02). Over the first nine generations individual selection was nearly 40 per cent better than within-family selection, as was expected from the full sib correlation in both populations. As selection progressed, within-family selection reached 82% and 61% of the responses obtained with individual selection in the crossbreds and randombred respectively. Correlated responses for 3-week (weaning) and 5-week body weights agreed with observations made on direct responses, but selection for L8 did not reduce weaning weight. Selection for L8 decreased and selection for H8 increased first litter size at birth. However, mass-selected L8-pairs had a higher life-reproduction and life-span than H8-pairs.

On the Expenses and Selection as affecting the Pure Premium Method of Valuation

1878 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Sorley
Keyword(s):  
Practical Interest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pure Premium ◽  
New Business ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Recent Selection

Although much has been written in recent years on the comparative merits of different methods of valuation, I am not aware that any attempt has yet been made to ascertain the ultimate bearing on the Pure Premium Method, of the facts that have been recently brought forward as to the pressure of the expenses and the effects of selection in an assurance company. Speaking generally, it will, I think, be found that proposals to diminish the pure premium reserve on account of the necessarily heavy expenses of new business, have been made without reference to the mortality profit that may be expected to arise from the recent selection of the lives, and vice versa. This being the case, it occurred to me that it might be of considerable practical interest to make an investigation in which effect would be given to the influence both of expenses and of selection, for it would enable us to estimate how far the one neutralized the other. In order to render the inquiry more clear, however, it will be well to begin by considering each separately.

scholarly journals Effects of selection for independent changes in two highly correlated body weight traits of mice

1977 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. McCarthy ◽  
D. P. Doolittle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Index Selection ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Independent Culling ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Highly Correlated

SUMMARYMice were selected for high and low body weight at 5 and at 10 weeks of age. Selection was performed (1) separately for each trait, and (2) for various combinations of the two traits, using (a) independent culling levels and (b) restricted indices. Two-way selection for each trait separately gave large responses and correlated responses. Selection by independent culling levels intended to increase 5-week weight while restricting change in 10-week weight gave no demonstrable response; selection by culling levels intended to decrease 5-week weight while restricting change in 10-week weight resulted in decreases in body weights at both ages. Index selection, intended to change weight at one age while holding that at the other age constant, was generally successful. Observed responses did not conform very well with predicted responses for either index or culling levels selection. The significance of these observations in regard to the problem of selection involving restriction of traits is discussed.

scholarly journals Phenotypic multicarter selection approach to predict genetics applied in the segregating generations F2, F3 and F4 of common black beans

Plant Omics ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Vinícius Jardel Szareski ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Demari ◽  
Maurício Horbach Barbosa ◽  
Franciene Lautenchleger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Selection Approach ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Simultaneous Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this work was to apply the phenotypic multicarter selection and predictive genetic for the attributes of the yield of common black bean seeds in the segregating generations F2, F3 and F4.The experimental design was augmented blocks, where the BRS Esplendor (BE), BRS Supremo (BS) and IPR Tiziu (IT) genotypes were used as controls arranged in four replicates, the other treatments were organized in a unique way in the experiment, the F2 segregating generation being represented by 36 common black bean populations, F3 segregating generation composed of 72 families and the F4 segregating generation formed by 44 families. The multicarter phenotypic index provided the simultaneous selection for the number and mass of seeds per plant, independent of the segregating generation of common black bean.Multicarter genetic variation is superior for the F3 segregating generation, with pronounced environmental effects on the F4 generation.The F4 segregating families express superiority to the genetic gain and magnitude of superior genotypes in relation to the commercial controls, where high genetic increase is exposed between the F3 to F4selection.The use of the phenotypic index expresses applicability to the selection of common black bean genotypes to increase seed yield.

Selection for economic characters in Austrialian Merino sheep. VII. Interactions between genotype and plane of nutrition

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
FHW Morley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Selection For

A number of groups of half-sibs were divided into two lots, one being exposed to a high plane of nutrition, the other to a low plane, from 3 to 17 months of age. Heritability, as indicated by the within sire correlation, did not vary with plane of nutrition. Genotype-treatment interactions were not present for any fleece characters or for 6-month body weight. Such interactions were large and highly significant for weight at 12 or 17 months. These findings indicate that the opinions of Hammond (1947) are not generally valid.

EFFECTS ON BROILER PERFORMANCE OF A SINGLE GENERATION OF SIRE SELECTION FOR BODY WEIGHT AT EIGHT WEEKS OF AGE FROM TWO COMMERCIAL PARENTAL GENOTYPES REARED ON SIX DIETARY TREATMENTS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. PROUDFOOT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Parental Effects ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Sire Selection

Two tests were conducted to evaluate parental effects on broiler performance involving two genotypes. The effects of a single generation of divergent sire selection for 8-wk body weight and the effects of different rearing period dietary treatments were investigated. Data from these tests support the contention that a practical gain in broiler performance may be expected from a single generation of divergent selection of parental sires for 8-wk body weight. The results also provide evidence that despite a wide variation in the methods of feeding parental stocks during the rearing period there was no significant effect on broiler performance.

scholarly journals Group adaptations do not need group selection

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-115
Author(s):  
V.S. Friedmann
Keyword(s):  
Group Selection ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Selection ◽  
Signal Function ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Characteristic Shape ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
General Explanation ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides an overview of the works on different species of birds and mammals (and other vertebrates to a lesser extent), which show the origin of group adaptations that benefit society as a whole or the entire population developing a new landscape, but costly and / or risky for each of the individuals. Their formation and development are recorded in three cases: urbanization of “wild” birds and mammal species culminating in the emergence of specialized urban populations; animal communication, when individuals in communities interact not directly, but the action of one and the counter-action of the other is mediated by a specific set of demonstrations, visual and acoustic, with a characteristic shape and signal function; in the formation of a family-group lifestyle of rodents. The objective of the research was to investigate whether the formation of group adaptations (at least in these three cases) really requires “multiplication of entities” – the use of the concept of group selection or, like the others, these adaptations can be explained by the action of individual selection. In all three cases, it turns out that the formation of the corresponding group adaptations is an action of individual selection, but influencing individuals not independent, but connected by a certain structure – social or population (spatial-ethological) to the corresponding system of supra-individual level. In all cases it turns out that first of all the structure of the system is transformed, and only then there is the process of selection of individuals who are the most adapted to the changed relationships, i.e. the selection is stabilizing rather than moving. So we pass between Scylla of socio-biological explanations and Charybdis of group selection. This is necessary because both of them are useless as a general explanation of the origin of group adaptations.

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