Ideal seeds harvest moment of different maize hybrids

The aim of this study was to identify the ideal maize seed harvest moment by different characteristics, as black layer formation, milk line development, seed moisture content and seed dry matter accumulation. Three simple hybrids from Syngenta Company were used in this work; ears from plants in the same development stage were collected, the first harvesting began 40 days after flowering, at four days interval until all seeds in an ear had the black layer formation. The characteristics evaluated were: black layer formation, milk line development, seed moisture content and seed dry matter. Seed physiological quality was evaluated by germination test, cold test, accelerated ageing and electrical conductivity. Results obtained in this study showed that the best indicative to identify the ideal maize seeds harvest moment is milk line stage 4 (75% of solidified endosperm). This stage occurs at different time for each genotype studied, 60DAF to hybrids 1 and 3, and 52DAF to hybrid 2, due to genetic differences among the hybrids.

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK NPK GROWER DAN DEFOLIASI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN BIJI DAN PRODUKSITANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)

DINAMIKA PERTANIAN ◽

10.25299/dp.2017.vol33(3).3843 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 303-316

Author(s):

Prihatin Ponco Pamungkas ◽

Maizar Maizar ◽

Sulhaswardi Sulhaswardi

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Observation Data ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Seed Moisture ◽

Filling Time ◽

Main Effect

The study aimed to determine the effect of giving NPK Grower fertilizer and defoliation to seed development and corn crop production. The design used in this study was a Factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of two factors. The first factor is NPK Grower (N) fertilizer with a dose of 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5g / plant while the second factor is Defoliation (D) with some 0, 2, 4, all leaves under the cob. The parameters observed were changes in seed dry weight (g), changes in seed moisture content (%), speed of accumulation of dry matter (mg / seeds / day), effective filling time (days), harvest age (days), and dry shelled weight ( g). The last observation data were analyzed statistically and continued with a BNJ follow-up test at the level of 5%. The results showed that interactively giving NPK Grower and Defoliation fertilizer had a significant effect on changes in seed dry weight, changes in seed moisture content, speed of dry matter accumulation, harvest age and dry shell weight. The best treatment is in the combination of 22.5g / plant NPK Grower fertilizer treatment and Defoliation of all leaves under the cob (N3D3). The main effect of NPK Grower fertilizer has a significant effect on all parameters. The best treatment for NPK Grower fertilizer is 22.5g / plant (N3). The main effect of Defoliation has a significant effect on all parameters. Best treatment Defoliate all leaves under the cob (D3).

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Soluble carbohydrates in cereal (wheat, rye, triticale) seed after storage under accelerated ageing conditions

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2010.003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽

Maciej Niedzielski ◽

Dariusz J. Michalczyk ◽

Wiesław Łuczak ◽

Barbara Adomas

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Accelerated Ageing ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Winter Triticale ◽

Seed Moisture

Germinability and the content of soluble carbohydrates were analysed in cereal seed (winter rye, cv. Warko; spring wheat, cv. Santa; hexaploid winter triticale, cv. Fidelio and cv. Woltario). Seed moisture content (mc) was equilibrated over silica gel to 0.08 g H2O/g dry mass and stored in a desiccator at 20oC for up to 205 weeks or were equilibrated to mc 0.06, 0.08 or 0.10 g H2O/g dm and subjected to artificial aging at 35oC in air-tight laminated aluminium foil packages for 205 weeks. It was shown that the rate of seed aging depended on the species and seed moisture content. The fastest decrease of germinability upon storage was observed in seed with the highest moisture level. Complete germinability loss for winter rye, winter triticale cv. Fidelio, winter triticale cv. Woltario and spring wheat seed with mc 0.10 g H2O/g dm3 occurred after 81, 81, 101 and 133 weeks, respectively. Fructose, glucose, galactose, myo-inositol, sucrose, galactinol, raffinose, stachyose and verbascose were the main soluble carbohydrates found in the seed. The obtained data on the contents of specific sugars and the composition of soluble sugars fraction in seed of rye, wheat and triticale did not corroborate any profound effect of reducing sugars, sucrose and oligosaccharides on seed longevity.

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Effect of Seed Moisture Content and Storage Container on Seed Viability and Vigour of Soybean

Bangladesh Agronomy Journal ◽

10.3329/baj.v21i1.39392 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 131-141

Author(s):

MR Ali ◽

MM Rahman ◽

MA Wadud ◽

AHF Fahim ◽

MS Nahar

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Storage Container ◽

Seed Moisture ◽

Storage Containers ◽

Initial Seed

Soybean (Glycine max) seed loses its viability in the storage which causes shortage in supply of quality seed and consequently hinders the expansion of soybean cultivation in Bangladesh.Losses of seed viability of soybean (Glycine max) in traditional storage is very common in the tropical environment. An experiment was conducted at the Seed Laboratory, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Jamalpur in 2011 and 2012 to find out the effect of seed moisture content and types of storage container on soybean seed germination and seedling vigour. In 2011, soybean seed having 94% initial germination was stored at 8, 10 and 12% moisture levels but in 2012 seeds having 96% initial germination was stored at 6, 8, 10 and 12% initial moisture levels in four different types of storage containers viz., polythene bag, plastic pot, tin can and glass jar. weredays after storage ().The experiment was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. In 2011, high germination of soybean seed (77-85%) was retained at 200 DAS for those stored at 8% initial seed moisture content (SMC) in any of the containers. Germination index and seedling dry matter decreased with increased initial seed moisture content irrespective of storage containers used. Tin preserved higher seed moisture contents of 9.93, 11.71 and 14.15% for seed stored at 8%, 10% and 12% initial seed moisture content, respectively. In 2012, 80-94% seed germination was retained at 200 DAS for those stored at 6% initial SMC in any of the containers. The germination declined to a range between 75.0 and 91.3% within 200 DAS at 8% initial SMC while those stored at 12% SMC showed rapid germination loss and the value showed down to between 9.3 and 22.0%. Vigour index and seedling dry matter decreased with increased initial seed moisture content irrespective of storage containers used. Tin also Seeds stored in tin container showed the higher final seed moisture contents irrespective of initial seed moisture content. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(1): 131-141

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Halogens, alcohols and potassium permanganate extend the storability of hot pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum l.) under accelerated ageing conditions

Journal of Horticultural Research ◽

10.2478/johr-2013-0032 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 131-138

Author(s):

Deepu Mathew ◽

S.D. Doijode ◽

K. Madhavi Reddy

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Potassium Permanganate ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Accelerated Ageing ◽

Hot Pepper ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Seed Vigour ◽

Seed Moisture

ABSTRACT The feasibility of extending the storability of fresh hot pepper seeds, by modifying the storage atmosphere, using the respiration inhibitors and seed desiccants was examined. Halogens such as chlorine, bromine and iodine and methanol, ethanol and potassium permanganate were used for a period of 22 months under accelerated ageing conditions of high seed moisture and temperature. The various seed quality parameters - viability, vigour, speed of germination, seedling dry weight, and moisture content were evaluated. In the untreated control, decreased seed viability was observed within 10 months of storage. However, iodine and chlorine were proved effective in retaining high seed viability up to 90.7 and 88.0%, respectively, even after 22 months of storage. Chlorine treatment was able to retain the seed vigour (904.0), iodine (766.4), KMnO4 (754.4) and methanol (566.7) whereas the value of vigour index in control was 72.0. Chlorine and iodine were on par in their ability to maintain the speed of seed germination (25.2 and 24.8, respectively), followed by KMnO4 (20.2). Seedling dry weight was proved as a parameter not sensitive in estimating the seed quality since even after 22 months storage of seeds at atmospheres of chlorine, iodine, KMnO4 and methanol did not show any differences. KMnO4 sharply reduced the seed moisture content from 9.83 to 7.89% providing better storability over the control.

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Physiological quality, anatomy and histochemistry during the development of carrot seeds ( Daucus carota L.)

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-70542017412009216 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 169-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rafaela Marques de Miranda ◽

Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias ◽

Edgard Augusto de Toledo Picoli ◽

Patrícia Pereira da Silva ◽

Warley Marcos Nascimento

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Single Layer ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Physiological Maturity ◽

Daucus Carota L ◽

Sudan Black B ◽

Physiological Quality

ABSTRACT The adequate time for carrot seed harvest influences its physiological quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological, anatomical and histochemical changes in carrot seeds harvested at different stages of development and to establish the most appropriate harvest time. Secondary umbels were harvested at 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 and 63 days after anthesis (DAA). For seed anatomical and histochemical characterization, sections were stained with Toluidine blue stain, Xylidine Ponceau, Lugol’s iodine, Sudan Black B and submitted to polarized light. Seed moisture content, seed dry matter, germination, first count, emergence percentage and emergence speed index of seedlings were evaluated. Cultivar Brasília carrot seeds at 14 DAA are in cell division and expansion. In addition, as lipids were identified in the endosperm, despite the seed low dry matter. At 21 DAA, reserve substances such as protein and starch were also identified. Along the seed development process, deposition of lignin occurs in the endocarp cells, and this collapsed lignified layer represents the resistance layer of the seeds. Physiological maturity, represented by the maximum dry matter accumulation, occurs at 35 DAA, with the endosperm occupying almost all volume of seeds, the embryo occupying a small cylindrical region and the integument showing a single layer of cells. At this time, the seeds presented 56% moisture content and the color of the pericarp is green-yellow. Maximum seed germination and vigor occurred at 30 DAA, just before physiological maturity was reached (35 DAA). Thus, the ideal time to harvest the seeds of cultivar Brasília is from 30 DAA, where the seeds have maximum physiological quality.

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EFFECT OF DEFOLIATION ON KERNEL DEVELOPMENT IN MAIZE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps78-030 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 207-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

M. TOLLENAAR ◽

T. B. DAYNARD

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Solid Content ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Leaf Removal ◽

Layer Formation ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Black Layer

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of leaf removal on kernel dry matter accumulation, kernel moisture content, and rate of black layer formation in kernels, in relation to changes in soluble-solid content of the stem of maize (Zea mays L.). In 1970, defoliation was begun at mid-silking and continued at 2-wk intervals until 6 wk after mid-silking. The treatments consisted of (1) no leaf removal, (2) 50% of leaf blades removed, and (3) all leaf blades removed. In 1971, a treatment with complete leaf removal at 1 wk after mid-silking was added. Kernel number was greatly affected by the treatments during the first 2 wk after mid-silking, whereas later defoliation affected mainly kernel weight. Soluble-solid content in the stem declined rapidly after leaf removal, indicating an accelerated utilization of soluble carbohydrates from the stem for grain growth. Maturity, expressed as both kernel-moisture content and rate of black layer formation, was affected significantly by the defoliation treatments. The data presented indicate that a decrease in the source–sink ratio during grain-filling advances date of maturity.

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Effect of thickness of polythene bag on seed quality of soybean

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v39i4.22550 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 709-716

Author(s):

MR Ali ◽

MM Rahman ◽

KU Ahammad

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Research Station ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Seed Moisture ◽

Dry Matter Weight

An experiment was conducted at the Seed Laboratory of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jamalpur during the period from May to November 2010 to study the effect of thickness of polythene bags on quality of soybean seed during storage. Seven levels of thickness of polythene bags viz. i) 0.02mm, ii) 0.03mm, iii) 0.04mm, iv) 0.05mm, v) 0.06mm, vi) 0.07mm and vii) 0.08mm were include as treatment in the trial. Seed moisture content, germination percentage, vigor and seedling dry matter weight were taken during May to November 2010 at two month intervals. Results showed that during the storage period the lowest seed moisture content and highest germination percentage, vigor index, seedling dry matter weight and field emergence were found for seed stored in 0.08mm thickness polythene bags. The germination of seed at two months after storage ranged between 76% to 95.3% and that was between 0% and 90.7% after six months of storage under ambient room condition. Soybean seed could be stored safely at ambient condition with more than 80% germination for six months by keeping them in polythene bags having thickness between 0.03mm to 0.08mm with 8% seed moisture content. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i4.22550 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(4): 709-716, December 2014

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Effect of relative humidity, initial seed moisture content and storage container on soybean (Glycine max L. Meril.) seed quality

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21989 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 461-469

Author(s):

MR Ali ◽

MM Rahman ◽

KU Ahammad

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Storage Container ◽

Seed Moisture ◽

Storage Containers ◽

Initial Seed

To find out the effect of storage relative humidity, seed moisture content and type of storage container on soybean seed quality, an experiment was conducted at the Seed Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh in 2008 and 2009. In 2008, soybean seed has 96% initial germination and in 2009 seed having 98% initial germination was stored at 8% and 12% initial moisture levels in two types of storage containers viz., cloth bag and polythene bag (0.06mm thickness). The final seed moisture content, germination percentage, germination index, and seedling dry matter of the seed under different treatments were measured at 60,120, and 180 days after storage (DAS). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. In 2008, highest germination percentage (89.33%) of soybean seed was retained at 180 days after storage (DAS) for those stored at 8% initial seed moisture content (SMC) in polythene bag at 50% relative humidity. Germination index and seedling dry matter decreased with increased initial seed moisture content irrespective of storage containers used. In 2009, highest germination percentage (92.67%) of soybean seed was retained at 180 DAS for those stored in polythene bag at 8% initial SMC at 50% of the relative humidity. Those stored in cloth bag at 12% SMC showed rapid germination loss and the value went down to 0.00 in both the years. Vigour index and seedling dry matter decreased with increased initial seed moisture content irrespective of storage containers used. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21989 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 461-469, September 2014

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KERNEL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AT TWO POSITIONS ON THE EAR OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps78-028 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 189-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

M. TOLLENAAR ◽

T. B. DAYNARD

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Layer Formation ◽

Lower Volume ◽

Black Layer ◽

Kernel Growth

Studies were conducted in 1975 at Guelph, Ontario, to examine kernel growth and development at two positions on the ear of the maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids United-H106 and Funk’s G-4444. Development of kernels at the base and at the tip of the ear was studied from 2 wk before silk emergence to black layer formation. Kernels at the tip of the ear lagged 4–5 days in development behind kernels at the base of the ear during the period from the start of silk growth to the onset of LDMP (the period of linear dry matter accumulation of the kernels). Tip kernels on 25% of the ears of United-H106 ceased dry matter accumulation at the onset of LDMP. Differences in kernel dry weight at black layer formation between basal and tip kernels of Funk’s G-4444 ears, and ears of United-H106 in which tip-kernel growth had not ceased at the onset of LDMP could be attributed to a shorter duration of LDMP of tip kernels and a lower rate of tip-kernel dry matter accumulation during LDMP. LDMP of tip kernels did not stop at an earlier date than LDMP of basal kernels. The lower rate of tip-kernel dry matter accumulation during LDMP may be attributable to a lower volume of tip kernels at the onset of LDMP.

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RF sensing of grain and seed moisture content

IEEE Sensors Journal ◽

10.1109/jsen.2001.936929 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 119 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S.O. Nelson ◽

S. Trabelsi ◽

A.W. Kraszewski

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Seed Moisture ◽

Rf Sensing

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