scholarly journals Genetic divergence among elephantgrass cultivars assessed by RAPD markers in composit samples

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Figueiredo Daher ◽  
Messias Gonzaga Pereira ◽  
Antônio Vander Pereira ◽  
Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Arbitrary Primers ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
The Matrix

Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is native to regions of tropical Africa and was introduced in Brazil around 1920 through plantings imported from Cuba. It is currently one of the most widespread forage plants throughout the country. At first, there were two cultivars, Napier and Mercker, with well defined characteristics. New genotypes arose and it is believed that the large number of cultivars existing today in germplasm bank is due to duplicates. DNA markers for cultivar characterization are a very valuable tool, especially in situations where morphological and isoenzymatic markers have already been used as in the case of elephantgrass. Thus RAPD markers were used to estimate the genetic divergence among the Napier group elephantgrass cultivars from the elephantgrass Active Germplasm Bank at EMBRAPA Dairy Cattle. The polymerase chain reaction with 37 arbitrary primers from the OPERON Technologies series supplied 94 polymorphic and 73 monomorphic bands. From the matrix of complement of the Nei index, cluster analysis by the Tocher optimization method formed three clusters. Pearson correlation among genetic distance estimates obtained from the DNA markers and the isoenzymatic markers showed the consistency of both the methods in assessing genetic divergence among elephantgrass cultivars. No duplicates were found in the treatments assessed.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BRAZILIAN PEPPER BASED ON QUALITATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gabriel Mascarenhas Maciel ◽  
Fábio Janoni Carvalho ◽  
Camila Soares de Oliveira ◽  
Aline José da Silveira ◽  
Lucas Medeiros Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Reproductive Phase ◽  
Brazilian Pepper

In Brazil, pepper cultivation gives producers more marketing opportunities in various segments, either for fresh consumption or industry. Reproductive traits are efficient methods for comparing genetic divergence in pepper, once most differences among accessions could be verified at this stage. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence in the reproductive phase of pepper accessions by multivariate analysis and test the efficiency of different methods. Sixty-five genotypes from the Federal University of UberlândiaCapsicum spp. Germplasm Bank were evaluated 145 days after sowing, and morphological characterization was performed at reproductive phase. Graphical representation of genetic distances was obtained by UPGMA. Tocher optimization method was also used to group accessions. Genotypes were arranged in seventeen different groups by Tocher method. UPGMA dendrogram collaborated with Tocher method, indicating the wide genetic variability of genotypes. Tocher and UPGMA methods were partially in agreement, allowing grouping 44 of the 65 analyzed accessionsequally. Multicategorical traits have the advantage of easy observation and require less time and labor, being ideal for use in gene bank and collections that do not have high human and financial resources. Moreover, these traits are not affected by the environment. Genetic divergence detected in this paper encourages other researchers to perform the characterization of pepper collections as completely as possible, because it becomes possible to generate more reliable information of the variability and genetic divergence among accessions. Our research discloses the reproductive biodiversity of pepper in “Alto Paranaíba” and “TriânguloMineiro” regions and the importance of maintaining these genotypes.

scholarly journals Random Amplified Polymorphic Markers as Indicator for Genetic Conservation Program in Iranian Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghorban Elyasi Zarringhabaie ◽  
Arash Javanmard ◽  
Ommolbanin Pirahary
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Phasianus Colchicus ◽  
Polymorphic Markers ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Arbitrary Primers ◽  
Conservation Program ◽  
Polymorphic Bands

The objective of present study was identification of genetic similarity between wild Iran and captive Azerbaijan Pheasant using PCR-RAPD markers. For this purpose, in overall, 28 birds were taken for DNA extraction and subsequently 15 arbitrary primers were applied for PCR-RAPD technique. After electrophoresis, five primers exhibited sufficient variability which yielded overall 65 distinct bands, 59 polymorphic bands, for detalis, range of number of bands per primer was 10 to 14, and produced size varied between 200 to 1500 bp. Highest and lowest polymorphic primers were OPC5, OPC16 (100%) and OPC15 (81%), respectively. Result of genetic variation between two groups was accounted as nonsignificant (8.12%) of the overall variation. According to our expectation the wild Iranian birds showed higher genetic diversity value than the Azerbaijan captive birds. As general conclusion, two pheasant populations have almost same genetic origin and probably are subpopulations of one population. The data reported herein could open the opportunity to search for suitable conservation strategy to improve richness of Iran biodiversity and present study here was the first report that might have significant impact on the breeding and conservation program of Iranian pheasant gene pool. Analyses using more regions, more birds, and more DNA markers will be useful to confirm or to reject these findings.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence in Tetragonisca angustula Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera, Meliponinae, Trigonini) based on rapd markers

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana de Cássia Oliveira ◽  
Francis de Morais Franco Nunes ◽  
Ana Paula Soraggi Campos ◽  
Soraya Matos de Vasconcelos ◽  
David Roubik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Tetragonisca Angustula

scholarly journals Research on urban public bicycle dispatching optimization method

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Fei ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Wang Shihua ◽  
Xu Yudi ◽  
Ma Hong
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Community Discovery ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Scheduling Scheme ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
The Matrix

Unreasonable public bicycle dispatching area division seriously affects the operational efficiency of the public bicycle system. To solve this problem, this paper innovatively proposes an improved community discovery algorithm based on multi-objective optimization (CDoMO). The data set is preprocessed into a lease/return relationship, thereby it calculated a similarity matrix, and the community discovery algorithm Fast Unfolding is executed on the matrix to obtain a scheduling scheme. For the results obtained by the algorithm, the workload indicators (scheduled distance, number of sites, and number of scheduling bicycles) should be adjusted to maximize the overall benefits, and the entire process is continuously optimized by a multi-objective optimization algorithm NSGA2. The experimental results show that compared with the clustering algorithm and the community discovery algorithm, the method can shorten the estimated scheduling distance by 20%-50%, and can effectively balance the scheduling workload of each area. The method can provide theoretical support for the public bicycle dispatching department, and improve the efficiency of public bicycle dispatching system.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity among surian Toona sinensis Roem in progenies test using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Jayusman Jayusman ◽  
Muhammad Na’iem ◽  
Sapto Indrioko ◽  
Eko Bhakti Hardiyanto ◽  
ILG Nurcahyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Toona Sinensis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Individual Trees

Surian Toona sinensis Roem is one of the most widely planted species in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity between a number of surian populations in a progeny test using RAPD markers, with the goal of proposing management strategies for a surian breeding program. Ninety-six individual trees from 8 populations of surian were chosen as samples for analysis. Eleven polymorphic primers (OP-B3, OP-B4, OP-B10, OP-H3, OP-Y6, OP-Y7, OP-Y8, OP-Y10, OP-Y11, OP-Y14, and OP-06) producing reproducible bands were analyzed for the 96 trees, with six trees per family sampled. Data were analyzed using GenAlEx 6.3, NTSYS 2.02. The observed percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 18.2% to 50%. The mean level of genetic diversity among the surian populations was considered to be moderate (He 0.304). Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into two main clusters, at similarity levels of 0.68 and 0.46. The first two axes of the PCoA explained 46.16% and 25.54% of the total variation, respectively. The grouping of samples into clusters and subclusters did not correspond with family and their distances, but the grouping was in line with the genetic distances of the samples.

scholarly journals Diversity analysis of Moroccan carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) accessions using phenotypic traits and RAPD markers

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Konaté ◽  
Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf ◽  
El Bekkay Berraho
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Diversité Génétique ◽  
Arbitrary Primers ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua L

SUMMARY. Diversity analysis of moroccan carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) accessions using phenotypic traits and RAPD markers. The carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is a perennial leguminous (Caesalpinioideae) that grows as an evergreen shrub or tree. It’s an important component of the Mediterranean vegetation and its adaptation in marginal soils of the Mediterranean regions is important environmentally and economically. Phenotypic and genetic diversity among 10 Ceratonia siliqua accessions coming from different areas of Morocco were studied with morphometric and RAPD approaches. The analysis of discriminative fruit characters showed highly significant differences among these accessions, the closely related ones have a similarity level less than 65%. No molecular studies have been carried out so far on Ceratonia siliqua. To provide markers useful for molecular diversity study of the carob tree, genomic DNA extraction and amplification conditions were finalized and 67 arbitrary primers were screened. 52 of them showed clearly reproducible banding patterns. The analysis of RAPD profiles revealed a high degree of genetic diversity within these carob accessions and enabled each of them to be uniquely fingerprinted. Overall, in our study we note that morphological relationship between carob accessions is deeply different to their molecular relationship. Concerning the distribution of the accessions according to their geographical origin, clustering based on RAPD data revealed a rough distribution of theses accessions. Indeed, Sidi Bou Ottman, Demnate and Essaouira accessions coming from the south of Morocco seem to be linked in the PCA plot. However, two geographically distant accessions, Aïn Sfa and Ouazzane coming from the north (about 700 Km) were clustered with Essaouira and Demanate - Sidi Bou Ottman, respectively.Key words. Carob, Ceratonia siliqua L., genetic variability, morphometry, RAPD.RÉSUMÉ. Analyse de la diversite des accessions du caroubier marocain (Ceratonia siliqua L.) utilisant des traits phenotypiques et des marqueurs RAPD. Le caroubier (Ceratonia siliqua L.) est une légumineuse pérenne (Caesalpinioideae), à feuillage persistant et pouvant croître entant qu’arbrisseau ou arbre. C’est un composant important de la végétation méditerranéenne et son adaptation aux sols marginaux des régions méditerranéennes est d’une grande importance écologique et économique. La diversité phénotypique et génétique au sein de 10 accessions de caroubier provenant de différentes régions du Maroc a été étudiée par des approches morphométriques et moléculaires (RAPD). L’analyse des caractères morphologiques discriminants du fruit a montré des différences hautement significatives au sein des accessions, puisque les apparentées d’entre elles n’ont approximativement que 65% de similarité. Jusqu’à nos jours, aucune étude moléculaire n’a été entreprise sur Ceratonia siliqua. Pour mettre à disposition des marqueurs utiles pour l’étude de la diversité moléculaire du caroubier, l’extraction de l’ADN génomique et les conditions de l’amplification ont été mises au point et 67 amorces arbitraires ont été criblées. 52 d’entre elles ont montré clairement des profils de bandes reproductibles. L’analyse des profils RAPD a révélé une diversité génétique de haut niveau entre les accessions de caroubier ce qui a permis à chacune d’elles d’être distinguée génétiquement de façon singulière. De manière générale, nous avons noté que la relation morphologique entre les accessions du caroubier est profondément différente de leur relation moléculaire. Concernant la distribution des accessions selon leur origine géographique, le regroupement basé sur les données de la RAPD a révélé une distribution grossière. En effet, les provenances de Sidi Bou Ottman, Demnate et Essaouira, originaires du sud de Maroc, semblent être liés par l’analyse des composantes principales (PCA). Cependant, deux accessions géographiquement distantes, Aïn Sfa et Ouazzane, originaires du Nord (approximativement 700 Kms) ont été liées avec Essaouira et Demanate - Sidi Bou Ottman, respectivement.Mots clés. Caroubier, Ceratonia siliqua L., diversité génétique, morphométrie, RAPD.

Segregation of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers and strategies for molecular mapping in tetraploid alfalfa

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Yu ◽  
K. P. Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Double Reduction ◽  
Chromatid Segregation

An F1 population was used to analyze the inheritance of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in tetraploid alfalfa. Of the 32 RAPD markers that were used for a segregation analysis in this study, 27 gave ratios that are consistent with random chromosome and random chromatid segregation at meiosis. However, among all of the RAPD markers (121) that were screened in this study, only one example of a double reduction, that is typical of chromatid segregation, was observed. These results indicate that random chromosome segregation is likely the predominant but not the exclusive mode of inheritance for tetraploid alfalfa. χ2 analyses of cosegregation for RAPD marker pairs derived from the female parent revealed nine linkages that fell into four linkage groups. The recombination fractions among linked marker pairs ranged from 1 to 37%. These are the first molecular linkage groups reported in tetraploid alfalfa. In addition, various strategies for molecular mapping in the tetraploid alfalfa genome are proposed that should be of interest to plant breeders who are planning to use molecular markers for alfalfa or other tetraploid species.Key words: RAPD markers, tetraploid alfalfa, segregation, linkage groups.

scholarly journals Agronomic potential and selection of okra hybrids to obtain potential genitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M Maciel ◽  
Rafael R Finzi ◽  
Alexandre William C Marra ◽  
Fábio J Carvalho ◽  
Ana Paula O Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Canonical Analysis ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Evaluation of pre-commercial hybrids in a germplasm bank is essential for determining its commercial potential or its utility as a potential genitor in a breeding program. The objective of this study was to determine genetic divergence and per se behavior of 47 pre-commercial hybrids from okra germplasm bank of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Precocity index (%), number of fruits (fruits per plant), average fruit mass (g) and productivity (g per plant) were evaluated. Analysis of genetic divergence was performed by multivariate analysis using Mahalanobis distance with different clustering methods (UPGMA and canonical analysis). The performance of hybrids was compared by Scott-Knott (p= 0.05). A significant genetic variability among okra hybrids was observed. UPGMA and canonical analysis grouped the hybrids similarly, being satisfactory to represent genetic divergence. Ten hybrids presented higher performance than the commercial hybrids. Among them, UFU-QB16 stood out as the most promising hybrid for being used as a potential parent in breeding programs after auto pollination.

Experimental investigation, modeling and optimization study on the mechanical properties of B4Cp/MWCNT/epoxy multi-scale hybrid composite

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112097118
Author(s):  
Mustafa Taşyürek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The Matrix

In this study, process parameters and mechanical properties of the multi-scale composite were investigated experimentally and predictably. Multi-scale material includes boron carbide particles and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the epoxy-based matrix. Both reinforcements were reinforced into the matrix with various rates simultaneously. Average three tensile strength and hardness values were determined. The tensile strength and hardness were enhanced thanks to high rate of B4C usage up to 54.09% and 2.54%, respectively. The microstructure of the hybrid composite was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Also, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was used to interpret spectral bands. The experimental data were analyzed using optimization method. Optimal process parameters for tensile strength and interfacial properties were determined. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to obtain most significant factor and optimum levels of parameters. Finally, it was observed that B4C ratio is the most dominant factor affecting the mechanical and thermal properties.

The Matrix Effect and Application of the Multi-Parameter Optimization Method for X-Ray Spectrometric Determination of the Quantitative Composition of Clays

2018 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Anna Trubaca-Boginska ◽  
Andris Actins ◽  
Ruta Švinka ◽  
Visvaldis Švinka
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Parameter Optimization ◽  
Matrix Effect ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Influence Coefficients ◽  
The Matrix

Determining the quantitative composition of clay samples with X-ray fluorescent spectrometry is complicated because of the matrix effect, in which any element can increase or decrease the analytical signals of other elements. In order to predict the properties of clays, it is essential to know their precise chemical composition. Therefore, using the standard addition method was determined calibration and empirical influence coefficients, as well as the true composition of the elements. Farther, these coefficients were used to correct the matrix effect and develop a multi-parameter optimization method. It was determined that in clay samples, consisting of Si, Al, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, Na and Ti oxide formula units, the most significant contribution for matrix effect correction calculations was from the calibration coefficients. Moreover, the largest deviation from the X-ray fluorescent data and true values was determined in the MgO and Na2O cases. In this study was established, that the developed multi-parameter method can be successfully applied to determine the quantitative chemical composition of clay samples of similar compositions.

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