scholarly journals Agronomic potential and selection of okra hybrids to obtain potential genitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M Maciel ◽  
Rafael R Finzi ◽  
Alexandre William C Marra ◽  
Fábio J Carvalho ◽  
Ana Paula O Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Canonical Analysis ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Evaluation of pre-commercial hybrids in a germplasm bank is essential for determining its commercial potential or its utility as a potential genitor in a breeding program. The objective of this study was to determine genetic divergence and per se behavior of 47 pre-commercial hybrids from okra germplasm bank of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Precocity index (%), number of fruits (fruits per plant), average fruit mass (g) and productivity (g per plant) were evaluated. Analysis of genetic divergence was performed by multivariate analysis using Mahalanobis distance with different clustering methods (UPGMA and canonical analysis). The performance of hybrids was compared by Scott-Knott (p= 0.05). A significant genetic variability among okra hybrids was observed. UPGMA and canonical analysis grouped the hybrids similarly, being satisfactory to represent genetic divergence. Ten hybrids presented higher performance than the commercial hybrids. Among them, UFU-QB16 stood out as the most promising hybrid for being used as a potential parent in breeding programs after auto pollination.

scholarly journals Mapping QTL for spike fertility and related traits in two doubled haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
Leonardo S. Vanzetti ◽  
Ignacio I. Terrile ◽  
Guillermo Donaire ◽  
Fernanda G. González
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background In breeding programs, the selection of cultivars with the highest yield potential consisted in the selection of the yield per se, which resulted in cultivars with higher grains per spike (GN) and occasionally increased grain weight (GW) (main numerical components of the yield). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GW, GN and spike fertility traits related to GN determination were mapped using two doubled haploid (DH) populations (Baguette Premium 11 × BioINTA 2002 and Baguette 19 × BioINTA 2002). Results In total 305 QTL were identified for 14 traits, out of which 12 QTL were identified in more than three environments and explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least one environment. Eight hotspot regions were detected on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 7A and 7B in which at least two major and stable QTL sheared confidence intervals. QTL on two of these regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) have previously been described, but the other six regions are novel. Conclusions Based on the pleiotropic analysis within a robust physiological model we conclude that two hotspot genomic regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) together with the QGW.perg-6B are of high relevance to be used in marker assisted selection in order to improve the spike yield potential. All the QTL identified for the spike related traits are the first step to search for their candidate genes, which will allow their better manipulation in the future.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of an Ipecac active germplasm bank – a Brazilian endangered medicinal species

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nádia Elígia Nunes Pinto Paracampo ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Santos de Souza ◽  
Jéssica Caporal Almeida ◽  
Osmar Alves Lameira
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The active germplasm bank (AGB) of Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, in the city of Belém, PA, was the first of its kind to be opened in Brazil for this endangered medicinal species and holds important accessions for agricultural and reproductive research, including the production of active principles. This study aimed to chemically characterize 42 accessions from that AGB by simultaneously quantifying cephaeline and emetine contents in roots using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD). Cephaeline concentrations ranged from ‘undetected’ to 1.76%, whereas emetine concentrations were found between 0.64% and 2.49%. The overall emetine/cephaeline ratio varied from 0.43 to 3.52. The differences among mean concentrations of alkaloids observed by comparing the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability suggest the chemical variation among the samples assessed. Therefore, it is concluded such chemical differences may favor the selection of genetic material for commercial purposes based on the production of emetine and/or cephaeline, likewise may contribute to breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence among white-type acai palm accessions based on morpho-agronomic characters

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria de Sousa ◽  
Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira ◽  
João Tomé de Farias Neto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
White Type ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic divergence among accessions of white-type acai palm, through morpho-agronomic characters. The accessions belong to the active acai palm germplasm bank of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Thirteen characters were evaluated in 26 accessions, originated from six municipalities in the state of Pará, Brazil. The data were subjected to deviance and multivariate analyses, based on the average Euclidean distance, and were grouped by Tocher’s method and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The accessions differed for eight characters. The distances among accessions ranged from 0.64 to 2.62, with an average of 1.36, and four groups were formed by Tocher’s method and two by the UPGMA. Seven major components explained 88.03% of the variation, whose graphic dispersion showed the tendency of forming four groups. The characters weight of 100 fruits, number of rachillae per bunch, and fruit yield per bunch contributed the most to the divergence, and the accessions from the municipalities of Breves, Curralinho, and Limoeiro do Ajuru were the most divergent. Therefore, the accessions of white acai palm show strong divergence and variability, which favor the selection of desirable individuals.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance and genetic dissimilarity among cherry tomato genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M Maciel ◽  
Rafael R Finzi ◽  
Fábio J Carvalho ◽  
Guilherme R Marquez ◽  
Andressa A Clemente
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dunnett's Test ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

ABSTRACT The genotypes evaluation in a germplasm bank is essential to determine their commercial or usefulness, as potential parents, in a breeding program. We aimed to detect the genetic diversity of 42 tomato genotypes of cherry type, belonging to the germplasm bank of the Federal University of Uberlândia and, also evaluate their behavior. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in randomized block design with 42 treatments and two replications. Ten quantitative traits of agronomic importance were evaluated. The genetic divergence was obtained by multivariate analysis, using the Mahalanobis distance with different clustering methods (UPGMA and Tocher). The hybrids performance was compared by Scott-Knott (p= 0.05) and Dunnett’s test (p= 0.05). UPGMA and Tocher grouped the genotypes similarly, representing genetic divergence satisfactorily. The genotypes UFU 29, UFU 21 and UFU 07 were more productive, earlier and also divergent from the pre-commercial treatment (UFU 200), being able to be used as potential parents.

scholarly journals Characterization of genetic variability among common bean genotypes by morphological descriptors

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilene Santos de Lima ◽  
José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro ◽  
Pedro Crescêncio Souza Carneiro ◽  
Camila Santana Pereira ◽  
Rogério Faria Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity

The purpose of this study was to characterize the genetic variability in 100 genotypes of the Active Germplasm Bank of common bean of the Federal University of Viçosa, by morphological descriptors, classify them in groups of genetic similarity and to identify the degree of relevance of descriptors of genetic divergence. The genotypes were evaluated based on 22 quantitative and qualitative morphological descriptors. The high-yielding genotypes V 7936, Gold Gate, LM 95103904, 1829 S 349 Venezuela, and PF 9029975, CNFC 9454 and Fe 732015, with upright growth, have potential for use as parents in common bean breeding programs. By genetic divergence analysis, the genotypes were clustered in eight groups of genetic dissimilarity. By methods of principal components, 9 of the 22 descriptors were eliminated, for being redundant or little variable, suggesting that 10-20 morphological descriptors can be used in studies of characterization of genetic variation.

scholarly journals DIVERGÊNCIA GENÉTICA ENTRE ESPÉCIES DE PALMEIRAS Acrocomia Mart. BASEADA EM DESCRITORES MORFOAGRONÔMICOS

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-577
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Silva ◽  
Suelen Alves Vianna ◽  
Cássia Regina Limonta Carvalho ◽  
Joaquim Adelino de Azevedo Filho ◽  
Carlos Augusto Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Acrocomia Aculeata ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Selection Of

Divergência genética entre espécies de palmeiras Acrocomia Mart. baseada em descritores morfoagronômicos   PAULO HENRIQUE DA SILVA1, SUELEN ALVES VIANNA2, CÁSSIA REGINA LIMONTA CARVALHO3, JOAQUIM ADELINO DE AZEVEDO FILHO4, CARLOS AUGUSTO COLOMBO5   1 Mestrando no Curso de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Tropical e Subtropical – Genética, Melhoramento e Biotecnologia Vegetal- Instituto Agronômico (IAC). Avenida: Barão de Itapura, 1481, Botafogo, Campinas, SP, Brasil, CEP: 13.020-902.  [email protected] 2 Pós Doutoranda no Centro de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento de Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular – Instituto Agronômico (IAC). Avenida: Barão de Itapura, 1481, Botafogo, Campinas, SP, Brasil, CEP: 13.020-902.  [email protected] 3 Pesquisadora no Centro de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento de Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Laboratório de Fitoquímica – Instituto Agronômico (IAC). Avenida: Barão de Itapura, 1481, Botafogo, Campinas, SP, Brasil, CEP: 13.020-902.  [email protected] 4 Pesquisador na Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA) - Pólo Regional do Leste Paulista. Rua: Dr. José Paiva Castro, 1493, Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, CEP: 13.910-000. [email protected] 5  Pesquisador no Centro de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento de Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular – Instituto Agronômico (IAC). Avenida: Barão de Itapura, 1481, Botafogo, Campinas, SP, Brasil, CEP: 13.020-902.  [email protected]   Resumo: As palmeiras nativas Acrocomia aculeata e Acrocomia totai são utilizadas para diversos fins sobretudo, o uso da polpa fresca ou processada para alimentação e a extração de óleo da polpa e da amêndoa com diversas aplicações. Sabendo de seu potencial econômico e a dúvida existente sobre sua taxonomia, foi realizada a caracterização de 60 indivíduos em três populações de cada uma das espécies com o uso de 41 descritores morfoagronômicos. Os dados foram analisados com o uso de estatística univariada e multivariada (estimativa de similaridade pelo índice de Gower e formação dos agrupamentos pelo método UPGMA). Foi encontrada grande variação na maioria dos descritores analisados dentro e entre populações e espécies. A população de Luz-MG apresentou os maiores valores relativos aos descritores de frutos e a de Corumbá-MS os menores. A análise de agrupamento revelou a formação de dois grandes grupos correspondentes às espécies analisadas e a subdivisão dentro de cada um destes corresponde a sua origem geográfica. A variação encontrada dentro de cada uma das espécies pode orientar a seleção de indivíduos mais produtivos em programas de melhoramento e a divergência entre espécies além de comprovar sua taxonomia subsidia futuros estudos e sua melhor utilização.   Palavras-chave: Acrocomia aculeata, Acrocomia totai, Arecaceae, diversidade, pré-melhoramento   GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG SPECIES OF PALM TREES Acrocomia Mart. BASED ON MORPHOAGRONOMIC DESCRIPTORS   ABSTRACT: The native palm trees Acrocomia aculeata and Acrocomia totai are used for several purposes, mainly, the use of fresh or processed pulp for food and the extraction of oil from the pulp and almond with different applications. Knowing its economic potential and doubt about its taxonomy, 60 individuals were characterized in three populations of each species using 41 morpho-agronomic descriptors. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics (similarity estimate using the Gower index and formation of clusters using the UPGMA method). Great variation was found in most of the descriptors analyzed within and between populations and species. The population of Luz-MG had the highest values ​​for fruit descriptors and the population of Corumbá-MS the lowest. The cluster analysis revealed the formation of two large groups corresponding to the analyzed species and the subdivision within each of these corresponds to their geographical origin. The variation found within each species can guide the selection of more productive individuals in breeding programs and the divergence between species, in addition to proving their taxonomy supports future studies and their better use.   Keywords: Acrocomia aculeata, Acrocomia totai, Arecaceae, diversity, pre-breeding.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence of Heliconiaceae species in the Central West Brazil region

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Cintia Graciele Da Silva ◽  
Edneia Zullian Dalbosco ◽  
Petterson Baptista Da Luz ◽  
Willian Krause ◽  
Vivian Loges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Inflorescence Length

The purpose of this study was to describe morphological traits and estimate genetic divergence and parameters between accessions of the genus Heliconia sp. from different municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A set of 25 traits, 15 quantitative and 10 qualitative were evaluated. The genetic divergence was estimated based on Mahalanobis' distance, with the clustering methods known as Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA). Genetic variability was observed for all assessed quantitative traits and the accessions were grouped in different classes. The traits with highest relative contribution to variability were longevity of flower stems and inflorescence length. The results indicated the existence of genetic variability among accessions of the Heliconiasp. germplasm bank, which can be used in breeding programs.

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

scholarly journals Combining metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to assess and improve crop quality traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine M. Pott ◽  
Sara Durán-Soria ◽  
Sonia Osorio ◽  
José G. Vallarino
Keyword(s):  
Quality Trait ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Crop Quality ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractPlant quality trait improvement has become a global necessity due to the world overpopulation. In particular, producing crop species with enhanced nutrients and health-promoting compounds is one of the main aims of current breeding programs. However, breeders traditionally focused on characteristics such as yield or pest resistance, while breeding for crop quality, which largely depends on the presence and accumulation of highly valuable metabolites in the plant edible parts, was left out due to the complexity of plant metabolome and the impossibility to properly phenotype it. Recent technical advances in high throughput metabolomic, transcriptomic and genomic platforms have provided efficient approaches to identify new genes and pathways responsible for the extremely diverse plant metabolome. In addition, they allow to establish correlation between genotype and metabolite composition, and to clarify the genetic architecture of complex biochemical pathways, such as the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants, many of them being highly valuable for the human diet. In this review, we focus on how the combination of metabolomic, transcriptomic and genomic approaches is a useful tool for the selection of crop varieties with improved nutritional value and quality traits.

scholarly journals Identification of the Optimum Environments for the High Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated in Multi-Location Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8247
Author(s):  
Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽  
Christos Noulas ◽  
Anastasia Kargiotidou ◽  
Dimitrios Baxevanos ◽  
Evangelia Tigka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consisting of ten diverse sites for two consecutive growing seasons, for seed yield (SY), other agronomic traits, crude protein (CP), cooking time (CT) and crude protein yield (CPY). A significant diversification and specialization of the locations was identified with regards to SY, CP, CT and CPY. Different locations showed optimal values for each trait. Locations E4 and E3, followed by E10, were “ideal” for SY; locations E1, E3 and E7 were ideal for high CP; and the “ideal” locations for CT were E3 and E5, followed by E2. Therefore, the scope of the cultivation determined the optimum locations for lentil cultivation. The GGE-biplot analysis revealed different discriminating abilities and representativeness among the locations for the identification of the most productive and stable genotypes. Location E3 (Orestiada, Region of Thrace) was recognized as being optimal for lentil breeding, as it was the “ideal” or close to “ideal” for the selection of superior genotypes for SY, CP, CT and CPY. Adaptable genotypes (cv. Dimitra, Samos) showed a high SY along with excellent values for CP, CT and CPY, and are suggested either for cultivation in many regions or to be exploited in breeding programs.

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