Scarification with sulphuric acid of Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke seeds - FABACEAE

Seed coat impermeability to water occurs in many species, including Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke. To promote germination in seeds with coat impermeability the use of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is recommended. The objective of this study was to identify a better time for the scarification with sulphuric acid for S. amazonicum seeds. The effect of scarification with sulphuric acid for 20, 40 and 60 min on germination and speed germination was studied for seeds that were either sowed immediately after scarification or after a 24-hour period of immersion in water. Seeds were sown on a mix of sand and sawdust (1:1). The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of 50 seeds. The statistical analysis of germination was carried out at six, nine, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 days after sowing, in a factorial scheme. For speed germination the means were compared by the Tukey test. There was an interaction between treatments to overcome dormancy and immersion time after scarification in most evaluations. Immersion in water accelerated the beginning of germination. All treatments to overcome dormancy promoted seed germination. However, scarification for 60 min, showed better germination, 92% when immediately sown and 86.5% when sown after 24 hours. Speed germination index was highest for scarified seeds for 60 min followed by immersion in water. Scarification for 60 min was the most efficient treatment to promote germination in S. amazonicum seeds.

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Methods for overcoming dormancy in Dinizia excelsa Ducke seeds

Revista Brasileira de Sementes ◽

10.1590/s0101-31222009000400018 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 152-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eniel David Cruz ◽

Rafaela Josemara Barbosa Queiroz ◽

Jose Edmar Urano de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Common Mechanism ◽

Untreated Seed ◽

Abrasive Surface ◽

Dinizia Excelsa

The impermeability of seed coat to water is common mechanism in Fabaceae seeds. Treatments to overcome hardseededness include scarification with sulphuric acid, scarification on abrasive surface and soaking in water among others. The objective of this study was to identify an effective method to overcome dormancy in Dinizia excelsa seeds. A pre-test (untreated seed) and three experiments were carried out: immersion of seeds in acid sulphuric for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60min (experiment 1); scarification on abrasive surface at the positions distal end, near of the mycrophyle and on the lateral tissue and tegument clipping at 1mm of the distal end, near of the mycrophyle and on the lateral tissue (experiment 2); scarification on abrasive surface and immersion in water for 0, 12, 24 and 48h (experiment 3). The experimental design was completely with four replications of 50 seeds for each treatment. The statistical analysis was carried out by ANOVA and regression analysis. Seedlings emergence on untreated seeds started on the 8th day after sowing and reached 52.5% on the 1,709th day. In general, the treatments to overcome dormancy increase emergence. Emergence was higher for seeds treated with sulphuric acid for 20 and 30min with emergence of 93.6% and 86.6%, respectively. For seeds scarified on abrasive surface higher emergences were recorded for scarification on distal end, near of the mycrophyle and on the lateral, 82.7%, 74.3% and 75.7%, respectively. Seeds scarified manually showed higher emergence when not immersed in water (75%), or when immersed for 12 and 24h (75%, 73.6% and 65.6%, respectively). Immersion seeds in sulphuric acid for 20 and 30min and scarification on abrasive surface of distal end are effective to overcome dormancy in D. excelsa.

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Physiological behavior of bean's seeds and grains during storage

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201620140640 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 1069-1077

Author(s):

FLÁVIA D.R. CASSOL ◽

ANDRÉA M.T. FORTES ◽

LORENA C. MENDONÇA ◽

CAMILA V. BUTURI ◽

THAÍS R. MARCON

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Average Length ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Storage Period ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Physiological Quality

Beans are one of the most used foods to meet the energy needs of the Brazilian diet, requiring farmers to use high seed physiological potential. The aim was to evaluate the physiological quality of beans stored for 360 days. Analyses were performed at 0, 30, 90, 180, 270, and 360 days after receiving the seeds (S1 and S2) and grains (G1 and G2) of BRS Splendor. Tests of germination, accelerated aging, cold, speed of germination, average length of shoots, and root were performed. The experimental design was completely randomized split-plot in time and the means were compared through Tukey test at 5% probability. Seed germination was not affected in S2, while the drop in S1 and G1 was significant. The vigor of grains from field 1 declined from 91 to 50% and from 93% to 76% by accelerated aging and cold, respectively, after 360 days. The germination speed tests performed showed a decreased during the experiment. The grains from field 1 had lower physiological quality. The accelerated aging and cold tests, through the speed of germination parameter, showed decrease in the vigor of the Splendor BRS. The storage period influenced the physiological quality of the beans tested.

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THE EFFECT OF THE LEARNING STRATEGY AND SELF CONCEPT AGAINST THE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT OF RECYCLE WASTE EXPERIMENT IN SMA 4 KOTA TERNATE

Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Lingkungan dan Pembangunan ◽

10.21009/plpb.172.05 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (02) ◽

pp. 125-139

Author(s):

Nurida Wahab

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Learning Strategy ◽

Control Design ◽

Research Data ◽

Living Environment ◽

Self Concept ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Academic Year

The objective of this research was to know The Effect of the Learning Strategy and Self Concept against the Knowledge about of Recycle Waste in SMAN 4 Ternate. This research applied true experimental design with posttest-only control design. This population of this research is all students of class X SMAN 4 Ternate on academic year 2012/2013. The samples of this research were class X1 as experimental (PBL) and class X3 as control (Expository). The instrument of this this research namely knowledge about recycle waste test and self-concept scale questionnaire. The research data are quantitative data consisted by score knowledge about recycle waste and self-concept scale questionnaire, collected on February until April 2013. Data were analyzed by linear variant statistical analysis (ANAVA), continued with Tukey test. The result of research indicated that there were PBL toward the knowledge about recycle waste. Student with PBL having the value of knowledge higher 8, 71 % from expository of strategy. Based on this research, the researcher suggest to the teacher that this strategy can be implemented in education living environment learning.

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Pre-germination treatments of Paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum) seeds

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n4a2020-41791 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Estefânia Martins Bardiviesso ◽

Thiago Barbosa Batista ◽

Flávio Ferreira da Silva Binotti ◽

Edilson Costa ◽

Tiago Alexandre da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Control Group ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Control Water

Paricá seeds have dormancy and, even after mechanical scarification, these seeds show slow and uneven germination. Pre-germination treatments can be used to increase seed germination performance. Thus, the aimed to evaluate the physiological potential and initial growth of paricá seeds after pre-germination treatments, using different substances as plant regulators and nutrients, in addition to mechanical scarification. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2x7 factorial scheme, consisting of the following pre-germination treatments: mechanical scarification (10% and 50% of the seed coat) and seed pre-soaking [control-water, KNO3 0.2%, Ca(NO3)2 0.2%, gibberellin 0.02%, cytokinin 0.02%, and mixture of gibberellin + cytokinin (1:1)] besides a control group without pre-soaking, with four replicates. The study evaluated germination and emergence rates, germination and emergence speed indices, collar diameter, plant height, seedling dry mass, hypocotyl and seedling length, and electrical conductivity. It was observed that pre-soaking the seeds in gibberellin after mechanical scarification at 50% as a pre-germination treatment resulted in seeds with higher vigor expression and greater initial seedling growth.

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Optimization of PES Nanocomposite Membrane Preparation Using Statistical Analysis and Experimental Design

10.26434/chemrxiv.7581767.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yasin Orooji ◽

Fatemeh Noorisafa ◽

Nahid Imami ◽

Amir R. Chaharmahali

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Fractional Factorial Design ◽

Fractional Factorial ◽

Nanocomposite Membrane ◽

Membrane Preparation ◽

Membrane Fabrication

<p>Using experimental design and statistical analysis (½ Fractional Factorial Design), this study investigates the effect of different parameters in the membrane fabrication on the performance of nanocomposite PES/TiO<sub>2</sub> membrane. </p>

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Performance of two combine harvester header in soybean crops

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/1312020737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

E. M. Samogim ◽

T. C. Oliveira ◽

Z. N. Figueiredo ◽

J. M. B. Vanini

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Field Performance ◽

Travel Speed ◽

The Other ◽

Combine Data ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Combine Harvester ◽

And Performance

The combine harvest for soybean crops market are currently available two types of combine with header or platform, one of conventional with revolving reel with metal or plastic teeth to cause the cut crop to fall into the auger header and the other called "draper" headers that use a fabric or rubber apron instead of a cross auger, there are few test about performance of this combine header for soybean in Mato Grosso State. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soybean harvesting quantitative losses and performance using two types combine header in four travel speed. The experiment was conducted during soybean crops season 2014/15, the farm Tamboril in the municipality of Pontes e Lacerda, State of Mato Grosso. The was used the experimental design of randomized blocks, evaluating four forward harvesting speeds (4 km h-1, 5 km h-1, 6 km h-1 and 7 km h-1), the natural crops losses were analyzed, loss caused by the combine harvester (combine header, internal mechanisms and total losses) and was also estimated the field performance of each combine. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and compared of the average by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results show the draper header presents a smaller amount of total loss and in most crop yield when compared with the conventional cross auger.

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Asymbiotic germination of Vanilla planifolia in relation to the timing of seed collection and seed pretreatments

Botanical Studies ◽

10.1186/s40529-021-00311-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chih-Hsin Yeh ◽

Kai-Yi Chen ◽

Yung-I. Lee

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Development ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Vanilla Planifolia ◽

Outermost Layer ◽

Seed Collection ◽

Seed Pretreatment ◽

Immature Seeds ◽

Mature Seeds

Abstract Background Vanilla planifolia is an important tropical orchid for production of natural vanilla flavor. Traditionally, V. planifolia is propagated by stem cuttings, which produces identical genotype that are sensitive to virulent pathogens. However, propagation with seed germination of V. planifolia is intricate and unstable because the seed coat is extremely hard with strong hydrophobic nature. A better understanding of seed development, especially the formation of impermeable seed coat would provide insights into seed propagation and conservation of genetic resources of Vanilla. Results We found that soaking mature seeds in 4% sodium hypochlorite solution from 75 to 90 min significantly increased germination. For the culture of immature seeds, the seed collection at 45 days after pollination (DAP) had the highest germination percentage. We then investigated the anatomical features during seed development that associated with the effect of seed pretreatment on raising seed germination percentage. The 45-DAP immature seeds have developed globular embryos and the thickened non-lignified cell wall at the outermost layer of the outer seed coat. Seeds at 60 DAP and subsequent stages germinated poorly. As the seed approached maturity, the cell wall of the outermost layer of the outer seed coat became lignified and finally compressed into a thick envelope at maturity. On toluidine blue O staining, the wall of outer seed coat stained greenish blue, indicating the presence of phenolic compounds. As well, on Nile red staining, a cuticular substance was detected in the surface wall of the embryo proper and the innermost wall of the inner seed coat. Conclusion We report a reliable protocol for seed pretreatment of mature seeds and for immature seeds culture based on a defined time schedule of V. plantifolia seed development. The window for successful germination of culturing immature seed was short. The quick accumulation of lignin, phenolics and/or phytomelanins in the seed coat may seriously inhibit seed germination after 45 DAP. As seeds matured, the thickened and lignified seed coat formed an impermeable envelope surrounding the embryo, which may play an important role in inducing dormancy. Further studies covering different maturity of green capsules are required to understand the optimal seed maturity and germination of seeds.

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