scholarly journals Micropropagação de duas espécies frutíferas, em meio de cultura DSD1, modificado com fontes de boro e zinco

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 468-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola Villa ◽  
Moacir Pasqual ◽  
Franscinely Aparecida de Assis ◽  
Gleice Aparecida de Assis ◽  
Danielle Zampiere Arce Zárraga
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Sp

A micropropagação de frutíferas de clima temperado pode gerar plantas livres de vírus e num curto espaço de tempo. Objetivando-se aprimorar técnicas de propagação in vitro de amoreira-preta e videira, foram testadas diferentes concentrações de boro e zinco, adicionados ao meio de cultivo. O meio foi constituído de sais DSD1, acrescido de 30 g L-1 de sacarose e 7 g L-1 de ágar, e o pH ajustado para 6,4 antes da autoclavagem a 121ºC e 1 atm por 20 minutos. Os tratamentos consistiram de segmentos nodais de amoreira-preta cv. Tupy, do porta-enxerto de videira 'Kobber' e de concentrações de ácido bórico (0; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 mg L-1) e sulfato de zinco hidratado (0; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 mg L-1), em todas as combinações possíveis. Segmentos nodais de plantas preestabelecidas in vitro foram excisados e inoculados em tubo de ensaio, contendo 15 mL do meio de cultura. Posteriormente, os tubos de ensaio foram transferidos para sala de crescimento a 27 ± 1ºC, irradiância de 35 mmol.m-2.s-1 e fotoperíodo de 16 horas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualisado, utilizando-se 4 repetições com 12 explantes cada. Após 70 dias de cultivo in vitro verificou-se que, melhores resultados na micropropagação de amoreira-preta cv. Tupy (Rubus sp.) foram obtidos na ausência de ácido bórico e sulfato de zinco hidratado em meio de cultura DSD1. Com 4,0 mg L-1 de ácido bórico adicionado ao meio, verificou-se maior número de folhas e comprimento de raízes do porta-enxerto de videira 'Kobber' (Vitis sp.).

scholarly journals (226) Tissue Culture of Vitis sp. for Protoplast Isolation

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1024C-1024
Author(s):  
Claudine M. Bona ◽  
Jean H. Gould ◽  
J. Creighton Miller ◽  
David M. Stelly ◽  
Eliezer S. Louzada
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Protoplast Isolation ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Suspension Cells ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Genetic Manipulations ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Vitis Sp ◽  
Different Doses

The highly appreciated Euvitis subgenera species (2n=38) are very susceptible to pests and diseases. Tolerance/resistance may be found in the closely related Vitis rotundifolia cultivars (2n=40), but the poor rooting characteristic of this species is a problem, and conventional crossings between Euvitis and V. rotundifolia are complicated because of different chromosome numbers. Therefore, somatic hybridization may be an alternative for gene transference between these species. The establishment of an efficient in vitro procedure may facilitate future genetic manipulations. Furthermore, in vitro success may be an indicative of protoplast totipotency. The goal of this research was to test 11 cultivars from different species for their in vitro cultivation and protoplast isolation capacity. Different doses of benzyladenine (BA) were tested and explants were cultivated in both Lloyd and McCown's Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and Murashige and Skoog medium (MS). We established an efficient in vitro procedure and plants of C. sauvignon, Syrah, SV 12-375, Scuppernong, Magnolia, Higgens and B. beauty were regenerated. No rooting problem was observed in vitro. Black spanish and Herbemont callus were kept in vitro, but plants were not regenerated. SV-12327 and Jumbo died. WPM was more efficient than MS for most cultivars. The V. vinifera cultivars C. sauvignon and Syrah developed well in both media. Protoplast isolation was more efficient using leaves rather than callus or suspension cells. BA at 3 μM·L-1 induced organogenesis while 10 μM·L-1 induced callogenesis except for Syrah, where 1 μM·L-1 induced organogenesis. Protoplasts were isolated from Herbemont and C. sauvignon and microcallus were obtained.

scholarly journals CINÉTICA DE ENRAIZAMIENTO in vitro DE PORTAINJERTOS DE VID EN RESPUESTA A LA FUENTE Y CONCENTRACIÓN DE AZÚCAR

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Yurixhi A. Raya-Montaño ◽  
Ángel Villegas-Monter ◽  
Gregorio Arellano-Ostoa
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Sp

En la micropropagación tiene particular importancia la fuente y concentración de azúcar debido a que afecta los procesos de organogénesis. En este estudio se compararon los portainjertos de vid (Vitis sp.) ‘Saltcreek’ y ‘Freedom’ cultivados en un medio reducido en sales, con tres fuentes de azúcar (sacarosa, glucosa y manitol), y tres concentraciones (43.82, 87.64 y 175.28 mM), más un testigo sin azúcar. La respuesta se determinó mediante la cinética de enraizamiento, número y longitud de raíces y potencial osmótico del medio. El mayor enraizamiento se registró en el portainjerto ‘Freedom’, en el que inició al quinto día de establecido el cultivo, mientras que en ‘Saltcreek’ inicio hasta el décimo día. El máximo enraizamiento (100 % para ‘Freedom y 75 % para ‘Saltcreek’) se obtuvo al usar como fuente de carbono a glucosa, aunque el mayor número de raíces en ‘Freedom’ se obtuvo con sacarosa y en ‘Saltcreek’ con glucosa, ambos a 175.28 mM. La longitud de raíz fue superior en el tratamiento con glucosa 175.28 mM en ‘Freedom’, y con sacarosa a 87.64 mM en ‘Saltcreek’. Se observó que al aumentar la concentración de azúcares el potencial osmótico disminuyó de -0.26 MPa en 43.82 mM de manitol hasta -0.69 MPa en 175.28 mM de sacarosa. En ‘Freedom’ se puede obtener hasta 97 % de enraizamiento en medio con potencial osmótico -0.69 MPa.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PEG-INDUCED WATER STRESS ON MICROPROPAGATED GRAPES: EPICUTICULAR WAX, STOMATAL NUMBER, AND SURVIVAL EX VITRO

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 694g-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imed Dami ◽  
Harrison Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Vitis Sp ◽  
Leaf Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Peg 8000 ◽  
Stomatal Number

Micropropagated grapes (Vitis sp. `Valiant') were subjected to water stress while rooting with the addition of 2% (w/v) PEG 8000. PEG-treated plantlets exhibited reduced growth, as compared to control (in vitro, no PEG), but developed greater leaf epicuticular wax. PEG-treated plantlets had three times the wax level of control. Although treated plantlets showed changes in leaf anatomy, no effect on stomatal frequency or stomatal index was evident. Differences in epidermal cell configuration were also observed among leaves from different treatments. PEG-treated plantlets resembled those grown in the greenhouse, morphologically and anatomically, and exhibited a higher survival rate than control upon transfer to the greenhouse.

Embryons somatiques de Vitis rupestris et embryons zygotiques de Vitis sp. : morphologie, histologie, histochimie et développement

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2305-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Faure
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Vitis Rupestris ◽  
Saturated Atmosphere ◽  
Vitis Sp ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Root Apices

The problem of the development of grapevine somatic embryos into plantlets was examined through a morphological, histological, and histochemical comparison of zygotic and somatic embryos. Only 3% of somatic embryos were capable of developing into plantlets. However, 27% of these embryos had shoot and root apices showing a histological pattern similar to that observed in zygotic embryos; other embryos had root apex but no shoot apex. In comparison with zygotic embryos, somatic embryos showed the following characteristics: acquisition of giant, and often teratologic, organs, retention of a high proliferative capacity among superficial cells, starch and tannin accumulation, important suberization and slight lignification of superficial cells, differentiation of tracheids in the vascular system, and preservation of a high embryogenic potential in the absence of exogenous growth regulators. The water-saturated atmosphere to which grapevine somatic embryos were submitted during in vitro culture could be unfavourable to germination. Under these conditions, embryos built impermeable suberized superficial layers. Key words: somatic embryos, zygotic embryos, Vitis sp., histochemistry, development.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

In Vitro Induction of Crystals of MT Protein by Vinblastine-Colcemid in Mouse Spermatids

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John J. Wolosewick ◽  
John H. D. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nuclear Ring ◽  
Rough Er ◽  
Distal Direction ◽  
In Vitro Induction

Early in spermiogenesis the manchette is rapidly assembled in a distal direction from the nuclear-ring-densities. The association of vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the manchette microtubules (MTS) has been reported. In the mouse, osmophilic densities at the distal ends of the manchette are the organizing centers (MTOCS), and are associated with the SER. Rapid MT assembly and the lack of rough ER suggests that there is an existing pool of MT protein. Colcemid potentiates the reaction of vinblastine with tubulin and was used in this investigation to detect this protein.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Immunoenzymatic demonstration of the simultaneous presence of transferrin, hemopexin and albumin in a same hepatocyte and their ultrastructural localization

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
M. Kraemer ◽  
J. Foucrier ◽  
J. Vassy ◽  
M.T. Chalumeau
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Monospecific Antisera ◽  
Different Levels

Some authors using immunofluorescent techniques had already suggested that some hepatocytes are able to synthetize several plasma proteins. In vitro studies on normal cells or on cells issued of murine hepatomas raise the same conclusion. These works could be indications of an hepatocyte functionnal non-specialization, meanwhile the authors never give direct topographic proofs suitable with this hypothesis.The use of immunoenzymatic techniques after obtention of monospecific antisera had seemed to us useful to bring forward a better knowledge of this problem. We have studied three carrier proteins (transferrin = Tf, hemopexin = Hx, albumin = Alb) operating at different levels in iron metabolism by demonstrating and localizing the adult rat hepatocytes involved in their synthesis.Immunological, histological and ultrastructural methods have been described in a previous work.

Sem Studies of Co-Cr-Mo Surgical Implant Alloy Corrosion Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
Ann Chidester Van Orden ◽  
John L. Chidester ◽  
Anna C. Fraker ◽  
Pei Sung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of small variations in the composition on the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloys has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and electrochemical measurements. SEM and EDX data were correlated with data from in vitro corrosion measurements involving repassivation and also potentiostatic anodic polarization measurements. Specimens studied included the four alloys shown in Table 1. Corrosion tests were conducted in Hanks' physiological saline solution which has a pH of 7.4 and was held at a temperature of 37°C. Specimens were mechanically polished to a surface finish with 0.05 µm A1203, then exposed to the solution and anodically polarized at a rate of 0.006 v/min. All voltages were measured vs. the saturated calomel electrode (s.c.e.).. Specimens had breakdown potentials near 0.47V vs. s.c.e.

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