scholarly journals Assessment of plankton community and environmental conditions in São Sebastião Channel prior to the construction of a produced water outfall

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sônia Maria Flores Gianesella ◽  
Miryam Bertha Burda Kutner ◽  
Flávia Marisa Prado Saldanha-Corrêa ◽  
Mayza Pompeu

Plankton community and hydrological conditions were assessed as a part of ao environmental diagnosis in São Sebastião Channel, before the building of a submarine outfall of produced water from the oil maritime terminal of PETR08RÁS. Samples were collected in twenty oceanographic stations located in the oil terminal neighboring area, during the springtime of 1991. Oissolved inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll-a concentrations observed indicate an oligo-mesotrophic environment. Phenols and sulfides were absent, 800 values, except for three sampling points, were characteristic of unpolluted environments, although oil and grease were found in half of the sampled stations. Phytoplankton and zooplankton communities presented high diversity and evenness indices for the entire area. Phytoplankton was dominated by phytoflagel1àtes and zooplankton was dominated by copepods, mostly Paracalanus quasimodo. Plankton community composition was similar to that from adjacent regions under low anthropogenic influence.

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Visvanathan ◽  
P. Svenstrup ◽  
P. Ariyamethee

This paper presents a case study of a natural gas production site covering various technical issues related to selection of an appropriate Reverse Osmosis (RO) system. The long-term field experience indicates the necessity of the selection of appropriate pretreatment systems for fouling-free RO operational conditions. The produced water has a variety of impurities such as oil and grease, process chemicals used for corrosion and scaling control, and dehydration of natural gas, etc. This situation leads to a complicated and extremely difficult task for a membrane specialist to design RO systems, especially the pre-treatment section. Here as part of the pretreatment selection, two types of UF membrane modules viz. spiral wound and hollow fibre, with MWCO of 8000 and 50,000 Dalton respectively, were tested in parallel with NF membranes of the spiral wound type with MWCO 200 Dalton. The UF permeate is used as feed for RO compatibility testing. Both configurations of UF failed to be compatible, due to irreversible fouling of the RO membrane. The NF membrane, however, showed interesting results, due to membrane stability in terms of cleaning and fouling. The NF plant with 50% capacity gave a recovery of 75% and the RO plant gave a recovery of 60% versus the expected 92–95%. The long-term tests have indicated that the reminder of the membranes could be installed to achieve full capacity of the plant. This study also demonstrates the importance of selection of proper pre-treatment set-up for the RO system design.


2021 ◽  
Vol 877 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
Zahraa N. Mahbouba ◽  
Abdulkhalik K. Mahmood ◽  
Musa H. Alshammari

Abstract Oil and gas sectors generate large amounts of oily wastewater, which is called produced water. In which, it contains high concentrations of hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants. This paper attempts to evaluate the performance and quality of using a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane (UFM) to treat the produced water of Al-Ahdab oil field (Wassit, Iraq). 8 rectangular flat sheets of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane were used. The area of each is 60 cm2 and pore size about 15 nm used in the experimental work. Prepared UFM is characterized by determining the surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that the UFM indicated high removal efficiency in all parameters and especially oil and grease and total suspended solid but in general it still less than the requirement of water reuse. The results showed that, a combination of a conventional treatment method and UFM technology have higher efficiency than using UFM only.


2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia Helena Sipaúba-Tavares ◽  
Rodrigo Ney Millan ◽  
Érica Camargo Oliveira Capitano ◽  
Bruno Scardoelli-Truzzi

Abstract Aim Limnological conditions, phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in a fishpond highly affected by management during the dry and rainy seasons are investigated. Methods Water samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters; soil samples were analyzed for macro- and micro-nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, at four sites, during eight months in the rainy and dry seasons. Distance-based linear model (DISTLM) was applied with Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), where the influence of environmental variables in the variation of phytoplankton and zooplankton composition could be assessed and the best model could be selected. Results The multiparameter test revealed that variables pH, TSS and TP better explain the composition of the biotic community (AICc = 45.6; R2 = 0.80). Chlorophyceae was the dominant group with 32 taxa, or rather, 75-85% of total phytoplankton, with high density at 2,365-4,180 ind.L-1 during the sampling period. Rotifera was the most abundant group in the zooplankton community during the two seasons, except at IW2 during the dry season, when Copepoda had a higher density, namely, 52% of total zooplankton community at this site. Conclusions The contribution of allochthonous material to the fishpond during the two seasons mainly consists of macro- and micro-nutrients and thermotolerant coliforms that influenced the plankton community and enhanced high Cyanobacteria density in the rainy season. Plankton community in the studied pond was characteristic of small water bodies. Management protocol in places with continuous water flow according to the region may be an important tool to optimize and to avoid risks in fish production.


2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-442
Author(s):  
Elcio Cruz de Oliveira ◽  
César Luís Biazon ◽  
Rosana Medeiros Moreira ◽  
Pedro Lincoln de Souza Filho

Chemosphere ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pardue ◽  
James W. Castle ◽  
John H. Rodgers ◽  
George M. Huddleston

e-xacta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Do Carmo ◽  
Thiago Luiz Alves Neto ◽  
Graziella Neves Oliveira ◽  
Vitorio Delogo de Castro ◽  
Katia Cecília de Souza Figueiredo

<p>A água produzida é um efluente inerente ao processamento do petróleo e estima-se que no mundo são produzidos diariamente cerca de 40 milhões de metros cúbicos deste efluente. Como o óleo se encontra emulsionado, a ampla faixa de tamanho de gotas dispersas dificulta a separação por métodos convencionais. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade do tratamento da água produzida empregando uma membrana de microfiltração de acetato de celulose e com uma emulsão simulando o efluente real com concentração de óleo de 200 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>. Foi obtido permeado com concentração de óleos e graxas de 9,63 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>, dentro do limite máximo mensal para descarte, operando com uma diferença de pressão de 0,14 bar. O resultado obtido indicou a eficácia da microfiltração para remoção do óleo presente na água produzida.</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Produced water is an effluent inherent in the processing of petroleum, and it is estimated that around 40 million cubic meters of water is produced daily in the world. Because the oil is emulsified, conventional separation processes have fail in removing the broad range of drop size. This work aimed the evaluation of treating water produced using cellulose acetate microfiltration membrane with an emulsion simulating the actual effluent with oil concentration of 200 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>. Oil and grease content in permeate was 9.63 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>, within the limit for disposal, with pressure difference of 0.14 bar. The results showed that the use of microfiltration was effective for removal of the oil present in the produced water.</p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Sri Endah Purnamaningtyas ◽  
Amran Ronny Syam ◽  
Didik WahjuHendro Tjahjo

Eksploitasi sumber daya di daerah mangrove kawasan pantai utara Jawa telah mengalami degradasi lingkungan. Untuk melakukan perbaikan, diperlukan data dan informasi keanekaragaman plankton dalam rantai makanan disuatu perairan. Perairan Mayangan merupakan perairan estuari yang mempunyai potensi perikanan yang cukup besar karena daerah ini merupakan daerah penjebak zat hara sehingga mempunyai produktivitas yang tinggi dari perairan lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui keragaman plankton dan lingkungan perairan di sekitar perairan mangrove Desa Mayangan, Subang, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Pebruari, Mei, dan Desember 2007. Pengambilan contoh plankton menggunakan kemmerer bottle sampler secara vertikal dengan plankton net nomor 25 pada kedalaman antara 0,5-2,0 m. Parameter lingkungan yang diamati meliputikecerahan 17-62 cm, oksigen terlarut 1,9-3,7 mg/l, nitrit 0,007-0,187 mg/l, nitrat 2,483-3,986mg/l, amonium1,589-2,648mg/l, orthofosfat 0,026-0,334mg/l, dan salinitas 19,27-33,08‰. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan komposisiplankton di perairan tersebut terdiri atas lima kelas fitoplankton dan empat kelas zooplankton serta satu kelompok larva naupli. Kelimpahan fitoplankton didominansi oleh kelas Bacillariophyceae (26 spesies), sedangkan zooplanktondidominansi oleh kelas Crustacea (tiga spesies), dan Ciliata (tiga spesies). Perairan mangrove Desa Mayangan termasuk perairan dengan kesuburan sedang, dengan kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar antara 4.024-99.594 sel/l (35.210±19.313) dan kelimpahan zooplankton berkisar antara 1.006-23.138 ind./l (8.249±5.132). Indeks keragaman fitoplankton dan zooplankton menunjukan kondisi kestabilan komunitas dalam kategori sedang. Selama tiga periode pengamatan komunitas plankton tersusun dari 35 komponen (spesies fitoplankton) dan sembilan komponen (spesies zooplankton). Exploitation of resources in the area of mangroves in coastal areas north of Java has suffered environmental degradation. To make improvements, necessary data and information on the diversity of plankton in the food chain in the waters.Mayangan estuarine waters are waters that have potential for significant fisheries for this area is an area of trap nutrients that have a higher productivity than other waters. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diversity of plankton and marine environment in waters around mangrove Mayangan Village, Subang, West Java. Research done in February, May, and December 2007. Plankton sampling using kemmerer bottle sampler plankton net vertically with nomor 25 at depths between 0.5-2 m. Environmental parameters observed included brightness, tranparancy 17-62 cm, dissolved oxygen 1.9-3.7 mg/l, nitrite 0.007-0.187 mg/l, nitrate 2.483-3.986 mg/l, ammonium 1.589-2.648 mg/l, orthophosphate 0.026-0.334 mg/l, and salinity 19.27-33.08‰. The results showed the composition of plankton in these waters consist of five classes of phytoplankton and three classes and one group of zooplankton, larval naupli. Phytoplankton abundance class was dominated by Bacillariophyceae (26 species), while the zooplankton was dominated by the Crustacea (3 species) and Ciliate (3 species).Mangrove waters Village Mayangan including waters with medium fertility, with phytoplankton abundance ranged from 4,024-99,594 cells/l (35,210±19,313) and the abundance of zooplankton ranged between 1,006-23,138 ind./l (8,249±5,132). Diversity index of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities show stable condition in the medium category. During the three observation periods of plankton community composed of 35 components (phytoplankton species) and 9 components (species of zooplankton).


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Destari Anwariani ◽  
◽  
Rositayanti Hadisoebroto ◽  
Diana Irvindiaty Hendrawan ◽  
◽  
...  

Greywater generated from household activities in the riverbanks settlement is flowed directly into the drainage system. This research was conducted to analyze the level of pollution due to greywater flowed into drainage system in Citarum riverbanks, Kabupaten Karawang. Research was carried out on the drainage channel around settlements in 6 villages. The parameters analyzed were TSS, COD, BOD, Oil and Grease compared to the standard Minister of Environment Regulation No.68 of 2016. The TSS parameters was 11-292 mg/L, COD 28.8-441.6 mg/L, BOD 18.01-298.36 mg/L, Oil and Grease 1.9-13 mg/L. Parameter of TSS at all sampling points were exceed the quality standard, while parameters of COD and BOD were exceed in the 4 villages. Parameter of Oil and Grease at all points was above the quality standard in February, while in April, it was below the quality standard. High pollution on drainage system could be caused by the entry of greywater into the drainage channel that would contribute to pollute the Citarum River. This was occurs due to low level of knowledge and awareness in communities about pollution in the riverbanks and that there was not a proper treatment of greywater, whether in scale of household nor communal.


2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hayatdavoudi ◽  
M. Howdeshell ◽  
E. Godeaux ◽  
N. Pednekar ◽  
V. Dhumal

The oil and gas industry produces large quantities of water as a by-product of petroleum production. Discharge specification of produced water requires efficient management and sophisticated technology. Conventional technologies such as those based on gravity separation, cyclonic separation method, filtration techniques, flotation technique, and natural gas/air sparge tube systems are used for treating produced water. However, most, if not all, of these technologies require a large footprint. This problem has created a challenge for the produced water industry, as well as for operators managing the offshore production facilities. Responding to the challenge at hand, Siemens Water Technologies Corporation has developed a novel compact flotation unit (CFU) equipped with a dissolved gas flotation (DGF) pump for treating produced water. The CFU has a small foot print and shorter residence time. The DGF pump is equipped with a unique, dual-sided impeller, which pulls the blanket gas on one side and the produced water on the other. Under applied backpressure, the gas entering the DGF pump dissolves in a portion of a recycled, cleaned water stream. The dissolved gas generates bubbles due to the pressure drop when the mixture of produced water and gas passes through a special valve before entering the CFU. The ratio of the inlet produced water flow rate to the DGF pump output rate plays an important role in optimum separation of oil droplets from the produced water. Besides the above-mentioned ratio, generation of an adequate number and size of bubbles provides another critical key factor in efficient operation of the CFU system. To validate our theoretical approach regarding the controlled forced vortex of the multiphase flow, we performed various tests in the shop facility of Siemens Water Technologies Corporation, as well as on a platform facility offshore Louisiana. We used a response surface methodology technique to analyze the CFU performance data and to generate an optimum surface response for free oil and grease removal efficiency. For optimizing the size of the piping and CFU dimensions, we used the rigorous yet simple principles of the constrained similitude. The free oil removal efficiency results in the shop and field tests, for CFU without the use of packing material, were satisfactory. Additionally, we found that CFU system tests resulted in the removal efficiency of water soluble oil (WSO). We did not expect this additional outcome as the CFU system was not designed to affect the removal of WSO.


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