scholarly journals Sward structure and nutritive value of tanzania guineagrass subjected to rotational stocking managements

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gelson dos Santos Difante ◽  
Domicio do Nascimento Júnior ◽  
Valéria Pacheco Batista Euclides ◽  
Sila Carneiro da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Amorim Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Canopy Light Interception ◽  
Sward Structure

The objective of this work was to evaluate the sward structure and nutritive value of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia subjected to rotational stocking managements characterised by a common pre-grazing condition of 95% canopy light interception (LI) and two post-grazing residues, 25 and 50 cm. Treatments (95/25, 95/50 - LI/residue) were assigned to experimental units (groups of six 2500 m² paddocks per treatment) according to a complete randomised block design, with two replications. The variables measured corresponded to: canopy light interception, pre and post-grazing sward height, herbage mass and pre and post-grazing morphological composition, herbage bulk density, herbage accumulation and nutritive value (including to IVOMD) of the morphological components. Pre-grazing herbage mass did not differ between residues, although the herbage accumulation rate was higher for the 50 than the 25 cm (164.9 and 90.6 kg/ha.day DM, respectively). Post-grazing herbage mass values were higher for the 50 cm residue and were characterised by a higher proportion of leaf blade in relation to the 25 cm treatment, which presented a higher proportion of dead material. On average, the contents of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and lignin in acid detergent (LAD) as well as the values of the "in vitro" organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were similar for both treatments. Crude protein and IVOMD decreased and NDF and LAD increased from top to the bottom of the sward, indicating grazing intensity as an important variable for promoting adjustments in the grazing efficiency and nutritive value of the consumed herbage by the grazing animals.

scholarly journals SWARD STRUCTURE AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF UROCHLOA RUZIZIENSIS UNDER NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM FERTILISATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-229
Author(s):  
KARLA RODRIGUES DE LIMA ◽  
◽  
CARLOS AUGUSTO BRANDÃO DE CARVALHO ◽  
FLAVIO HENRIQUE VIDAL AZEVEDO ◽  
PEDRO ANTONIO MUNINZ MALAFAIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilisation on the forage accumulation and nutritive value of Urochloa ruziziensis during the summer of 2010/2011 and autumn, winter, spring and summer of 2011/2012. A complete randomised block design with four treatments (0, 120, 240 and 360 kg ha-1 year-1 N and K2O) and five replicates were used. The data were analysed under the PROC MIXED of SAS®. The following variables were evaluated: sward height; forage mass; forage bulk density; percentages of leaf blade dry matter, stem dry matter, and dead material dry matter; leaf blade:stem ratio; contents of dry matter and crude protein; in vitro digestibility of dry matter; neutral detergent fibre content; and lignin content of Urochloa ruziziensis. There was an interaction between the N and K levels of fertilisation and the season for all variables. In addition, there was a positive linear effect of the N and K levels of fertilisation on the forage accumulation rate, the crude protein content and the in vitro digestibility of dry matter and a negative linear effect these levels on the neutral detergent fibre and lignin contents during the spring and summer of 2011/2012. N and K fertilisation and the climate changes characteristic of each season jointly affected the accumulation and nutritive value of Urochloa ruziziensis. N and K fertilisation up to 360 kg ha-1 year-1 improved the forage accumulation and nutritive value of Urochloa ruziziensis.

scholarly journals 28 Defining Grazing Recommendations for Alfalfa-Bermudagrass Mixtures in the Southeastern U.S

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
Kaylyn Groce ◽  
Jennifer J Tucker ◽  
Katie Mason ◽  
Landon Marks ◽  
Mary K Mullenix
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Harvest Frequency ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Recently there has been growing interest in interseeding high-quality legumes, like alfalfa, into existing bermudagrass stands as a step towards improving forage, animal, and ecosystem sustainability in the Southeast. Current work evaluating these mixtures has focused on management and production of stored forages, and limited work has evaluated the use of alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures under grazing conditions. It is known that both grazing intensity and frequency impact overall alfalfa stand production over time. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of harvest height and frequency on alfalfa interseeded into bermudagrass to develop grazing management recommendations. In 2018 thirty-six alfalfa-bermudagrass plots were established at 4 locations across Alabama and Georgia in a randomized complete block design with four replications at each location. Alfalfa varieties utilized were selected for suitability to location and were either ‘Bulldog 505’ or ‘Bulldog 805’ interseeded into existing hybrid bermudagrass sods. Treatments included combinations of harvest frequency (2, 4, or 6 weeks) and harvest height (5, 10, 15 cm) and plots were evaluated to determine the optimum interval in relation to sward yield, alfalfa persistence, stand density, botanical composition, nutritive value, and change over time. Forage yield was affected by the interaction of location with harvest frequency and height (P < 0.05). At three of the four locations, overall seasonal yield from the 5cm cutting height was greatest, however alfalfa persistence declined in these treatments throughout the season and was less than 10% at the northern locations when 2019 data collection began. Additionally, crude protein (CP) and in-vitro digestibility (IVDMD) declined throughout the season as the alfalfa presence decreased. This study is supported by funding from the USDA-NIFA-Alfalfa Forage Research Program (2017).

scholarly journals An investigation on chemical/mineral compositions, ruminal microbial fermentation, and feeding value of some leaves as alternative forages for finishing goats during the dry season

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Partial Substitution

AbstractFinding new fodder resources with moderate to high nutritional value that are cheaper and available is one of the most challenges in livestock industries. Hence, the nutritive value of some tree leaves (quince, pear, olive, mirabelle plum, greengage, sour cherry, and persimmon) was investigated by different laboratories and in vitro methods. Also, partial substitution of alfalfa and corn silage (50%) with these leaves was investigated using forty-eight goats in a randomized complete block design in vivo. Highest total phenol and tannin contents were obtained in quince (p < 0.001). Greengage (146.37 g/kg DM) and persimmon (136.96 g/kg DM) exhibited the highest crude protein, respectively (p < 0.001). Calcium content (19.82 g/kg DM) was highest in persimmon leaves (p < 0.001). Greengage (66.07 mmol/L) and mirabelle plum (65.58 mmol/L) produced more total volatile fatty acids in the culture medium, respectively (p < 0.001). Potential gas production ranged from 39.65 mL for pear to 55.32 mL mirabelle plum. Sour cherry had the highest acid–base buffering capacity (183.73 mEq × 10–3, p < 0.001). Highest dry matter intake (1087 g/day) and crude protein digestibility (70.80 %) were observed in diets containing greengage (p < 0.001). Total antioxidant capacity of serum increased when olive, quince, and persimmon were considered in goats feeding (p < 0.001). Although all studied leaves can be fed in diets of goats without deleterious effects on performance, serum, and hematology parameters, in vivo and in vitro results indicated that greengage in terms of nutritive value was superior to other studied leaves.

Management of Aries and Aruana Guinea grass cultivars under rotational stocking based on canopy light interception

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
F. P. Campos ◽  
P. Sarmento ◽  
W. T. Mattos ◽  
L. Gerdes ◽  
R. A. Carnevalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract Efforts were made to obtain forage cultivars with high production capacity and quality and to determine the ideal time to start animal grazing, respecting the morphological characteristics of the grasses. For this purpose, the nutritional value, digestibility and characteristics of the forage canopy of Aries and Aruana (Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) or Panicum maximum) cultivars kept under rotational stocking with sheep were evaluated and the management height was determined based on 95% light interception (LI). The experiment was evaluated with repeated measures over time (grazing cycles by season, in 2 years) with a treatment factor (grass cultivar) in a completely randomized block design with eight replicates, using 800 m2 paddocks. The height of the forage canopy before grazing (pre-grazing) determined by 95% LI stabilized around 29 cm. The highest proportion of Aruana leaf blades was observed in winter. Aries grass presented similar leaf blade percentages in summer, autumn and spring. Similar forage accumulation (FA) was observed for both cultivars, decreasing in spring, autumn and winter. Higher crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were seen in Aries grass, while Aruana grass presented higher neutral and acid detergent fibre and cellulose and lower IVDMD. The nutritional quality of the grasses was maintained throughout the year. The height of the forage canopy of Aries and Aruana recommended for entry into the paddock is 29 cm to maintain nutritional quality. The successful management strategy adopted for grasses combined with nitrogen fertilization provided a greater forage mass quality.

scholarly journals Animal performance and sward characteristics of Mombaça guineagrass pastures subjected to two grazing frequencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane A.F. Alvarenga ◽  
Valéria P.B. Euclides ◽  
Denise B. Montagner ◽  
André F. Sbrissia ◽  
Rodrigo A. Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

The aim of this work was to compare grazing management practices of Mombaça guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus syn. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) based on the sward incident light interception (LI) concept. We tested, when the regrowth period in rotationally stocked Mombaça guineagrass ended, if LI (90 or 95%) affected forage accumulation, sward characteristics and animal performance. Both treatments had a common post-grazing canopy height of 50 cm and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Pastures were sampled pre- and post-grazing to determine forage mass, morphological composition and forage accumulation rate (FAR). Nutritive value (NV) was estimated in pre-grazing samples. Stocking rate was adjusted twice a week, and animals were weighed every 28 days. Pre-grazing conditions of 90 and 95% LI were reached at pasture heights of approximately 80 and 90 cm, respectively. FAR, sward structure and NV were similar for pastures grazed at 90 and 95% LI. Consequently, stocking rate, average daily gain and liveweight gain/ha were similar for both LI treatments. Data suggest that Mombaça guineagrass can be grazed at pre-grazing heights of 80–90 cm (90–95% LI) without compromising pasture structure and animal performance provided moderate defoliation severity is employed. Further testing of this grazing strategy over longer periods should be carried out with this species as well as other tropical grasses.

scholarly journals 27 Defining Grazing Recommendations for Alfalfa-Bermudagrass Mixtures in the Southeastern U.S

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
Kaylyn Groce ◽  
Jennifer J Tucker ◽  
Katie Mason ◽  
Landon Marks ◽  
Mary K Mullenix
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Harvest Frequency ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Recently there has been growing interest in interseeding high-quality legumes, like alfalfa, into existing bermudagrass stands as a step towards improving forage, animal, and ecosystem sustainability in the Southeast. Current work evaluating these mixtures has focused on management and production of stored forages, and limited work has evaluated the use of alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures under grazing conditions. It is known that both grazing intensity and frequency impact overall alfalfa stand production over time. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of harvest height and frequency on alfalfa interseeded into bermudagrass to develop grazing management recommendations. In 2018 thirty-six alfalfa-bermudagrass plots were established at 4 locations across Alabama and Georgia in a randomized complete block design with four replications at each location. Alfalfa varieties utilized were selected for suitability to location and were either ‘Bulldog 505’ or ‘Bulldog 805’ interseeded into existing hybrid bermudagrass sods. Treatments included combinations of harvest frequency (2, 4, or 6 weeks) and harvest height (5, 10, 15 cm) and plots were evaluated to determine the optimum interval in relation to sward yield, alfalfa persistence, stand density, botanical composition, nutritive value, and change over time. Forage yield was affected by the interaction of location with harvest frequency and height (P &lt; 0.05). At three of the four locations, overall seasonal yield from the 5cm cutting height was greatest; however, alfalfa persistence declined in these treatments throughout the season and was less than 10% at the northern locations when 2019 data collection began. Additionally, crude protein (CP) and in-vitro digestibility (IVDMD) declined throughout the season as the alfalfa presence decreased. This study is supported by funding from the USDA-NIFA-Alfalfa Forage Research Program (2017).

scholarly journals Ingestive behaviour, herbage intake and grazing efficiency of beef cattle steers on Tanzania guineagrass subjected to rotational stocking managements

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gelson dos Santos Difante ◽  
Valéria Pacheco Batista Euclides ◽  
Domicio do Nascimento Júnior ◽  
Sila Carneiro da Silva ◽  
Roberto Augusto de Almeida Torres Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Intensity Range ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Grazing Intensities ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour ◽  
Canopy Light Interception

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the ingestive behaviour, herbage intake and grazing efficiency of beef cattle steers grazing on Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania subjected to different rotational stocking intensities. Treatments corresponded to two post-grazing conditions (residues of 25 and 50 cm) associated with a pre-grazing condition of 95% sward canopy light interception during regrowth (LI). The grazing time increased linearly with the duration of the occupation period (475 to 630 minutes/day). On paddocks grazed down to a residue of 25 cm, the bite rate increased linearly along the occupation period, with an average of 42.5 bites/minute. On paddocks grazed down to a residue of 50 cm, the bite rate was stable and equal to 39 bites/minute. There was no difference in herbage intake between grazing intensities. However, grazing at 25 cm residue resulted in greater herbage removal (68.0 vs. 45.6%) and greater grazing efficiency (90.4 vs. 49.8%) than grazing at 50 cm residue. Post-grazing residues of Tanzania guineagrass under rotational stocking management may be set at either 25 or 50 cm, since the herbage intake was not affected within this grazing intensity range. However, herbage removal and grazing efficiency were reduced with the 50 cm post-grazing height and grazing time increased with long occupation periods.

scholarly journals 115 Nitrogen fertilizer effects on above ground sward characteristics and beef heifer performance from native warm-season grass blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Caroline Chappell ◽  
Landon Marks ◽  
Katie Mason ◽  
Mary K Mullenix ◽  
Sandra L Dillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Canopy Light Interception

Abstract A 2-yr study was conducted at Black Belt Research and Extension Center in Marion Junction, AL, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate on forage production characteristics, nutritive value, and animal performance of beef heifers grazing a mixture of native warm-season grasses (NWSG) including big bluestem, little bluestem, and indiangrass. Six, two-hectare plots were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (0 or 67 kg N ha-1 applied in early April; n = 3 replications per treatment). Paddocks were continuously stocked with four weaned Angus × Simmental beef heifers (initial BW 288 ± 7 kg) from late May/early June through mid-to-late August during 2018 (73 grazing d) and 2019 (70 grazing d), respectively. Put-and-take cattle were used to manage forage to a target of 38 cm. Forage mass and canopy heights were collected every two weeks during the trial. Visual ground cover ratings, canopy light interception, and botanical composition were measured at the beginning and end of the trial in each year. Hand-plucked samples were collected every two weeks during the grazing trial to determine forage nutritional value. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4, and differences were declared significant when P ≤ 0.05. Nitrogen fertilized NWSG had greater crude protein (P &lt; 0.0001), sward heights (P = 0.0003), and canopy light interception at the beginning of the season (P = 0.0049) compared to non-fertilized paddocks. However, there were no differences (P ≥ 0.05) among N-fertility treatments for mean forage mass, heifer ADG, or BCS across the 2-yr study. Botanical composition data indicated that indiangrass decreased from 64% to 61% (P = 0.0022) and weed pressure increased from 11% to 15% (P = 0.0064) across the summer grazing season. Canopy light interception decreased by 51% from early June to August in fertilized NWSG and 26% in unfertilized paddocks, respectively. These data illustrate that NWSG systems may provide a viable grazing system in the summer months under reduced N inputs.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of sorghum silages

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Renê Ferreira Costa ◽  
Daniella Cangussú Tolentino ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
High Participation ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

 This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional characteristics and quality of silages of five sorghum genotypes, namely: Volumax, AG2005E, Qualimax, BRS610 and AG2501. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Unimontes, in the municipality of Janaúba, state of Minas Gerais. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design with four replicates. Data were tested by analysis of variance andmeans were compared by Scott-Knott test at a significance level of 5%. The pH values ranged from 3.93 and 4.10. Genotypes differed in all studied nutritional characteristics (p < 0.05). For the acid detergent fiber, differences were detected between the genotypes, AG2501 (35.66%), Volumax (34.89%), AG2005E (34.53%), Qualimax (32.39%) and BRS610 (33.60%). The high participation of lignin was verifiedin all genotypes except for Volumax (4.14%). All silages were within the recommended range 50-65% for in vitro dry matter digestibility and classified as having good quality, however only the AG2005E genotype met nitrogen requirements for microbial fermentation, with 7.06% crude protein. 

scholarly journals Sward structure and herbage yield of rotationally stocked pastures of 'Marandu' palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha (A.Rich.) Stapf] as affected by herbage allowance

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo José Braga ◽  
Carlos Guilherme Silveira Pedreira ◽  
Valdo Rodrigues Herling ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Cerqueira Luz ◽  
César Gonçalves de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Pasture Yield ◽  
Sward Structure

In ruminant-forage systems herbage allowance (HAL) has a major impact on grazing intensity and sward structure, affecting animals, plants, and ultimately, pasture yield. Data on HAL responses of tropical cultivated pastures are scarce and this information may be useful in optimizing pasture utilization. The objective of this study was to describe and contrast sward structure and herbage accumulation responses of 'Marandu' palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha (A.Rich.) Stapf] pastures to HAL during two grazing seasons (warm-rainy season of 2003 and 2004). Treatments were four daily HAL levels, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg herbage mass per 100 kg live weight (%) in a rotational stocking system with 35 days of grazing cycle (28-day rest; 7-d grazing). Post-graze swards were shorter (~17 cm) under 5% HAL. For the other HAL levels, postgraze sward height increased throughout the experiment (21 to 50 cm). Changes in sward light interception (LI) were highly associated with height, but differed across HALs in 2004. Early in the 2003 season, HAL increases resulted in linear increase of the daily herbage accumulation rate (HAR; 47, 66, 78, and 98 kg DM ha-1 d-1 for 5, 10, 15 and 20%-HAL, respectively). For the subsequent grazing cycles of 2003 and all through 2004, HAR decreased with increasing HAL. This was associated with the excessive increase in sward height and mean forage mass, caused by lower grazing intensity. The use of lax (high) HAL to maximize animal performance, especially 10, 15 and 20%-HAL, resulted in decreased pasture performance (lower herbage accumulation, HAC) in palisadegrass pastures.

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