scholarly journals SWARD STRUCTURE AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF UROCHLOA RUZIZIENSIS UNDER NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM FERTILISATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-229
Author(s):  
KARLA RODRIGUES DE LIMA ◽  
◽  
CARLOS AUGUSTO BRANDÃO DE CARVALHO ◽  
FLAVIO HENRIQUE VIDAL AZEVEDO ◽  
PEDRO ANTONIO MUNINZ MALAFAIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilisation on the forage accumulation and nutritive value of Urochloa ruziziensis during the summer of 2010/2011 and autumn, winter, spring and summer of 2011/2012. A complete randomised block design with four treatments (0, 120, 240 and 360 kg ha-1 year-1 N and K2O) and five replicates were used. The data were analysed under the PROC MIXED of SAS®. The following variables were evaluated: sward height; forage mass; forage bulk density; percentages of leaf blade dry matter, stem dry matter, and dead material dry matter; leaf blade:stem ratio; contents of dry matter and crude protein; in vitro digestibility of dry matter; neutral detergent fibre content; and lignin content of Urochloa ruziziensis. There was an interaction between the N and K levels of fertilisation and the season for all variables. In addition, there was a positive linear effect of the N and K levels of fertilisation on the forage accumulation rate, the crude protein content and the in vitro digestibility of dry matter and a negative linear effect these levels on the neutral detergent fibre and lignin contents during the spring and summer of 2011/2012. N and K fertilisation and the climate changes characteristic of each season jointly affected the accumulation and nutritive value of Urochloa ruziziensis. N and K fertilisation up to 360 kg ha-1 year-1 improved the forage accumulation and nutritive value of Urochloa ruziziensis.

Nutritive value of corn silage in mixture with vine peas

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhu ◽  
C. S. Bai ◽  
X. S. Guo ◽  
Y. L. Xue ◽  
Kazuo Ataku
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Plastic Bags

Combining corn with legumes for silage is a feasible strategy to improve crude protein concentration in corn silage. This study was conducted to determine the fermentation characteristics and overall nutritive value of ensiled corn (Zea mays L.), vine peas (Pisum sativum L.), and mixtures of the two crops at three different ratios. The two crops were ensiled in corn/pea mixtures containing 0, 33, 50, 67, and 100% corn in vacuumed plastic bags for 60 days at room temperature. The addition of peas to corn crude protein and dry matter concentrations in the ensiled forages had a negligible influence on neutral detergent fibre concentration compared with corn silage. Corn silage had a greater (P < 0.05) lactic acid concentration than vine peas silage and the mixtures. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in in vitro dry matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility among the silages made from the vine peas, corn, and mixtures. Improved fermentation characteristics were obtained in vine peas and corn mixture silage at a ratio of 33 : 67 compared with the other mixtures and vine peas silage. Results generated from this study suggest that combining vine peas with corn for silage could provide livestock with not only a high energy concentration feed, but a high concentration of crude protein as well.

scholarly journals Nutritional characteristics and in vitro digestibility of silages from different corn cultivars harvested at two cutting heights

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Caetano ◽  
M.D.S. Oliveira ◽  
J.E. Freitas Júnior ◽  
A.C. Rêgo ◽  
M.V. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Cutting Height

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional traits and in vitro digestibility of silages from different corn cultivars harvested at two cutting heights. It was evaluated 11 cultivars (Dina 766, Dina 657, Dina 1000, P 3021, P 3041, C 805, C 333, AG 5011, FO 01, Dina co 9621 and BR 205) harvest 5 cm above ground (low) and 5 cm below the intersection of the first ear (high). It was used a random block design (three blocks), arranged in a 11 × 2 factorial scheme. Silages from plants harvested at high cutting height presented average content of dry matter significantly superior to silages from plants harvested at low height. Cultivars FO 01, AG 5011, Dina co 9621 and Dina 766 presented greater content of crude protein than cultivars C 805, P 3041 and P 3021, which presented the lowest contents of this nutrient. The raise in the cut height increased in vitro dry matter true digestibility coefficients and in vitro dry matter digestibility of silage evaluated. The increase in cut height improved nutritive value of silages by decreasing concentrations of fibrous fractions and increasing in vitro dry matter digestibility.

scholarly journals Nutritional potentials and in vitro estimation of composite cocoa pod husk-based diets for ruminants

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Cassava Peel

Abstract Background The use of cocoa pod husk in livestock nutrition is being limited because of its fibrous nature and anti-nutrients, which have detrimental effect(s) on the animals. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value and effects of replacing urea-treated ensiled cocoa pod husk meal (urea-treated CPHM) with cassava peel in a complete concentrate diet (CCD) on in vitro digestibility and methane (CH4) production. Methods Urea-treated CPHM was prepared by soaking the raw milled pod in 5% urea solution under anaerobic condition for 7 days, and decanted and the filtrates were further ensiled for 28 days, dried, and were replaced with cassava peel meal in CCD at 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15% on part basis. Feed samples (n = 3) were analyzed for chemical composition, and data generated from in vitro study were subjected to statistical analysis in a completely randomized design experiment. Results Results revealed that the treatment significantly reduced the crude fiber, fiber fraction contents, and anti-nutrients and improved the crude protein content of the pod by 71.84%. Dry matter and crude protein of the diets ranged from 89.34–89.71% and 10.52–12.84%, respectively. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) increased with increasing levels of urea-treated CPHM in the diets. With increasing levels of urea-treated CPHM, CH4 production relatively reduced as compared to diet E. Metabolizable energy (5.66 Kcal/g) of diet F was the highest. Therefore, the inclusion of urea-treated CPHM at 15% in CCDs has the potential for improving digestibility and reducing CH4 production in ruminants.

EFFECT OF HARVEST DATES ON YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF FORAGE KALE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
L. J. HALLIDAY ◽  
J. B. SANDERSON ◽  
U. C. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Forage kale (Brassica oleracea L. ’Maris Kestrel’) was sown on 27 May and harvested at 18- to 22-d intervals between 16 Sept. and 6 Dec. in 1985 and 1986. Dry matter accumulated until early November and then declined at about 19 kg ha−1 d−1 until the final harvest. In vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM) ranged from 916 to 952 g kg−1 among harvest dates. Crude protein was similar for most harvest dates. Hemi-cellulose content decreased in 1985 but not in 1986 while cellulose content decreased in 1986 but not in 1985. Lignin content increased from 25 to 43 g kg−1 between mid-September and early December. The cell content peaked at 814 g kg−1 in mid-November. There was an increase in S-methylcysteine sulphoxide (SMCO) concentration of leaves from 1.4 g kg−1 to 6.2 g kg−1 between the first and last harvest dates. Potassium concentrations increased in 1985 and decreased in 1986 from September to December while concentrations of P and S were not influenced by harvest dates. With later harvests, both Ca and Mg concentrations decreased while B decreased in 1985 but not in 1986. Zinc concentrations peaked in October in 1986 while in 1985 they were similar for the five harvest dates. Iron concentrations fluctuated in the two years while Cu and Mn concentrations were not influenced by harvest dates. Forage kale provided highly digestible dry matter in late season. The mineral composition of kale was adequate with the exception of Cu, Mn and Zn which would not satisfy the dietary requirements of ruminants. The SMCO concentrations in kale leaves increased steadily from mid-September to early December but were lower than those concentrations considered deleterious to animal health.Key words: Brassica oleracea L., crude protein, hemicellulose, cellulose, SMCO, macronutrients

scholarly journals Sward structure and nutritive value of tanzania guineagrass subjected to rotational stocking managements

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gelson dos Santos Difante ◽  
Domicio do Nascimento Júnior ◽  
Valéria Pacheco Batista Euclides ◽  
Sila Carneiro da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Amorim Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Canopy Light Interception ◽  
Sward Structure

The objective of this work was to evaluate the sward structure and nutritive value of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia subjected to rotational stocking managements characterised by a common pre-grazing condition of 95% canopy light interception (LI) and two post-grazing residues, 25 and 50 cm. Treatments (95/25, 95/50 - LI/residue) were assigned to experimental units (groups of six 2500 m² paddocks per treatment) according to a complete randomised block design, with two replications. The variables measured corresponded to: canopy light interception, pre and post-grazing sward height, herbage mass and pre and post-grazing morphological composition, herbage bulk density, herbage accumulation and nutritive value (including to IVOMD) of the morphological components. Pre-grazing herbage mass did not differ between residues, although the herbage accumulation rate was higher for the 50 than the 25 cm (164.9 and 90.6 kg/ha.day DM, respectively). Post-grazing herbage mass values were higher for the 50 cm residue and were characterised by a higher proportion of leaf blade in relation to the 25 cm treatment, which presented a higher proportion of dead material. On average, the contents of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and lignin in acid detergent (LAD) as well as the values of the "in vitro" organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were similar for both treatments. Crude protein and IVOMD decreased and NDF and LAD increased from top to the bottom of the sward, indicating grazing intensity as an important variable for promoting adjustments in the grazing efficiency and nutritive value of the consumed herbage by the grazing animals.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Tropical Grasses

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-200
Author(s):  
H. Kayongo-Male ◽  
J. W. Thomas ◽  
D. E. Ullrey ◽  
R. J. Deans ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Tropical Grasses

One hundred and one tropical grasses, lightly fertilized with ammonium nitrate at the rate of 350 kg/ha, were harvested by hand (machete) at 30 days of growth. Crude protein content ranged from 9.8 to 23.8% while lignin content ranged from 2.6 to 7.9%. Wide ranges in the percentage of neutral-detergent fiber (45.7 to 79.2%), acid-detergent fiber (30.9 to 45.3%), hemicellulose (11.7 to 37.5%), and silica (0.4 to 5.5%) were obtained. Digestibility estimates obtained by the Tilley and Terry method and neutral-detergent fiber digestibilities had wide ranges: 42.6 to 66.0% and 22.0 to 62.0%, respectively. Total dry matter disappearance ranged from 44.3 to 78.2%. Digestibility estimates from predictive equations ranged from 74.0 to 94.5% for estimated digestible dry matter, 67.3 to 91.7% for estimated true digestible dry matter, and 54.4 to 78.8% for estimated apparent digestible dry matter. Analysis of variance showed significant variations between and within genera, indicating a possibility of genetic improvement through selection for high nutritive value. Silica was variably correlated with digestibility depending on genera. Acid-detergent fiber seemed more important than lignin in determining digestibility values. The significance of the term L/ADF in relation to digestibility estimates among all data and among genera was much less for in vitro estimates than for estimates calculated from predictive equations. This may indicate that lignification of cellulose has less influence on digestibility of tropical than of temperate forages. The estimated digestibility values based on fibrous constituents were poorly correlated to in vitro digestibility values, indicating inadequacy of using predictive equations developed for temperate forages with tropical grasses. Correlation coefficients between measured parameters showed great variation among four genera: Paspalum, Pennisetum, Digitaria, and Panicum.

scholarly journals Pruning as a strategy to improve the nutritional value of the aerial parts of industry- purpose cassava clones

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Duarte FERNANDES ◽  
Roberto GUIMARÃES JÚNIOR ◽  
Eduardo Alano VIEIRA ◽  
Josefino de Freitas FIALHO ◽  
Juaci Vitória MALAQUIAS
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Starch Yield

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to assess the influence of pruning on the starch yield and nutritional value of the aerial parts of industry- purpose cassava clones adapted to the Cerrado region of Central Brazil. Four elite clones were submitted to either total shoot pruning or no pruning at 12 months after planting, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plants were evaluated eighteen months after planting. Clone 330/09 presented the highest root yield with and without pruning, and also higher starch yield, green and dry mass yields, and crude protein yield of aerial parts without pruning. In plants that were pruned, clones 117/09 and 359/09 stood out, with higher yields of the crude protein content of the aerial part and a higher in vitro digestibility of the dry matter. These clones are therefore an option when using the aerial parts of cassava in animal feed. Total pruning at 12 months of age significantly increased the crude protein content and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter of the aerial parts, improving its nutritional value. Pruning did, however, reduce the starch yield of the roots and the total yields of the roots and aerial parts.

scholarly journals Pasture characteristics and productive performance of dairy cows under two grazing management strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Alberto Magno Fernandes ◽  
Tadeu Silva Oliveira ◽  
Alisson Rodrigues Jordão ◽  
Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo ◽  
Danielle Ferreira Baffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility

The objective of this work was to evaluate the supply, morphological and chemical composition of forage, performance and milk composition of crossbred cows managed in Megathyrsus maximus cv. Tanzania in intermittent grazing system with fixed and variable defoliation intervals according to the interception of 95% of photosynthetically active radiation by the canopy. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two treatments and two area replications. In each grazing cycle the supply, morphological composition, forage nutritive value, dry matter intake, milk production and composition were determined. The experimental area was 4.0 hectares, divided into two blocks of 2 hectares. Each block was subdivided into 22 pickets (11 for each treatment) totaling 44 pickets with an area of 909 m2 each. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed for leaf blade content, in vitro digestibility of dry matter and forage crude protein, dry matter intake, individual and area milk production and lactose content milk, being the highest values found in the pastures managed with variable defoliation interval. Thus, the defoliation interval defined by the 95% interception of the photosynthetically luminosity leads to higher leaf blade proportions in the forage canopy, resulting in higher individual milk yield and per unit area, but with a loss of protein and total solids contents of milk.

The assessment of herbage legume varieties. II. In vitro digestibility, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and mineral content of primary growth of clover and lucerne

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ellis Davies ◽  
G. ap Griffith ◽  
A. Ellington
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Primary Growth

The primary growth of eight varieties of three species–white clover (3), red clover (4) and lucerne (1)–was sampled at fortnightly intervals and the percentage dry matter, in vitro digestibility, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, P, Ca, K, Na and Mg were determined.Differences between species were nearly always significant and the general order of merit was white clover, red clover and lucerne. The exceptions were for dry-matter percentage where this order was reversed, and red clover had the lowest Na and highest Mg content.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilization with fluid swine slurry on production and nutritive value of Tifton 85

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan Vielmo ◽  
Amadeu Bona Filho ◽  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Swine Slurry ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of liquid swine slurry on dry matter accumulation rate and nutritive values (crude proten and neutral detergent fiber) of Tifton 85 grass pasture cultivated in southwestern Paraná from October 2005 to March 2006. It was used a complete random experimental design in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme composed of four doses of swine slurry in the plots (0, 80, 160 and 320 m³/ha) and four consecutive cuts in the subplots of the pasture. It was carried out two applications, one in the beginning of the experiment and other after 80 days. Cuts were performed every time pasture height was 40 cm. There was a dose versus cut interaction for all variables. Swine slurry promoted increase on dry matter accumulation rate only on the first cut after its application (cuts 1 and 3). Dry matter maximal yield (24.2 t/ha) was obtained at 249 m³/ha of swine slurry manure (143 and 106 m³/ha, respectively for applications 1 and 2), corresponding to 450 kg of N/ha. Percentage of crude protein increases and neutral detergent fiber of Tifton 85 grass decreases as dose of swine slurry increases, improving forage nutritive value. Use efficiency and nitrogen recovery rate decrease with addition of swine slurry doses.

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