scholarly journals Yield and botanical composition of a mixed grass-legume pasture in response to maintenance fertilization

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1633-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Mauricio Soares de Andrade ◽  
Judson Ferreira Valentim ◽  
João Batista Martiniano Pereira ◽  
Aliedson Sampaio Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Mixed Grass

This study was carried out on a low-productive Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture, mixed with Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte (forage peanut), established 13 years ago in a Red-Yellow Latosol in Acre State, western Brazilian Amazon. The purpose was to evaluate the response of this pasture to different fertilizer combinations, aiming at identifying the nutritional factors responsible for the fall of pasture carrying capacity and for the reduced vigor of forage peanut. It was used a randomized complete block design, with three replications and 12 combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, lime, sulfur, and micronutrients (100 kg/ha of N, P2O5 and K2O; 300 kg/ha of dolomitic lime; 30 kg/ha of sulfur and FTE BR-10). Fertilizers were broadcast in 5 × 5-m plots, and the experimental area was isolated from grazing for 35 days. Pasture response to fertilizations showed that nitrogen was the main limiting nutrient to forage production. The other nutrients, applied singly or in a combined way, without nitrogen source, did not change dry matter accumulation rate. Overall, fertilizations with nitrogen provided dry matter accumulation rate of 115 kg/ha/day in comparison to only 32 kg/ha/day when nitrogen was not applied. There was no response from forage peanut to fertilization, so, there are other factors responsible for its reduced vigor of regrowth.

scholarly journals Weed Interference on Growth and Leaf Nutrient Accumulation in Two Cassava Varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Gustavo Moratelli ◽  
Silvio Douglas Ferreira ◽  
Hiago Canavessi ◽  
Emerson Fey ◽  
Marcos Antonio Sedrez Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cassava Varieties

The development of cassava varieties with more efficient nutrient absorption can prevent losses caused by weed competition. The objective of this study was to evaluate dry matter accumulation and leaf nutrient content in traditional and improved cassava varieties, with and without coexistence with weeds throughout the cycle. A randomized complete block design was used in a 2 x 2 x 11 factorial scheme with four replications. The first factor consisted of two varieties (Baianinha and Clone 56-03); the second factor was composed of the conditions with and without coexistence with weeds, and the third factor was 11 harvest periods. Coexistence with weeds reduced leaf contents of N (20.8% and 24.8%), P (26.7% and 4.6%) and K (27.1% and 12.6%) for 'Baianinha' and 'Clone 56-03', respectively. For coexistence with 'Baianinha', the period up to the maximum daily nutrient accumulation rate (N, P and K) ranged from 82 to 99 days after planting (DAP), while for 'Clone 56-03', coexistence in this period ranged from 80 to 88 DAP. The plants from the variety 'Clone 56-03' presented higher total dry mass and root dry mass accumulation, as well as higher leaf contents of N, P and K than the traditional cassava variety 'Baianinha', especially when in coexistence with weeds during the whole cycle.

scholarly journals Effect of biostimulants on dry matter accumulation and gas exchange in plantain plants (Musa AAB)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Diana Mateus-Cagua ◽  
Gustavo Rodríguez-Yzquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Positive Effect

Biostimulants can potentially improve plant growth and development, modifying physiological processes. This study evaluated the effect of four biostimulants on the growth of ‘Hartón’ plantain plants and the leaf gas exchange during the vegetative phase. This experiment was developed on a plantain farm’s nursery in Fuente de Oro (Colombia) with a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments were the biostimulants: Bactox WP®: Bacillus subtilis (Bs); Baliente®: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Ba); Tierra Diatomeas®: silicon dioxide (Si); Re-Leaf®: salicylic acid (SA) and the control (water). All products had a positive effect on the accumulation of total dry matter (DM) (between 58.4 and 21.9%) and on the photosynthetic activity (a maximum of 110 and 24.3% in first and second evaluation), as compared to the control, while no differences were found (P>0.05) for the foliar emission rate and chlorophyll content between the treatments. The plants treated with Bs had the greatest DM accumulation at the end of the study and a constant, high photosynthetic activity. All the while Bs, Ba and Si managed to stimulate greater early photosynthetic activity. According to the results, the use of these biostimulants during the vegetative phase had an effect on the physiological processes that enhance DM accumulation in plantain plants, which could be potentially useful for the transplanting stage and increase the reserves used during their establishment and development in the field.

Potassium supplying capacity of soils from Minas Gerais-Brazil .

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Marcio Mattiello Mattiello ◽  
Vitor Hugo Alvarez V. ◽  
Nairam Felix de Barros ◽  
Arlindo Ferreira Faria Arlindo ◽  
Julio Cesar Lima Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Different Characteristics

Potassium is present in distinct forms in the soil. The K forms in the soil are characterized by reversible exchanges between compartments and they have different characteristics in regards to availability for plant uptake. The soil's capacity to supply or restrict K to plants is different for each soil and it determines the sustainability of agricultural production and fertilization management. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the K supplying capacity of soils of different mineralogies from Minas Gerais (Brazil), under successive corn cultivation. A greenhouse experiment was carried out in factorial 7 x 6 (seven soils and six rates of K), in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The corn plants were cultivated during 45 days for seven successive crop cycles in pots. The potassium availability in the soil was evaluated at the beginning and at the end of each crop cycle using Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractors. All treatments showed significant decreases in soil K content, which affected corn dry matter accumulation. The reserve of K was highest in Ultisols followed by Inceptisols and Oxisols. Contribution of non-exchangeable potassium to the plant nutrition was observed. The K availability in soil measured by Mehlich-1 represented 40% of K uptake by plants, and 61% of K uptake when Mehlich-3 was used.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytotoxicity of Sulfantrazone 48% F to Sugarcane Saccharum officinarum L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 302-314
Author(s):  
Nadir F. Almubarak ◽  
Tapendra K. Srivastava ◽  
A. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Sugarcane Variety ◽  
Sugarcane Research ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

A field experiment was conducted at the Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Luchnow, under subtropical Indian conditions during the season 2012-2013 to study the evaluation of phytotoxicity of sulfantrazone 48% f to sugarcane variety CoSe 92423. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments used in the experiment are sulfentrazone PPI 720 g a.i.ha-1, sulfentrazone PPI 1440 g a.i.ha-1, sulfentrazone Pre-em: 3 DAP 720 g a.i.ha-1, sulfentrazone Pre-em: 3 DAP 1440 g a.i.ha-1 and untreated control(weedy). The results showed that sulfentrazone PPI 1440 g ai.ha-1 registered the highest increase of germination (56.9 %) that didn’t differ significantly from other treatments. The dry matter accumulation in weeds was the lowest (7.2, 10.6 and 22.8 g.m-²) in sulfentrazone PPI 1440 a.i.ha-1 treatment achieved highest inhibition proportion of dry matter (90.2, 88.9 and 83.5 % ) at the 60, 90 and 120 DAP respectively. Phytotoxicity was not significantly affected by use of sulfentrazone herbicide. a significant increase in average number of canes by using sulfentrazone PPI 1440 g a.i.ha-1 led to even the highest increase in this attribute at the 90,120,150, 210 and 300 DAP. The use of sulfentrazone PPI 1440 g a.i.ha-1 registered the highest cane yield (84.1 t.ha-1) that was significantly higher to the tune of 44.94 % over control. Addition of sulfentrazone treatments significantly affected sugar yield. Sulfentrazone PPI 1440 g a.i.ha-1 and sulfentrazone Pre-eme 1440 g a.i.ha-1caused highest increase in this character which reached to 13.850 and 13.500 t.ha-1respectively.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA DENSIDADE DE PLANTAS, CORTES E DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO NA PRODUÇÃO DE CAPIM-PIATÃ

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-532
Author(s):  
Adriano Catossi Tinos ◽  
Giuliani do Prado ◽  
Beatriz Furlan Fonseca ◽  
Jhésmila Ingridy Bueno ◽  
Rafael Rech Bruscagin
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

O Brasil apresenta numeroso rebanho bovino e as pastagens proporcionam a maneira mais prática e econômica de fornecer forragem ao rebanho. O trabalho, conduzido na Universidade Estadual de Maringá, em Cidade Gaúcha, Paraná, objetivou avaliar o efeito da densidade de plantas e de doses de nitrogênio na produção de forragem de Brachiariabrizantha cv. Piatã. O experimento foi implantado em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4x4x10, com três repetições. Foram avaliados: i) doses de nitrogênio (0, 17, 33 e 50 kg ha-1 corte-1),aplicadas em cobertura após cada corte do pasto; ii) densidade de plantas (10, 20, 30 e 40 plantas m-2) e; iii) 10 ciclos de cortes das pastagens, realizados no decorrer do experimento. As produções de matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea da pastagem foram avaliadas. Os ciclos de corte e as doses de nitrogênio influenciaram na produção de massa fresca e seca. As maiores produções de massa fresca e seca foram obtidas na densidade de 10 plantas m-2 e, as menores, na densidade de 40 plantas m-2. O aumento da dose de nitrogênio até 50 kg N ha-1 corte-1 proporcionou incremento na produção de massa fresca e seca de pastagem de Piatã.Palavras chave: ciclo de corte; forragem; massa seca. INFLUENCE OF PLANT DENSITY AND NITROGEN DOSES ON CAPIM-PIATÃ PRODUCTION ABSTRACT: Brazil has a large cattle herd, and pastures have offered the most practical and economical way of providing them forage. This work was carried out at the UniversidadeEstadual de Maringá, in CidadeGaúcha city, Paraná state, and it aimed to evaluate the effect of plant density and nitrogen levels on forage production of Brachiariabrizantha cv. Piatã.The experiment was set out in a randomized complete block design in a 4x4x10 factorial scheme, with three replications. The evaluated factors were: i) nitrogen doses (0, 17, 33 e 50 kg ha-1 cut-1), applied on the soil surface after each cutting cycle; ii) plant density (10, 20, 30 e 40 plants m-2) and; iii) 10 pasture cutting cycles which were performed over the experiment. Fresh and dry matter productions of the pasture aerial part were evaluated. The factors cutting cycles and nitrogen levels had influenced on fresh and dry matter production of pasture. The highest yields of fresh and dry matter production were obtained at a plant density of 10 plants m-2 and the smallest yields for the plant density of 40 plants m-2. Increasing the nitrogen dose by 50 kg N ha-1 cut-1 provided an increase in the fresh and dry matter production of Brachiariabrizantha cv. Piatã.Key words: cuttingcycle; forage; dry matter.

scholarly journals Effect of weed control on weeds, grain yield and its components of maize (Zea mays L)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Ola El-Badry ◽  
◽  
El-Sayed Gheith ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

The present study entitled “effect of weed control on weeds, grain yield and its components of maize (Zea mays L.) cv. Single cross-10 was carried out at the Agricultural and Experiments Research Station at Giza, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt. The experiment was conducted in the summer 2017 and was repeated in 2018 on the same piece of land to conform previous findings. The experiment design was Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) having three replications. Six treatments include atrazine (1.0 kg/ha), glyphosate (0.8 kg/ha). atrazine + glyphosate, one hand hoeing after three weeks, hand hoeing twice after three and five weeks from sowing and weedy chick as control were used. Results indicated that glyphosate was found superior to atrazine for all studied characters. Moreover, lower weed dry matter accumulation and higher weed control % as well as higher values of ear characters ( ear length, ear diameter, grain weight/ear and shilling %) and grain yield per unit area were recorded in tank mix application of atrazine + glyphosate followed by hand hoeing twice.

scholarly journals Acúmulo de massa seca em feijão-caupi sob adubação orgânica

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Paulo Cássio Alves Linhares ◽  
Josimar Nogueora da Silva ◽  
Janailson Pereira de Figueredo ◽  
Toni Halan da Silva Irineu ◽  
Raimundo Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Common ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Mass Accumulation

<p>O feijão-caupi responde bem à adubação orgânica, aumentando sua produtividade quando o solo é adubado com estercos de animais, compostos orgânicos, húmus de minhoca e biofertilizante. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o acúmulo de massa seca do feijão-caupi em função de diferentes quantidades de húmus de minhoca incorporadas ao solo e biofertilizantes orgânicos nas condições do semiárido nordestino. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, na Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, em delineamento experimental em blocos completos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com 5 repetições. O primeiro fator correspondeu a quatro quantidades de húmus de minhoca incorporadas ao solo (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 kg m<sup>-1</sup>) e o segundo fator, duas adubações via foliar na forma líquida (biofertilizante comum e húmus de minhoca). Avaliaram-se os rendimentos de massa seca da: folha, caule, raiz, parte aera, total e da relação parte/aérea. Não houve interação significativa entre os fatores tratamentos testados para nenhuma das características avaliadas. O maior acúmulo de massa seca do feijão-caupi foi registrado com a incorporação ao solo de 0,14 Kg m<sup>-1</sup> de húmus de minhoca. Em termos de valores absolutos, o biofertilizante comum proporcionou maior massa seca do feijão-caupi.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Dry matter accumulation in cowpea under organic fertilization</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Cowpea responds well to organic fertilization, increasing its productivity when the soil is fertilized with animal manures, organic compounds, earthworm humus and biofertilizer. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the dry mass accumulation of cowpea as a function of different amounts of earthworm humus incorporated in the soil and organic biofertilizers under the conditions of the northeastern semi-arid region. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, at Universidade Estaudal da Paraíba, in a randomized complete block design, in the 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with 5 replications. The first factor corresponded to four quantities of earthworm humus (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg m<sup>-1</sup>) and the second factor, two leaf fertilization in the liquid form (common biofertilizer and earthworm humus). The dry mass yields of leaf, stem, root, aera, total and part/air ratio were evaluated. There was no significant interaction between the factors treatments tested for any of the characteristics evaluated. The highest dry mass accumulation of cowpea was recorded with soil incorporation of 0.14 kg m<sup>-1</sup> of worm humus. In terms of absolute values, the common biofertilizer provided a higher dry mass of cowpea.</p>

scholarly journals Using swine farming wastewater for Signal grass cultivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Grossi Costa Homem ◽  
Valdir Botega Tavares ◽  
Onofre Barroca de Almeida Neto ◽  
Marisa Senra Condé ◽  
Igor Machado Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Swine Waste ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production

The objective of this study was to evaluate forage production and root accumulation in Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk with swine wastewater as a fertilizer. The experiment was conducted into a greenhouse in Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southeast of Minas Gerais, Rio Pomba Campus. Pots with 6 dm-3 volumes were used as experimental units. Were used a randomized block design with four replications. Were studied four swine waste doses (0, 225, 450 and 675mL pot-1) over four regrowth cycles. The dry matter production of the aerial part, forage accumulation rate, crude protein and dry matter production of roots increased with the highest swine waste doses being around 670, 742, 160 and 465% respectively from lower to higher dose. There was interaction between swine waste and regrowth cycles for plant height and tillering, and in all regrowth cycles responded positively with increasing swine waste doses. Applying swine waste on pastures is therefore a viable alternative to increase productivity of B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, it recommends the use of swine waste corresponding to the dose of 675mL pot-1 to maintenance pastures

scholarly journals Dry matter accumulation and mineral nutrition of arracacha in response to nitrogen fertilization

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 669-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Augusto Magolbo ◽  
Ezequiel Lopes do Carmo ◽  
Emerson Loli Garcia ◽  
Adalton Mazetti Fernandes ◽  
Magali Leonel
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Zn Distribution ◽  
N Rates

Abstract:The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the growth and yield of arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza), as well as on the plant's nutrient uptake, distribution, and removal. The experiment was carried out in a typical Oxisol, with sandy texture. A randomized complete block design was used, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of five N rates: 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg ha-1. The plots were composed of three 8-m-length rows, spaced at 0.60 m between rows and 0.40 m between plants. The plants were harvested after an 8-month cycle. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the proportion of N and S accumulated in stems, and of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn in leaves. N supply increased Zn distribution to stems and leaves, whereas high N rates increased Cu allocation to stems more than to the rootstock. High N rates increase plant dry matter (DM) production and nutrient uptake and removal, but do not result in the greatest yield due to the greater development of leaves and stems, and to the lower allocation of DM in storage roots.

scholarly journals Residual effects of superficial liming on tropical soil under no-tillage system

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1633-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Jayme Ferrari Neto ◽  
Gustavo Spadotti Amaral Castro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tillage System

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the long-term effects of the surface application of lime on soil fertility and on the mineral nutrition and grain yield of soybean, and of black oat and sorghum in crop succession. The experiment was carried out on a clayey Oxisol, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. Treatments consisted of lime the rates of 0, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 kg ha-1, applied in October 2002 and November 2004. Soil samples were collected at five soil layers, down to 0.60-m depth. Surface liming was effective in reducing soil acidity and increasing Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents in the subsurface. Moreover, it increased available phosphorus contents and soil organic matter in the long term (48 to 60 months after the last lime application). Surface liming improved plant nutrition, mainly for N, Ca, and Mg, and increased dry matter production and grain yield of the crops, even in years with regular distribution of rainfall. The greatest productivities of soybean, black oat, and sorghum were obtained with the respective estimated lime doses of 4,000, 2,333, and 3,281 kg ha-1, for shoot dry matter, and of 2,550, 3,555, and over 4,000 kg ha-1, for grain yield.

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