scholarly journals Luteal dynamics in goats: morphological and endocrine features

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1937-1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Kenji Nunes Arashiro ◽  
João Henrique Moreira Viana ◽  
Jeferson Ferreira da Fonseca ◽  
Luiz Sérgio de Almeida Camargo ◽  
Carlos Antônio de Carvalho Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Multiple Ovulation ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Endocrine Features

The aim of this study was to establish the morphologic and endocrine characteristics of luteal dynamics in goats. It was used Toggenburg female goats that showed natural estrus in a 48-hour interval. After estrus, ultrasonographic evaluations of the ovaries were daily performed during 21 days using a portable device (5MHz probe). Blood sample was collected for plasma progresterone (P4) determination. Corpora lutea were detected for the first time on day 5 and progressively increased in size until D9 (1.26 ± 0.08 cm²), with no variation on subsequent days. In females with one ovulation, the first visualization of the corpora lutea was earlier than in those with multiple ovulation (4.54 ± 0.18 vs 5.74 ± 0.25 days). At the moment of the first visualization, luteal area was smaller in animals with single ovulation. Plasma P4 concentration progressively increased until day 9 and it did not show significant increase until luteolysis, characterized by a sharp decrease in P4 concentration, reaching values below 1 ng/mL in 24 hours. The luteal area slowly and gradually decreased in size. It was observed a significant positive correlation between P4 concentration and area during luteogenesis and luteolysis (r = 0.63 and r = 0.50, respectively). When corpus luteum reached its maximum size (D9), female with more than one corpora lutea, with a greater luteal tissue area, did not show P4 concentration higher than those with one ovulation (5.92 ± 0.59 vs 7.04 ± 0.79 ng/mL). These results show that luteal dynamics in Toggenbur goats follow a similar pattern to those observed in other goat breeds and luteal tissue growth was positively correlated with corpora lutea functionality.

103 Effects of administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin at Day 5 post-ovulation on development of the original corpus luteum depend on the locational relationship between the original and accessory corpora lutea

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
K. Hazano ◽  
S. Haneda ◽  
M. Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Prostaglandin F2a ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Relationship Of

In cattle, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is administered at Day 5 post-ovulation to improve fertility. This treatment can induce ovulation of the first-wave dominant follicle (W1DF), from which an accessory corpus luteum (CL) is generated. In addition, hCG has the effect of promoting CL development. It is possible that the locational relationship between the original and accessary CLs influences the effect of hCG on CL development, because the locational relationship of the CLs affects intraovarian blood flow. The present study aimed to clarify whether the locational relationship between the original and accessory CLs influences the effect of hCG on their development. Cross-bred beef heifers (Holstein×Japanese Black, n=56) were used for the present study. The oestrus cycle was synchronized using oestradiol benzoate (EB) and a controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based program. Briefly, an administration of EB (2mg) with 9-day CIDR insertion was followed by administration of prostaglandin F2a analogue (PGF2a) on the day of CIDR removal, EB (1mg) 1 day after a PGF2a injection, and GnRH 12h after the second EB injection. At Day 5 post-ovulation, the locational relationship between the original CL and the W1DF was confirmed using transrectal ultrasonography (USG), and two groups were defined: ipsilateral group (IG; n=30), in which the CL and the W1DF are in the same ovary, and contralateral group (CG; n=26), in which the CL and the W1DF are in separate ovaries. Moreover, IG and CG were respectively subdivided into two groups, with or without hCG (1500IU) treatment (IG/hCG, n=15; IG without hCG, n=15, and CG/hCG, n=14; CG without hCG, n=12). The diameter and luteal tissue area (i.e. minus the cavity area) of the original CL and the accessory CL were examined at Days 5, 7, and 14, using USG. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare the diameter and luteal tissue area between IG/hCG and IG without hCG, and between CG/hCG and CG without hCG. In CG, the diameter (P<0.01) and luteal tissue area of the original CL (P<0.001) at Day 7 was increased by receiving hCG, while it did not change in IG. The diameter and luteal tissue area of the original CL at Day 14 were not affected by the administration of hCG in either CG or IG. Moreover, for the accessory CL, no difference of the diameter and luteal tissue area was observed between CG and IG. The present study showed that hCG treatment at Day 5 post-ovulation stimulate the growth of the original CL at Day 7, when the original CL and accessory CL are on contralateral sides. Our results suggest that the effect of administration of the hCG at Day 5 post-ovulation on the original CL development depends on the locational relationship between the original and accessory CL (IG or CG). The function of the CL affects the intrauterine environment for embryonic development. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of the hCG injection at Day 5 on the function of CL (i.e. plasma P4 concentration) in IG and CG, respectively.

scholarly journals 315 CORPORA LUTEA MORPHOLOGICAL AND ECHOTEXTURAL ATTRIBUTES RELATED TO PLASMA PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION IN HEIFERS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
L. G. B. Siqueira ◽  
J. H. M. Viana ◽  
C. A. A. Torres ◽  
E. D. Souza ◽  
L. S. Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Luteal Tissue

It has been suggested that ultrasound image attributes are a potential indicator of the physiological and functional status of the corpus luteum (CL). The aim of this study was to evaluate corpus luteum morphological and echotextural changes, and to correlate these changes with plasma progesterone concentration [P4] throughout the bovine estrous cycle. Crossbred heifers were scanned daily, using a B-mode, real-time ultrasound machine equipped with a 5-MHz linear-array rectal transducer, throughout a natural estrous cycle (Experiment 1; n = 12) or during a shorter estrous cycle, interrupted on the 10th day, by luteolysis induction (Experiment 2; n = 6). Blood samples were collected for further plasma [P4] analyses by RIA. Corpora lutea areas (cm2) were measured, and daily images of each CL were videotaped (VHS tapes) until digitized. Computer-assisted analyses of image attributes were performed using a custom-developed software. Daily values of luteal area, echotexture, and plasma [P4] values were analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey's test to determine differences among means of each cycle day. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between luteal area, mean pixel value, pixel heterogeneity, and plasma [P4]. In the first experiment, luteal tissue area increased to a maximum on the 10th day (P < 0.05), followed by a plateau, and then declined from Day 14 to next estrus. There was a significant correlation between luteal tissue area and plasma P4 (r = 0.69; P < 0.01). In the second experiment, plasma P4 dropped to basal values 24 h after luteolysis induction. Luteal tissue area decreased at a slow rate, and reached values similar to ones from metestrus 36 h after treatment. In Experiment 1, echotexture parameters of the CL were analyzed after data adjustment to the onset of luteolysis. In both experiments, mean pixel values did not change throughout the estrous cycle and there was no correlation between mean pixel values and plasma [P4] (P > 0.10). Pixel heterogeneity changed throughout the natural estrous cycle, with maximum value on metestrus (Day 14; Day 0 = luteolysis) and minimum on diestrus (Day 2; P < 0.01). However, this parameter did not change when luteolysis was induced (Experiment 2; P > 0.10). There were significant correlations between pixel heterogeneity and plasma progesterone in both of the experiments (r = –0.69 and r = –0.48; P < 0.05). In conclusion, mean pixel values do not reflect morphological or functional changes of the CL throughout the estrous cycle. On the other hand, based on the correlations between pixel heterogeneity and systemic [P4] in both experiments, this image attribute (heterogeneity) has the potential to indicate functionality and steroidogenic capacity of the luteal gland.

415 USE OF COMPUTER-ASSISTED ULTRASOUND IMAGE ANALYSIS IN EMBRYO RECIPIENT SELECTION

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. B. Siqueira ◽  
J . H. M. Viana ◽  
E. D. Souza ◽  
L. S. A. Camargo ◽  
J. F. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Luteal Cell ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Recipient Selection

Ultrasonography has been extensively used in the study of reproductive function in areas such as antral follicular dynamics, ovulation, luteal function, and early pregnancy. However, most studies with ultrasound evaluation are limited to measurement of diameter, length, or area of internal structures, and few groups use differences in image density (echotexture) as an evaluation parameter. For corpora lutea, echo-texture differences reflect variations in vascularization and luteal cell proportions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate image analysis as a tool for embryo recipient selection. Grades I or II embryos produced by conventional superovulation (n = 55) or IVF (n = 87) were nonsurgically transferred to primiparous cows or heifer recipients (n = 142). Estrous synchronization was performed using the heat-synch protocol (Day 0: CIDR�; Day 5: 400 IU of eCG; Day 7: 500 �g of cloprostenol plus CIDR removal; Day 9: 2 mg of estradiol benzoate). Sonographic corpora lutea images were obtained on the day of embryo transfer (Day 7), using a portable ultrasound device (Aloka SSD 500; Aloka Co., Sao Paulo, Brazil) equipped with a linear rectal 5 MHz probe. Images were digitalized in .TIFF format at a resolution of 1500 � 1125, using a video capture board (Pinnacle DC10; Pinnacle Systems, Mountain View, CA, USA). A representative elementary area (REA) of 2.704 pixels (25 mm2) was defined in the luteal tissue, using the criteria proposed by Van den Bygaart et al. (1999 Can. J. Soil Sci. 79, 149–160). Image analysis was performed using a custom software package (QuantPro�). Each image dot (pixel) received a numeric value ranging from 0 (black) to 255 (white). Data from cows and heifers later diagnosed as pregnant or not in the groups receiving SOV or IVF embryos were analyzed by ANOVA, and results are presented as means � SEM. As expected, the pregnancy rate was higher for conventional than for IVF embryos (58.2% vs. 31.0%; P &lt; 0.05). There was a low correlation (R = 0.33) between luteal tissue area and pixel value for Day 7 corpora lutea. There was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) in luteal tissue area or echotexture between pregnant and non-pregnant animals in the groups receiving superovulation embryos (3.12 � 0.26 cm2 vs. 2.63 � 0.25 cm2, and 78.03 � 2.25 vs. 79.73 � 3.73, respectively) and IVF embryos (3.25 � 0.24 cm2 vs. 3.03 � 0.14 cm2, and 74.81 � 1.93 vs. 70.82 � 1.62, respectively). However, in the IVF embryo group, no pregnancy was established in cows bearing a CL with mean pixel value lower than 60.25 or greater than 89.27 (total values ranged from 44.72 to 99.79). Corpora lutea image analysis, using the REA proposed in this approach, had limited value to predict pregnancy rate of embryo recipients. Further studies will investigate the accuracy of the REA established and other image characteristics, including the pixel distribution pattern.

Enzymic Correlates of Development, Secretory Function and Regression of Follicles and Corpora Lutea in the Bovine Ovary. PART II: Formation, Development and Involution of Corpora Lutea

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (2_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S35-S51 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Lobel ◽  
E. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Steroid Synthesis ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Vascular Walls

ABSTRACT Activities of various hydrolases and dehydrogenases were studied during the formation, development and involution of cyclic corpora lutea and in the corpora lutea of early pregnancy. At 24 hours postovulation the luteal cells, whether of granulosal or thecal origin, contained demonstrable levels of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the NADP and NADPH2 diaphorases. During the period of proliferation and cellular growth, enzymic activities in the luteal cells were moderate at first, and then increased. In the mature corpus luteum, activities of the dehydrogenases occurred in all luteal cells but were most intense in the large polymorphic luteal cells. Activities of hydrolytic enzymes, low in the immediate postovulatory period, increased with the development of the vascular system. Enzymic characteristics of corpora lutea of gestation were similar to those of cyclic corpora, except for phosphorylase activity which was observed in luteal cells in gestational corpora, but confined to the vascular walls in cyclic corpora. No increase in activities of 17β- and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (above those seen in pre-ovulatory follicles) were observed after incubation of sections of either mature cyclic or gestational corpora. Involution of cyclic corpora lutea began with degenerative changes in the blood vessels: pyknosis of the endothelial cell nuclei and a sudden decline in activities of hydrolytic enzymes in the vascular walls. Subsequently, the luteal cells showed a sharp decrease in activities of the dehydrogenases as well as other signs of regressive change. The cytochemical findings are discussed in relation to biochemical observations on steroid synthesis by the bovine corpus luteum.

Localization of oxytocin and neurophysin in baboon (Papio anubis) corpus luteum by immunocytochemistry

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firyal S. Khan-Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Immunocytochemical Reaction

Abstract. Immunoreactive oxytocin is detectable in the corpora lutea of women and cynomolgus monkeys by radioimmunoassay. To localize the presence of oxytocin and neurophysin I in ovarian tissues of subhuman primates, three corpora lutea and ovarian stromal tissues and two Fallopian tubes obtained during the menstrual cycle of the baboon and decidua from two pregnant baboons were examined using highly specific antisera against either oxytocin or neurophysin I and preoxidase-antiperoxidase light microscopy immunohistochemistry. Oxytocin-like as well as neurophysin I-like immunoreactivities were found in some cells of all the corpora lutea only, but could not be demonstrated in ovarian stromal tissues, Fallopian tubes and decidua. Specificity of the immunocytochemical reaction was further confirmed by immunoabsorption of the antiserum with excess oxytocin or neurophysin, after which the immunoreactivities for both oxytocin and neurophysin in the luteal tissue were negative. Similar controls using normal rabbit serum gave no positive staining for either oxytocin or neurophysin. Counterstaining of the positive immunoreactivities for oxytocin and neurophysin I with Mayer's haematoxylin and eosin demonstrated clearly that the oxytocin and neurophysin I appeared as granular material mainly within the cytoplasm of the luteal cells. The localization of immunoreactive oxytocin and neurophysin I in the corpus luteum of the baboon demonstrates directly the presence of these two neurohypophysial peptides within primate luteal cells and suggests their local production.

TOWARDS THE QUESTION OF SPECIALIZED FEEDS FOR TENCHES (TINCA TINCA)

2017 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Elena Mikhaylovna Chervonenko ◽  
Lina Yurievna Lagutkina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
State Technical ◽  
Tinca Tinca ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Volga River ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Technical Centre

The article describes the process of tench growing (male and female species removed from set gear in the Volga river in the Astrakhan region) using experimental feedstuff "T", taking into account the fact that problems with artificial growing tench ( Тinca tinca ) appear first in the process of feeding when wild sires change to artificial food. The research took place on the base of the department of aquaculture and water bioresources of Astrakhan State Technical University in innovation centre "Bioaquapark - scientific and technical centre of aquaculture" in 2015. Special feed including components of animal origin - mosquito grab and sludge worm as an effective substitute to fish flour, as well as components of vegetable origin (carrot, parsley, pumpkin, wheatgrass) for domestication of tenches are offered for the first time. Food technology has been described. The exact composition of the formula, which is being licensed at the moment, is not disclosed. Feed "T", which has undergone biological analysis and is in accordance with organoleptic and physical standards was used for feeding tench female and male species during domestication period (60 days), along with food "Coppens" (Holland). Feed efficiency was determined according to survival and daily fish growth. Growth rate of females appeared more intensive than growth rate of males fed with experimental food "T". Daily growth changed depending on the types of food: from 0.3 ("Coppens") to 0.47 (experimental food) in females, from 0.25 ("Coppens") to 0.39 (experimental food) with males. Ability to survive among tench species fed with "Coppens" and experimental food made 60% and 100%, correspondingly. Nutricion of tench species with experimental food encouraged their domestication, which allowed using tench species in further fish breeding process in order to get offspring. The project was supported by the Innovation Promotion Fund in terms of the project "Development and implementation of the technique for the steady development of aquaculture: food "TechSA".

Reflections on the Meaning of Study Abroad

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Danger Zone ◽  
Host Family ◽  
The People ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Stranger

Study abroad begins long before students leave their own shores. The moment that children enter daycare, nursery school, or kindergarten for the first time, they are in foreign territory, and all their antennae are out, testing, absorbing, learning. They begin to develop the first of their many multiple identities. They are no longer "Johnny" or "Sarah" whom everyone knows and loves at home, but Johnny or Sarah whom no one knows nor initially cares about, and they have to figure out what kind of a new identity they will develop so the danger zone becomes as safe as home.  Leaving familiar surroundings- the sounds, smells, safety, and food of home- and realizing, quite abruptly, that they must learn to adapt to the demands and needs of strangers, is the first and the most challenging "trip abroad" they will ever take. They will use the same set of skills, more mature, more polished (we hope) when they arrive on a foreign campus and move in with a host family or into an international dormitory.  Learning to make the journey with ease, whether it is on the first day of school or the day a plane drops one in a foreign field, is a necessary accomplishment. We have to make friends out of our peers; we have to gain the respect of our teachers; we have to develop curiosity and concern about the people around us. The stranger they seem, the more there is to learn. To fear diversity is to fear life itself. As the world becomes smaller and more integrated, the more crucial this accomplishment grows. 

scholarly journals Period-Life of a Branching Process with Migration and Continuous Time

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Prysyazhnyk ◽  
Iryna Bazylevych ◽  
Ludmila Mitkova ◽  
Iryna Ivanochko
Keyword(s):  
Random Process ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Branching Process ◽  
Probability Generating Function ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Branching Process ◽  
Number Of Particles

The homogeneous branching process with migration and continuous time is considered. We investigated the distribution of the period-life τ, i.e., the length of the time interval between the moment when the process is initiated by a positive number of particles and the moment when there are no individuals in the population for the first time. The probability generating function of the random process, which describes the behavior of the process within the period-life, was obtained. The boundary theorem for the period-life of the subcritical or critical branching process with migration was found.

The Situation of Catholic Instruction in Transylvania during the Communist Takeover

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
László Holló
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
God's Will ◽  
School Network ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Catholic Church

"In less than one year, the Catholic Church, just like the other denominations, lost its school network built along the centuries. This was the moment when the bishop wrote: “No one can resent if we shed tears over the loss of our schools and educational institutions”. Moreover, he stated that he would do everything to re-store the injustice since they could not resent if we used all the legal possibilities and instruments to retrieve our schools that we were illegally dispossessed of. Furthermore, he evaluated the situation realistically and warned the families to be more responsible. He emphasized the parents’ responsibility. First and foremost, the mother was the child’s first teacher of religion. She taught him the first prayers; he heard about God, Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and the angels from his mother for the first time. He asked for the mothers’ and the parents’ support also in mastering the teachings of the faith. Earlier, he already instructed the priests to organize extramu-ral biblical classes for the children and youth. At this point, he asked the families to cooperate effectively, especially to lead an ardent, exemplary religious life, so that the children would grow up in a religious and moral life according to God’s will, learn-ing from the parents’ examples. And just as on many other occasions throughout history, the Catholic Church started building again. It did not build spectacular-looking churches and schools but rather modest catechism halls to bring communities together. These were the places where the priests of the dioceses led by the bishop’s example and assuming all the persecutions, incessantly educated the school children to the love of God and of their brethren, and the children even more zealously attended the catechism classes, ignoring their teachers’ prohibitions. Keywords: Márton Áron, Diocese of Transylvania, confessional religious education, communism, nationalization of catholic schools, Catholic Church in Romania in 1948."

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