scholarly journals Investigation of natural infection by Leishmania in sandflies of Paraná State, Southern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro ◽  
Kárin Rosi Reinhold-Castro ◽  
Alessandra de Cassia Dias-Sversutti ◽  
Herintha Coeto Neitzke-Abreu ◽  
Norberto de Assis Membrive ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Endemic Areas

The purpose of this work was to verify the occurrence of Leishmania in naturally infected sandflies. The insects were collected with Falcão, Shannon and HP light-traps, in Doutor Camargo and Maringá municipalities between November 2004 and October 2005. Of the 11,033 sandflies collected in Doutor Camargo, 2,133 surviving females were dissected, particularly those of the Nyssomyia neivai species (86.87%). In Maringá, 136 sandflies were collected, of which 79 N. whitmani females and 1 Migonemyia migonei female were dissected. The dissected insects were identified and stored in the pools of 10 specimens. The PCR was carried out on 1,190 females of N. neivai and 190 of N. whitmani from Doutor Camargo, and on 30 of N. whitmani from Maringá, using the primers MP1L/MP3H. The natural infection by Leishmania in sandflies was not confirmed by either of the methods used. The results suggested the low natural infection rate of sandflies by Leishmania in these areas, corroborating other studies carried out in endemic areas of ACL.

scholarly journals Environmental sanitation and peri-domiciliar organisation as auxiliary practices for the control of phlebotomines in Paraná state, southern Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ueslei Teodoro ◽  
João Balduíno ◽  
Vanete Thomaz-Soccol ◽  
Orlando C Barbosa ◽  
Maria E. M. C Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Dwelling ◽  
Endemic Areas

Studies were conducted to compare the results of the collections of phlebotomines, in two distinct periods, i.e. before and after changed environmental conditions in Jussara county, Paraná State, Brazil. Collections were made near to a forest in Jussara farm, between February and April 1992. Six Falcão light traps were installed in houses and animals' shelters. Catches were made once a month and 35,783 phlebotomines were captured. Based on these data, sanitation was done in peridomiciliary area and domestic animals shelters were separated from domiciles in January 1994. Then during February to April 1994 using the same methodology new phlebotomines catches were made. The results showed that an average of just 150 (6,311/42) phlebotomines per hour were collected at this time in contrast with an average of 3,976 (35,783/9) in 1992. The separation of domestic animals shelters from human dwelling may contribute to diminish the phlebotomine population and attenuate the risk of Leishmania transmission in endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Natural infection of Deroceras laeve (Mollusca: gastropoda) with metastrongylid larvae in a transmission focus of abdominal angiostrongyliasis

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Lucyk MAURER ◽  
Carlos GRAEFF-TEIXEIRA ◽  
José Willibaldo THOMÉ ◽  
Luís Antônio CHIARADIA ◽  
Hiroko SUGAYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
First Time

Angiostrongylus costaricensis is a nematode parasitic of rodents. Man may become infected by ingestion of the third stage larvae produced within the intermediate hosts, usually slugs from the family Veronicellidae. An epidemiological study carried out in a locality in southern Brazil (western Santa Catarina State) where these slugs are a crop pest and an important vector for A. costaricensis has documented for the first time the natural infection of Deroceras laeve with metastrongylid larvae. This small limacid slug is frequently found amid the folds of vegetable leaves and may be inadvertently ingested. Therefore D. laeve may have an important role in transmission of A. costaricensis to man.

Natural Infection of Wild Canids (Cerdocyon thous and Lycalopex gymnocercus) with the Intraendothelial Piroplasm Rangelia vitalii in Southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 880-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Fredo ◽  
Matheus V. Bianchi ◽  
Caroline P. De Andrade ◽  
Suyene O. De Souza ◽  
Ronaldo V. Leite-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous

scholarly journals DETECTION OF Leishmania (Viannia) IN Nyssomyia neivai AND Nyssomyia whitmani BY MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herintha Coeto Neitzke-Abreu ◽  
Kárin Rosi Reinhold-Castro ◽  
Mateus Sabaini Venazzi ◽  
Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro ◽  
Alessandra de Cassia Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Sandflies transmit pathogens of leishmaniasis. The natural infection of sandflies by Leishmania (Viannia) was assessed in municipalities, in the state of Paraná, in Southern Brazil. Sandflies were collected with Falcão and Shannon traps. After dissection in search of flagellates in digestive tubes and identification of the species, female sandflies were submitted to the Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (multiplex PCR) for detection of the fragment of the kDNA of Leishmania (Viannia) and the fragment from the IVS6 cacophony gene region of the phlebotomine insects. The analysis was performed in pools containing seven to 12 guts from females of the same species. A total of 510 female sandflies were analyzed, including nine Migonemyia migonei, 17 Pintomyia fischeri, 216 Nyssomyia neivai, and 268 Nyssomyia whitmani. Although none of the females was found naturally infected by flagellates through dissection, the fragment of DNA from Leishmania (Viannia) was shown by multiplex PCR in one sample of Ny. neivai (0.46%) and three samples of Ny. whitmani (1.12%). It was concluded that Ny. neivai and Ny. whitmani are susceptible to Leishmania infection, and that multiplex PCR can be used in epidemiological studies to detect the natural infection of the sandfly vector, because of its sensitivity, specificity and feasibility.

A Study of the Sandfly Population in Endemic Foci of Infantile Kala-azar in Italy

1931 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Adler ◽  
O. Theodor
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Kala Azar

The sandflies of the two largest Italian foci of visceral leishmaniasis, Naples and Catania, were studied.The following species were found : P. papatasii, P. perniciosus, P. sergenti, P. vesuvianus, sp. n., P. parroti var. italicus var. n.P. papatasii and P. perniciosus are the commonest sandflies in the areas examined.Out of 1,547 ♀♀ dissected none showed a natural infection with Leishmania.P. papatasii was infected with Italian strains of L. infantum by feeding on cultures through membranes. The infection rate was low, but in contrast to Indian strains of L. donovani in the same sandfly, the infection once established did not die out.

scholarly journals Investigation on Prevalence of Sparganum mansoni Infection in Wild Frogs on Hainan Island of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijia Fu ◽  
Pei Liang ◽  
Gang LU ◽  
Jinbao Gu ◽  
Dayong Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
South China ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Open Wound ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
The Mainland Of China

Abstract Background: Sparganosis is a serious food-borne parasitic zoonosis, which is mainly caused by ingesting or open-wound contact of the frog flesh infected by Sparganum mansoni, or even by intake of the water contaminated by the parasite. The purpose of the study was to explore the prevalence of sparganum infection in wild frogs distributed throughout the Hainan Island, which is the largest island of the mainland of China and located at the northwest of the South China Sea, and to analyze the risk in local populations to suffer from sparganosis.Methods: From 2018 to 2020, wild frogs were collected from rural ponds, rivers and farmlands in different cities and counties throughout the Hainan Island. After weighing and marking of the frogs, the sparganums were examined and isolated. The sites of the parasite and the number of infections of each frog were recorded and analyzed by statistics analysis.Results: A total of 1556 of wild frogs were examined and isolated. 201 wild frogs were found to be infected by sparganum, and the natural infection rate of sparganum in wild frogs was 12.92% (201/1556). There were 612 sparganums found in the frogs, and the average was 3.04 per frog, while the highest infection rate of wild frogs was in Baoting, up to 32.93% (27/82). The infection rate of sparganum in wild frogs in the central region of Hainan Island is higher than other regions. Most sparganums were located in the hind legs of frog, and the number of the sparganum infection in the frogs was not related to the species and weight of the frogs.Conclusions: On Hainan Island, sparganum infection in wild frogs is relatively common, and constitutes a potential threat to human. Effective measures should be taken to control the incidence of sparganosis.

scholarly journals Tingkat Infestasi Schistosomiasis Pada Tikus di Daerah Endemis Napu, Kabupaten Poso, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Anis Nurwidayati ◽  
Hayani Anastasia ◽  
Yuyun Srikandi ◽  
Tri Juni Wijatmiko ◽  
Murni Amiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Corn Fields ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Abstract Rats are known as the natural reservoir of several worm infections that are important for public health, one of which is schistosomiasis. This study aimed to identify the species variety of rats and infection rate of schistosomiasis in rats in schistosomiasis Napu endemic areas, especially in Dodolo and Kaduwaa villages, Poso District, Central Sulawesi. This research was an observational study that conducted from May to June 2018. Trap the rats was carried out for three consecutive nights using 100 traps that were conducted in different places, namely cacao fields, bamboo groves, corn fields, and shrubs. The total number of rats caught in Dodolo Village was 15 of the 100 traps. The species of rats found were Rattus argentiventer, Rattus sp., R.tanezumi, R.exulans, Maxomys muschenbroekii, and Paruromys dominator. The number of rats infected with schistosomiasis was 7 (46,67% infection rate). The total number of rats caught in Kaduwaa Village was 13 of the 100 traps. The species oof rats found were Rattus argentiventer, R.tanezumi, and R.exulans. The number of rats infected with schistosomiasis were 3 (23,07% infection rate). From the results can be concluded that sylvatic transmission of schistosomiasis still occured in endemic areas. Abstrak Tikus dikenal sebagai reservoir alami dari beberapa infestasi cacing yang penting bagi kesehatan masyarakat, salah satunya schistosomiasis. Tikus mengandung telur cacing Schistosoma japonicum yang dapat ditularkan ke manusia secara tidak langsung melalui hospes keong perantara schistosomiasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis tikus dan tingkat infestasi cacing S. japonicum pada tikus di daerah endemis schistosomiasis Napu, khususnya di Desa Dodolo dan Kaduwaa, Kabupaten Poso, Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional yang dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai Juni tahun 2018. Penangkapan tikus dilakukan selama tiga malam berturut-turut menggunakan 100 perangkap mati yang dipasang pada tempat yang berbeda, yaitu daerah fokus keong kebun cokelat, kebun bambu, kebun aren, kebun enau, aliran air, padang rumput, dan sawah. Jumlah total tikus yang tertangkap di Desa Dodolo adalah 15 ekor. Jenis tikus yang ditemukan yaitu Rattus argentiventer, Rattus sp., R.tanezumi, R.exulans, Maxomys muechenbroekii, dan Paruromys dominator. Jumlah tikus yang terinfestasi schistosomiasis sebanyak 7 ekor (infection rate 46,67%). Jumlah total tikus yang tertangkap di Desa Kaduwaa adalah 13 ekor dari 100 perangkap yang dipasang selama tiga malam. Jenis tikus yang ditemukan yaitu Rattus argentiventer, R.tanezumi, dan R.exulans. Jumlah tikus yang terinfestasi schistosomiasis adalah 3 ekor (infection rate 23,07%). Berdasarkan temuan tikus yang terinfestasi schistosomiasis tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penularan schistosomiasis yang melibatkan hewan liar masih terjadi di daerah endemis Napu, Kabupaten Poso, Sulawesi Tengah.  

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