Risk factors for recurrent wheezing in infants: a case-control study

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between recurrent wheezing and atopy, the Asthma Predictive Index, exposure to risk factors, and total serum IgE levels as potential factors to predict recurrent wheezing. METHODS A case-control study with infants aged 6-24 months treated at a specialized outpatient clinic from November 2011 to March 2013. Evaluations included sensitivity to inhalant and food antigens, positive Asthma Predictive Index, and other risk factors for recurrent wheezing (smoking during pregnancy, presence of indoor smoke, viral infections, and total serum IgE levels). RESULTS We evaluated 113 children: 65 infants with recurrent wheezing (63.0% male) with a mean age of 14.8 (SD = 5.2) months and 48 healthy infants (44.0% male) with a mean age of 15.2 (SD = 5.1) months. In the multiple analysis model, antigen sensitivity (OR = 12.45; 95%CI 1.28–19.11), positive Asthma Predictive Index (OR = 5.57; 95%CI 2.23–7.96), and exposure to environmental smoke (OR = 2.63; 95%CI 1.09–6.30) remained as risk factors for wheezing. Eosinophilia ≥ 4.0% e total IgE ≥ 100 UI/mL were more prevalent in the wheezing group, but failed to remain in the model. Smoking during pregnancy was identified in a small number of mothers, and secondhand smoke at home was higher in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Presence of atopy, positive Asthma Predictive Index and exposure to environmental smoke are associated to recurrent wheezing. Identifying these factors enables the adoption of preventive measures, especially for children susceptible to persistent wheezing and future asthma onset.

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A case control study of modifiable risk factors of low birth weight among full term babies at Omdurman maternity hospital, Khartoum, Sudan 2019

10.21203/rs.3.rs-733127/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ethar Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Case Control ◽

Full Term ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Control Study

Abstract Low birth weight (delivery of an infant with less than 2500 grams) is owed to two main causes, either IUGR or pre-term delivery. It makes the newborn susceptible to many health issues from birth and through the adulthood life. Whoever IUGR is the leading cause of LBW in developing countries, and hence it is more reliable here in Sudan to study the risk factors that lead to it which are whoever mostly modifiable. This is a hospital based unmatched case-control study. A total of 134 (67 cases and 67 controls) mothers and their full-term newborn infants were included in the study. The participants were interviewed with a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were obtained at the end of the interview. The data was analyzed using SPSS and Odd ratios of the risk factors were calculated. The main risk factors that found to influence the birth weight of our study participants were lack of maternal education, rural place of residence, bleeding during pregnancy, high blood pressure during pregnancy, inadequate spacing, lack of ANC follow up, not having iron supplementation and exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy.

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Air pollution and family related determinants of asthma onset and persistent wheezing in children: nationwide case-control study

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.m2791 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. m2791 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gitte J Holst ◽

Carsten B Pedersen ◽

Malene Thygesen ◽

Jørgen Brandt ◽

Camilla Geels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Parental Education ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Positive Association ◽

Case Control ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

Abstract Objective To identify risk factors (air pollution and family related) for the onset of asthma and persistent wheezing in children. Design Nationwide case-control study. Setting Denmark. Participants All Danish children born from 1997 to 2014 and followed for asthma onset and persistent wheezing from age 1 year to 15 years. Main outcome measure Onset of asthma and persistent wheezing. Results A higher incidence of asthma was found in children of parents with asthma (adjusted hazard ratio 2.29 (95% confidence interval 2.22 to 2.35) and mothers who smoked during pregnancy (1.20, 1.18 to 1.22), whereas a lower incidence was found in children of parents with high educational attainment (0.72, 0.69 to 0.75) and high incomes (0.85, 0.81 to 0.89). Exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) and ≤10 µm (PM 10 ) and nitrate was associated with an increased risk of asthma and persistent wheezing, with hazard ratios per 5 µg/m 3 increase in pollutant concentrations 1.05 (1.03 to 1.07) for PM 2.5 , 1.04 (1.02 to 1.06) for PM 10 , and 1.04 (1.03 to 1.04) for nitrogen dioxide. Only the positive association of PM 2.5 with asthma and persistent wheezing remained robust across the different models and in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that children exposed to higher levels of PM 2.5 are more likely to develop asthma and persistent wheezing than children who are not exposed. Other risk factors associated with these outcomes were parental asthma, parental education, and maternal smoking during pregnancy.

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