scholarly journals Parasites of the mangrove mussel Mytella guyanensis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) in Camamu Bay, Bahia, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
LO. Ceuta ◽  
G Boehs
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Digestive Gland ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Parasitic Castration ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

This contribution reports the parasites found in the mangrove mussel Mytella guyanensis in Camamu Bay, Bahia, Brazil. Samples were collected monthly from September 2006 through October 2007. A total of 460 individuals were collected, fixed in Davidson's solution, and processed by standard histological techniques, and the sections were stained with Harris hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The water temperature ranged from 23.5 to 31.6 ºC, and the salinity from 25 to 37‰. Microscopic analysis showed Rickettsia-like organisms (RLOs), Nematopsis sp. (Apicomplexa), and Platyhelminthes, including a turbellarian, sporocysts of Bucephalus sp., metacercariae, and metacestodes of Tylocephalum sp. Parasites were observed mainly in the gills, mantle, and digestive gland. The prevalence of Nematopsis sp. was 100%, and in heavily infected mussels the tissues of the labial palps were damaged. RLOs occurred in high prevalence and intensity of infection in some periods. The digenean sporocysts showed moderate prevalence but high intensity of infection, and caused parasitic castration. In general, there was no significant spatial or temporal variation (p > 0.05) of the parasites, which is probably attributable to the small variations of temperature and salinity in the region.

Parasitic castration of Buccinanops cochlidium (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) caused by a lepocreadiid digenean in San José Gulf, Argentina

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Averbuj ◽  
F. Cremonte
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Host Size ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Parasitic Castration ◽  
Penis Size ◽  
First Time ◽  
Healthy Males

AbstractParasitic castration of Buccinanops cochlidium from San José Gulf, Argentina, caused by a lepocreadiid digenean, is reported for the first time. Rediae and ophtalmotrichocercous cercariae probably belonging to Opechona sp. were identified in the gonad and digestive gland. Opechona sp. has been reported previously parasitizing B. monilifer from a northern locality in the Argentine Sea. Overall prevalence of infection was 15.5%; it varied seasonally, rising during the warm months after the host oviposition period. Cercariae were expelled at the same time as the hatching of snail embryos (during the higher water temperature period). Rediae affected male and female snails equally, but prevalence increases along with host size. The parasite causes the complete castration of the host. Parasitized adult snails showed a reduction of penis size in comparison with healthy males. It remains to be confirmed whether the peak of cercariae emission coincides with the presence of jellyfishes and scombrid or other fishes in the area, which could act as second intermediate and definitive hosts, respectively.

scholarly journals Hearing symptoms personal stereos

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Borja ◽  
Tiara da Luz
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Observational Prospective Study ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Long Run ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The City ◽  
Exposition Time

Summary Introduction: Practical and portable the personal stereos if had become almost indispensable accessories in the day the day. Studies disclose that the portable players of music can cause auditory damages in the long run for who hear music in high volume for a drawn out time. Objective: to verify the prevalence of auditory symptoms in users of amplified players and to know its habits of use Method: Observational prospective study of transversal cut carried through in three institutions of education of the city of Salvador BA, being two of public net and one of the private net. 400 students had answered to the questionnaire, of both the sex, between 14 and 30 years that had related the habit to use personal stereos. Results: The symptoms most prevalent had been hyperacusis (43.5%), auricular fullness (30.5%) and humming (27.5), being that the humming is the symptom most present in the population youngest. How much to the daily habits: 62.3% frequent use, 57% in raised intensities, 34% in drawn out periods. An inverse relation between exposition time was verified and the band of age (p = 0,000) and direct with the prevalence of the humming. Conclusion: Although to admit to have knowledge on the damages that the exposition the sound of high intensity can cause the hearing, the daily habits of the young evidence the inadequate use of the portable stereos characterized by long periods of exposition, raised intensities, frequent use and preference for the insertion phones. The high prevalence of symptoms after the use suggests a bigger risk for the hearing of these young.

Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis gen.nov. et sp.nov. (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) from muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, in the central Canadian Arctic, with comments on biology and biogeography

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2266-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Hoberg ◽  
L. Polley ◽  
A. Gunn ◽  
J. S. Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Great Length ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Holarctic Region ◽  
Umingmakstrongylus Pallikuukensis ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Larval Parasites

Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis gen.nov. et sp.nov. is established for a protostrongylid nematode in muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, from the Kitikmeot Region (central Arctic) of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is distinguished from Cystocaulus and other Muelleriinae by characters that include the following: males: deeply incised, bilobed bursa, independent externodorsal rays, telamon composed of distal transverse plate, absence of falcate crurae, and spicules not distally split; females: absence of provagina; and first-stage larvae: presence of three cuticular folds on the tail. The great length of females (468 mm) and males (171 mm) is exceptional among the Protostrongylidae. Pathognomonic lesions include well-defined cysts dispersed through the lung tissue (maximum diameter 40 mm) containing adult and larval parasites in a dense matrix. Transmission involves a molluscan intermediate host, as indicated by experimental infections in the slug Deroceras reticulatum. The parasite is apparently restricted in its geographic distribution and has been found only in a population of muskoxen northwest of Coppermine, N.W.T. This may be indicative of a relictual host–parasite assemblage that has existed since the Pleistocene. The pathogenicity, high prevalence, and intensity of infection in the Coppermine herd suggest that the occurrence of U. pallikuukensis has implications for the management of muskoxen in the Holarctic region.

Perinatal Pulmonary Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Autopsy Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Indu Agarwal ◽  
Linda M Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypoplasia ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pulmonary Hemorrhage ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Placental Pathology ◽  
Autopsy Case ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Pathology Reports

Perinatal pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is a condition characterized by blood loss via the respiratory tract with an approximate incidence of 0.1% in all newborns. The histologic characteristics of the lung in PH are not well characterized, and we hypothesized that pulmonary maldevelopment such as pulmonary hypoplasia may contribute to PH. In addition, we sought to find any correlations with placental pathology. Retrospective study of fetal and neonatal autopsies with diagnosis of PH was performed between the years from 2009 to 2015. Autopsy reports, placental pathology reports, and hematoxylin and eosin sections of the lung were reviewed. Of the 17 cases which were identified meeting inclusion criteria, PH ranged from mild (<5% in each lung) to severe (>75% in both lungs). PH involved >50% of both lungs in 6 cases. Pulmonary hypoplasia was designated in 7 of 17 (41.17%) cases with PH. Pulmonary hypoplasia and/or persistence of intra-acinar arterioles was seen in 13 of 17 (76.4%) cases. No specific placental pathology was seen universally in the cases of PH, but either maternal or fetal vascular malperfusion was noted in 14 of 17 (82%) cases. Our data suggest a high prevalence of pulmonary maldevelopment, such as pulmonary hypoplasia and persistence of intra-acinar arterioles, in cases with PH. Although no specific placental pathology is seen in PH, maternal and fetal vascular pathology is common.

scholarly journals Prevalence and intensity of Sarcocystis spp. infection in animals slaughtered for food in Lithuania

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Januskevicius ◽  
G Januskeviciene ◽  
P Prakas ◽  
D Butkauskas ◽  
S Petkevicius
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Muscle Types ◽  
Muscle Groups

The exact prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. infection in animals slaughtered for food is unknown in Lithuania. Therefore, the present study was initiated to evaluate Sarcocystis spp. infection in the carcasses of cattle (n = 206), sheep (n = 61), pigs (n = 73) and horses (n = 72) raised in Lithuania for food. The prevalence and intensity of Sarcocystis spp. infection were assessed under light microscopy by analysing 1 g of stained and squashed muscle samples. All the investigated muscle types (oesophagus, diaphragm, heart, neck, jaw, back, leg and tongue) were found to have been infected with microcysts rather than with macrocysts. A high prevalence of infection was established in cattle (44.9–98.1%) and sheep (100%), whereas the prevalence of this infection in pigs (30.1–50.0%) and horses (34.7–63.9%) was considered to be moderate. Significant differences in the infection prevalence were detected in the majority of muscle groups of cattle and in some muscle groups of pigs and horses. Similarly, significant differences in the median (Md) intensity of infection were observed in the majority of the muscle groups of cattle (Md = 4–29) and sheep (Md = 21–73) and only in some muscle groups of pigs (Md = 4.5–16) and horses (Md = 1–3). Cases of intense infection (&gt; 40 cysts in a sample) were relatively often detected in sheep (44.9%) and cattle (19.1%), and rarely in pigs (3.7%). Hence, based on the varying rates of infection in the examined samples, the infection was identified as being intense in sheep and cattle, moderate in pigs and low in horses.

Systemic Amyloid A Amyloidosis in Stejneger’s Beaked Whales (Mesoplodon stejnegeri)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-444
Author(s):  
Shotaro Nakagun ◽  
Kenichi Watanabe ◽  
Yuko Tajima ◽  
Tadasu K. Yamada ◽  
Yoshiyasu Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Systemic Amyloidosis ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Beaked Whales ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Population Numbers

Stejneger’s beaked whales ( Mesoplodon stejnegeri) are one of the lesser known species of mammals, with little information available on their population status or incidence of diseases. Recent pathologic investigations on stranded and bycaught wild cetaceans around Hokkaido, Japan, revealed an unusually high incidence of systemic amyloidosis in this species, warranting further investigation. The objective of this study was to further characterize the systemic amyloidosis of Stejneger’s beaked whales by retrospective histopathologic analyses of tissues from animals that stranded in Japan between 1994 and 2018. Various tissues from 35 individuals were examined histologically with hematoxylin and eosin, Congo red, and immunohistochemistry for amyloid A (AA), in which 12 (34%) were diagnosed with systemic amyloidosis. The organs with the highest severity of amyloid deposition were the stomach and intestine. The type of amyloid was confirmed as AA of approximately 9 kDa by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with extracted amyloid from the liver and subsequent Western blotting with an antiserum against AA peptide. There were no statistically significant associations between amyloidosis and sex, body condition of the whales, or the presence of chronic inflammation. The high prevalence of this disease might be of concern for overall population numbers, and continued pathologic monitoring of stranded animals is necessary throughout its distributional range.

FEATURES OF THE PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF MICROCRYSTALLINE ARTHROPATHIES IN THE PRACTICE OF SURGICAL MATERIAL EXAMINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-289
Author(s):  
N. S. Migalkin ◽  
T. A. Stupina ◽  
A. V. Kaminsky ◽  
D. S. Mokhovikov ◽  
D. A. Shabalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staining Technique ◽  
Calcium Pyrophosphate ◽  
Alcohol Solution ◽  
Formalin Fixation ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Msu Crystals

The development of microcrystalline arthritides is most frequently associated with the formation of monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals. Their identification is of crucial importance in recognizing these diseases. Objective: to determine the possibilities of histological techniques in identifying MSU and CPP crystals and to evaluate the effectiveness of the techniques. Subjects and methods. Twenty-four tissue blocks (fragments of the affected areas of the elbow joint, the interphalangeal joint of the index finger, and hip joint) from 7 patients were examined. Paraffin sections were stained with a 0.5% alcohol solution of eosin, as well as with hematoxylin and eosin. Tissue specimens were examined and digitized using an AxioScope.A1 stereo microscope with Zenblue software (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH, Germany). Results and discussion. When staining the tissue sections with hematoxylin and eosin, microcrystals were not visualized; the major portions of MSU crystals was dissolved during fixation and staining, whereas CPP crystals were masked with hematoxylin as focal basophilic aggregates. The staining technique with an alcohol solution of eosin and short formalin fixation (within 12 hours) made it possible to avoid dissolution of MSU crystals and to visualize both MSU and CPP crystals, and to determine their shape and color. Conclusion. Light microscopy of the tissue sections stained with an alcohol solution of eosin along with short formalin fixation is a reliable method to differentiate MSU and CPP crystals. In patients undergoing endoprosthetic replacement, the significance of this technique for the pathomorphological study of surgical material consists in assessing inflammatory activity and in eliminating a disease, such as microcrystalline arthropathy.

Epidemiology ofAnguillicola crassusin the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from two rivers in southern England

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. NORTON ◽  
D. ROLLINSON ◽  
J. W. LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Paratenic Host ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Gymnocephalus Cernuus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Low Prevalence

European eelsAnguilla anguillafrom the rivers Thames and Test, in the south of England, were examined between 2000 and 2003 for infection with the swim-bladder nematodeAnguillicola crassus. Since its introduction to Thames eels at tidal estuarine locations circa 1987,A. crassushas become established in non-tidal freshwater stretches upriver and data from these locations are reported for the first time. The prevalence of infection at Thames estuary locations was higher during 2000–2003 than for the period 1987–1992. By 2003, similar prevalences were observed at freshwater and estuarine locations, but infection intensities were significantly higher in freshwater. Eels from the river Test appear to have been recently colonized byA. crassus(circa 2000). Parasite population establishment within these eels was uncharacteristically slow during 2000–2001, with low prevalence and intensity of infection, and few gravid females during this period. By 2003, infection levels in Test eels were similar to those in Thames eels. The expansion of theA. crassuspopulation in Test eels has occurred in the absence of the paratenic host ruffeGymnocephalus cernuus, and at suboptimal pH for the survival and infectivity of free-living larvae. The epidemiology ofA. crassusin Test eels demonstrates that transmission ofA. crassusby ruffe is not required for high prevalence and intensity of infection in eels. However, the consistently low and atypical levels of infection in Test eels during 2000 and 2001 suggests that paratenic transmission by ruffe may provide a substantial contribution to the dynamics ofA. crassusin eels in the early years following introduction, by facilitating the rapid increase in prevalence and intensity ofA. crassusinfection that typically occurs during this time.

scholarly journals High prevalence of campylobacter excretors among Liberian children related to environmental conditions

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kåre Mølbak ◽  
Niels Højlyng ◽  
Knud Gaarslev
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

SUMMARYCampylobacter was the bacterial pathogen most prevalent in 850 children, aged 6–59 months, examined in a house-to-house diarrhoea survey in two Liberian communities. 44·9% of the children from an urban slum and 28·4% from a rural area were excretors. Since the prevalence of diarrhoea was very high and consequently many convalescent carriers were found, it was not possible to evaluate the pathogenic role of campylobacter.The excretor rate increased with ago and was significantly correlated to the uso of supplementary feeding, inversely correlated to the quality of the water supply, and also associated with helminthic infestation. Results from re-examination of 172 children suggested a high intensity of transmission.The findings all indicate the existence of a heavy environmental contamination with campylobacter, probably of both human and animal faecal origin.

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