scholarly journals Respiratory manifestations of panic disorder: causes, consequences and therapeutic implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 698-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Sardinha ◽  
Rafael Christophe da Rocha Freire ◽  
Walter Araújo Zin ◽  
Antonio Egidio Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Hyperventilation Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Challenge Tests ◽  
Respiratory Challenge ◽  
The Relationship

Multiple respiratory abnormalities can be found in anxiety disorders, especially in panic disorder (PD). Individuals with PD experience unexpected panic attacks, characterized by anxiety and fear, resulting in a number of autonomic and respiratory symptoms. Respiratory stimulation is a common event during panic attacks. The respiratory abnormality most often reported in PD patients is increased CO2 sensitivity, which has given rise to the hypothesis of fundamental abnormalities in the physiological mechanisms that control breathing in PD. There is evidence that PD patients with dominant respiratory symptoms are more sensitive to respiratory tests than are those who do not manifest such symptoms, and that the former group constitutes a distinct subtype. Patients with PD tend to hyperventilate and to panic in response to respiratory stimulants such as CO2, triggering the activation of a hypersensitive fear network. Although respiratory physiology seems to remain normal in these subjects, recent evidence supports the idea that they present subclinical abnormalities in respiration and in other functions related to body homeostasis. The fear network, composed of the hippocampus, the medial prefrontal cortex, the amygdala and its brain stem projections, might be oversensitive in PD patients. This theory might explain why medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy are both clearly effective. Our aim was to review the relationship between respiration and PD, addressing the respiratory subtype of PD and the hyperventilation syndrome, with a focus on respiratory challenge tests, as well as on the current mechanistic concepts and the pharmacological implications of this relationship.

Panic Disorder With Nocturnal Panic Attacks: Symptoms and Comorbidities

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökhan Sarísoy ◽  
Ömer Böke ◽  
Ali C. Arík ◽  
Ahmet R. Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Symptom Checklist ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nocturnal panic attacks and comorbidities, clinical variables and panic attack symptoms. One hundred and six consecutive patients with DSM-IV panic disorder were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of nocturnal panic attacks. Comorbidities were diagnosed with the help of SCID-I and SCID-II. The groups were compared using the Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Symptom Checklist. Nocturnal panic attacks were not related to comorbidities or age at the onset of the disease. The scores from the Beck Depression Inventory, general scores from the Symptom Checklist, somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity and anger-hostility sub-scale scores were higher in the nocturnal panic attack group. Patients with nocturnal panic attacks experience more frequent respiratory symptoms, suggesting that nocturnal panic attacks may be related to respiratory symptoms. Our findings demonstrate that patients with nocturnal panic attacks have more respiratory symptoms of panic, depressive and other psychiatric symptoms than the no nocturnal panic group.

scholarly journals Coronavirus disease-19 Pandemic-Induced Panic Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 237-239
Author(s):  
Muhammad Surya Husada ◽  
Mustafa M. Amin ◽  
Munawir Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Psychosocial Burden ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
The Individual

Background: COVID-19 is a newly emerging infectious disease which is found to be caused by SARS-2. COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide causing a rapidly increasing number of mental disorders cases, primarily anxiety disorder. Since majority of panic disorder patients are present with great anxiety in response to their physical or respiratory symptoms, support and encouragement from psychiatrist or therapist are fundamental to alleviate the severity of the symptoms. Case Report: We reported a case of COVID-19 induced panic disorder in a woman, 52 years old, batak tribe who started to experience multiple panic attacks since one of her family members was confirmed to be Covid-10 positive. Conclusion: In general, panic disorder is a common diagnosis, but this case appeared to be interesting as it is induced by COVID-19 pandemic. As in this case, the individual who experienced multiple panic attack is not even a COVID-19 patient but has one of her family member affected by the virus. A wide body of evidence has shown that this pandemic massively contributes to worsening of psychosocial burden in nationwide.

Recurrent episodes of intense fear, shortness of breath, racing heart, and sweating

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Christina L. Macenski
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Intense Fear ◽  
Therapy Intervention ◽  
Norepinephrine Reuptake

Panic disorder consists of recurrent, unexpected panic attacks accompanied by persistent worry about future attacks and/or a maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks. A panic attack is defined as an abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes that occurs in conjunction with several other associated symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Features of panic disorder that are more common in adolescents than in adults include less worry about additional panic attacks and decreased willingness to openly discuss their symptoms. All patients with suspected panic disorder should undergo a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory workup to exclude medical causes of panic attacks. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) including interoceptive exposures is the gold standard therapy intervention. Medications including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) can also help reduce symptoms.

Panic Attacks During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Tatano Beck
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Antenatal Screening ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Target Rates

Panic attacks during pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with substantial distress and impairment in women. Although perhaps the mostly likely course of perinatal panic disorder (PPD) is that women experience no change in symptoms, there appears to be a substantial minority whose symptoms improve during pregnancy but worsen in the postpartum period. Preliminary research suggests that panic disorder is associated with adverse child outcomes; thus, antenatal screening and diagnosis of panic disorder need to become routine obstetric practice so that treatment can be initiated when indicated. Treatment for PPD often requires a combined approach of pharmacotherapeutics and psychotherapy, such as antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy. Much additional research, both qualitative and quantitative, is necessary to target rates of comorbidity in women with PPD, risk factors for PPD, consequences of PPD, and the assessment and treatment of PPD.

scholarly journals Panic attacks simulate presence of somatic illnesses

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Latas ◽  
Ivan Soldatovic ◽  
Marko Stamenovic ◽  
Vladan Starcevic
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Somatic Illness ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Relationship Of

Introduction. Panic attacks are characterized with sudden attacks of anxiety with numerous somatic symptoms, such as palpitations, tachycardia, tachypnea, nausea, vertigo. The objective of this study was to analyze symptoms of panic attacks in patients with panic disorder, especially, to determine the specific relationship of somatic and neurological symptoms of panic attacks in boundaries of somatic systems. Material and methods. The study sample consisted of 97 patients with primary diagnosis of panic disorder, without any acute, severe and unstable somatic illness. The presence and frequency of symptoms of panic attacks were estimated by the Panic Disorder Questionnaire. Results. The study results indicate that the most frequent symptoms of panic attacks were cardiological signs (heart pounding or racing) and trembling, followed by unsteady and fainting feeling symptoms, sweating, respiratory symptoms and gastroenterological symptoms. The results of correlation analyses indicate that symptoms of panic attacks classified into cardio-vascular, gastro-enterological, respiratory and neuro-otological systems show statistically significant correlations. Conclusion. The results of analyses of symptoms of panic attacks point to their intercorrelation. This specific association of the symptoms, if they are examined on their own in the patients, could lead to false clinical manifestation of some somatic illness. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze adequately and make the proper differential diagnosis of patients with panic disorder.

‘I Feel I Am Not Human’: Investigating the Relationship between Discourse and Subjectivity in the Lives of Persons Experiencing Panic Attacks

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Wilson ◽  
Kerry McLuckie
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Internal Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Treatable Condition ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

The study described in this paper investigated the ways in which panic and panic disorder are socially constructed, and how these constructions are involved in the formation of the subjectivities of those persons experiencing panic. In adopting a social constructionist perspective, it is proposed that all understandings of panic are informed by the social and historical contexts from which they emerge. The study investigates how linguistic practices, organised into different discourses, construct accounts of panic which go on to constitute particular forms of knowledge about panic. Discourse analysis was used to analyse media articles, radio interviews, and other examples of “panic talk”. The analysis yielded discourses that are involved in the construction and understanding of panic as a phenomenon. It was noted that panic was constructed in terms of abnormality, as a treatable condition, as an internal problem, and as an agent that has the potential to change people. The construction of panic according to these discourses had significant effects on the formation of subjectivity, in that it contributed to the formation of a “compromised” self that was “always-already” different, and abnormal. Lastly it was noted that the construction of subjectivity in these terms was related to discursive practices, involving the regulation of self.

scholarly journals Advancing the Network Theory of Mental Disorders: A Computational Model of Panic Disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Robinaugh ◽  
Jonas M B Haslbeck ◽  
Lourens Waldorp ◽  
Jolanda Jacqueline Kossakowski ◽  
Eiko I Fried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Core Components

The network theory of psychopathology posits that mental disorders are complex systems of mutually reinforcing symptoms. This overarching framework has proven highly generative but does not specify precisely how any specific mental disorder operates as such a system. We address this gap in the literature by developing a network theory of Panic Disorder and formalizing that theory as a computational model. We first review prior psychological theory and research on Panic Disorder in order to identify its core components as well as the plausible causal relations among those components. We then construct and evaluate a computational model of Panic Disorder as a non-linear dynamical system. We show that this model can explain a great deal, including individual differences in the propensity to experience panic attacks, key phenomenological characteristics of those attacks, the onset of Panic Disorder, and the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy. We also show that the model identifies significant gaps in our understanding of Panic Disorder and propose a theory-driven research agenda for Panic Disorder that follows from our evaluation of the model. We conclude by discussing the implications of the model for how we understand and investigate mental disorders as complex systems.

Sleep panic attacks in patients with panic disorder: the association with major depression

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
MY Ağargün ◽  
H Kara
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Panic Disorders ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of sleep panic to major depression in patients with panic disorder. We found that the patients with sleep panic had a higher prevalence of major depression than subjects of other panic disorders.

The Indirect Effect of Anxiety Sensitivity in the Relationship Between Panic Symptoms and Panic Severity

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Talkovsky ◽  
Peter J. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Symptom Intensity ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Panic Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

The cognitive model of panic (Clark, 1988) suggests that panic attacks result from the catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations rather than the sensations themselves. Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is fear of anxious bodily sensations (Reiss, 1991) and has implications in panic development, maintenance, and severity. Although previous work has demonstrated that AS amplifies symptoms in response to provocations, few have analyzed the role of AS in the relationship between panic symptoms and panic disorder severity. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if AS, a cognitive risk for panic, has an indirect effect on the association between self-reported panic symptoms and panic severity, both self-reported and clinician-assessed, among 67 treatment-seeking individuals with a primary diagnosis of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Data were analyzed using the bootstrapped conditional process indirect effects model. Results indicated that the overall total mediational effect on Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) was significant with evidence of partial mediation. The direct effect of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) on PDSS remained significant although there was also a significant indirect effect of BAI via AS. Results showed a similar relationship when Clinician Severity Rating was the outcome. Moderation analyses were not significant. Therefore, AS was a significant partial mediator of the relationship between symptom intensity and panic severity, whether clinician-rated or self-reported. This investigation provides support for the importance of AS in panic, highlighting its importance but suggesting that it is not sufficient to explain panic disorder.

scholarly journals Nocturnal panic attacks

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (3B) ◽  
pp. 717-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana L. Lopes ◽  
Antonio E. Nardi ◽  
Isabella Nascimento ◽  
Alexandre M. Valença ◽  
Walter A Zin
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

The panic-respiration connection has been presented with increasing evidences in the literature. We report three panic disorder patients with nocturnal panic attacks with prominent respiratory symptoms, the overlapping of the symptoms with the sleep apnea syndrome and a change of the diurnal panic attacks, from spontaneous to situational pattern. The implication of these findings and awareness to the distinct core of the nocturnal panic attacks symptoms may help to differentiate them from sleep disorders and the search for specific treatment.

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