Effect of calcium salts of fatty acids on the nutritive value of diets, feeding behavior, and serum blood parameters of lactating Saanen goats grazing on stargrass

Background: The negative energetic balance of lactating cows that occurs during the few weeks postpartum shifts the hormonal profile of the animal. These alterations may lead to metabolic disturbance as ketosis and lipid infiltration. Hypocalcemia is another metabolic problem that occurs in the peripartum period, it is characterized by the reduction in blood levels of calcium (Ca2+) near birth. Blood parameters illustrates the nutritional status of milking cows. The serum levels of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and cholesterol are parameters that reveal liver condition and it is very important for the metabolism of milking cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate three additives in the form of a calcium salts on blood parameters of lactating cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Two Latin square 4x4 were used, whereas one comprehended of early lactation cows and the other of mid lactation cows. Animals of 2nd and 3rd parity were used only. Parity was distributed evenly among groups. The trial consisted of 4 groups with 4 treatments as follow: T1: 300 g of calcium acetate, T2: 200 g of calcium propionate, T3: 200 g of calcium salts of fatty acids, and T4: control without any calcium additive. Blood samples were collected for analysis of serial calcium, glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and cholesterol. The calcium levels were higher in T1 than T3 in early lactation. There was no significant difference of glucose levels between groups. Groups T1 and T2 had lower amounts of BHBA. Cholesterol was higher in T3 and T1 in the early lactation and just in T3 was higher in the mid lactation.Discussion: Adjust the Ca2+ flow due to high feed consumption and milk production near birth is a big challenge for milking cows due to the difficulties to maintain normal serial levels of Ca2+ in the early lactation. The lower serial levels of Ca2+ in the group supplemented with calcium salts of fatty acids is due to its physical characteristics that reduces its effects on ruminal microbiota and also reduced absorption of fatty acids in intestine. The evaluation of total cholesterol can be a parameter to judge the productive capacity of milking cows, because it demonstrates the capacity of corporal fat mobilization and ingestion of energy to produce milk. An increase of total cholesterol in cows supplemented with calcium salts of fatty acids is justified by the higher intake of fatty acids in the feed containing fat, which leads to a greater lipid metabolism in blood. As the literature has limited information about calcium acetate, it is believed that the animals supplemented with calcium acetate showed higher levels of cholesterol because the acetate is converted to Acetyl coenzime A, it is the basis for cholesterol biosynthesis in lactating cows. The BHBA can be considered as an indicator of negative energetic balance due to its correlation between energetic demand and energy reserves. As propionate is produced by ruminal fermentation and is the principal source for gluconeogenesis in peripartum cows, it lowered level of BHBA in the propionate supplemented group. The acetate availability is fundamental to attend the energetic requirements of lactating cows. The acetate enters in the synthesis of fatty acids as Acetyl coenzyme-A or enters in Krebs cycle through condensation with oxaloacetate, this explains the lower serial levels of BHB in group T1. It was concluded that T1 and T2 lowered the values of BHBA in early lactation cows and the animals supplemented with calcium salts of fatty acids and calcium acetate shower higher levels of cholesterol in early lactation and the T3 group in the mid lactation.

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Protected or Unprotected Fat Addition for Feedlot Lambs: Feeding Behavior, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020328 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 328

Author(s):

Henry D. R. Alba ◽

José E. de Freitas Júnior ◽

Laudi C. Leite ◽

José A. G. Azevêdo ◽

Stefanie A. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Feeding Behavior ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Corn Germ ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Calcium Salts ◽

Longissimus Lumborum ◽

Feedlot Lambs

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of protected or unprotected fats in the diet of feedlot lambs on feeding behavior, productive characteristics, carcass traits, and meat quality. Forty male Dorper × Santa Inês lambs (22.27 ± 2.79 kg) were randomly assigned to treatments in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments consisted of five diets: no added fat (NAF), whole soybeans (WSB), calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA), soybean oil (SO), and corn germ (CG). The total intake of dry matter (DMI) (p < 0.001) and neutral detergent fiber (NDFI) (p = 0.010) were higher in the CSFA and NAF diets. Feeding behavior, morphometric measurements, physicochemical characteristics, and centesimal composition of the Longissimus lumborum muscle were similar between treatments (p > 0.05). The CSFA diet provided higher production (p < 0.05) and better-quality carcasses. The inclusion of fat sources increased the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05). The use of calcium salts of fatty acids in feedlot lambs’ diets provides better quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the meat and carcass.

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Effect of dietary sources of roasted oilseeds on blood parameters and milk fatty acid composition

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/309-cjas ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 219-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Z.L. Liu ◽

D.P. Yang ◽

P. Chen ◽

S.B. Lin ◽

X.Y. Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Diet ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Milk Fatty Acids

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of supplementing the basal diet with oilseeds on blood parameters and composition of milk fatty acids, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Forty-eight lactating Holstein cows in early lactation were used in a randomized block design. The cows in each group were fed the control basal diet (the control diet) or diets containing roasted soybean (RSB), roasted linseed (RLS), roasted sunflower seed (RSS), hulled roasted peanut (HRP) and roasted cottonseed (RCS), respectively. Milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) were not significantly different. Milk fat percentage and yield decreased (P < 0.05) in RLS, RSS and RCS diets compared with the control. Feeding various oilseeds had no effect on plasma parameters, but it tended to increase concentrations of trans C18:1 and C18:2 in plasma. In milk fat, the concentrations of short and medium fatty acids decreased while C18 unsaturated fatty acids increased when the cows were fed oilseed diets. Cis-9, trans -11 CLA content increased (P < 0.01) in the milk fat of cows fed oilseeds. RSB treatment produced the highest (P < 0.01) content of cis-9, trans -11 CLA, which was a 60% increase compared with the control. The results indicate that the diets supplemented with oilseeds improve the content of C18 unsaturated fatty acids and CLA in milk fat, and soybeans seem to be the optimal source to improve the nutritive value of milk compared with other oilseeds.

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In Vitro Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Egyptian Citrus Beebread

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2433

Author(s):

Nesren Elsayed ◽

Hatem Sharaf El-Din ◽

Ammar B. Altemimi ◽

Hanaa Y. Ahmed ◽

Anubhav Pratap-Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antitumor Agent ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Free Sugar ◽

Natural Food ◽

Anticancer Activities

In this study, Egyptian beebread (EBB) was investigated for its nutritive value, chemical composition, antioxidant properties, antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Results indicated that EBB was a good source of protein (23.58 ± 0.183 g/100 g BB), total free sugar (20.266 ± 0.930) and potassium (290.202 ± 2.645 mg/100 g). Additionally, 14 fatty acids were identified in EBB, wherein polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids represented 51.06% ± 0.09% and 9.86% ± 0.01%, respectively. The EBB extract exhibited almost 400% better antiradical activity than BHT, with IC50 of EBB extract being 10.7 µg/mL compared to 39.5 µg/mL for BHT. EBB exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the reference compound against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, followed by Bacillus subtilis. No inhibitory activity was observed against Aspergillus Niger. Additionally, the highest inhibitory activity was recorded against Caco-2 cells, followed by PC3 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values 262, 314 and 386 μg/mL, respectively. These findings establish the potential of EBB as an antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor agent, with possible applications as natural food supplements and natural preservatives.

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On the Nutritive Value of Synthetic Fats Containing Oxy-Fatty Acids

Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan ◽

10.1080/03758397.1926.10856789 ◽

1926 ◽

Vol 2 (9) ◽

pp. 113-117

Author(s):

Junichi Ozaki

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Nutritive Value

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Composition and Nutritional Evaluation of the Cuttlefish Muscle

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1553 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 554-556 ◽

pp. 1553-1558

Author(s):

Sheng Jun Chen ◽

Lai Hao Li ◽

Xian Qing Yang ◽

Bo Qi ◽

Yan Yan Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Nutritive Quality ◽

High Quality Protein ◽

Acid Index

The nutritional components in the cuttlefish muscle were analyzed and the nutritive quality was evaluated in the paper. The results showed that the contents of the cuttlefish muscle in crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate were 16.60%, 0.86%, 1.30%, respectively. There were 18 kinds amino acids and the total amino acids reached 17.44%, with an essential amino acid index(EAAI) of 67.95. The composition of the essential amino acids in muscle ratio was consistent with the FAO/WHO standards. In addition, the contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 41.13%, 12.15% and 46.72%, respectively. And the muscle contains a higher content of EPA and DHA, reached 11.0% and 24.49%, respectively. It was considered that the cuttlefish muscle has a high nutritive value and it can be the important material of the high quality protein and unsaturated fatty acid.

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Lactation curves and economic results of Saanen goats fed increasing dietary energy levels obtained by the addition of calcium salts of fatty acids

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982014000200004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 73-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rodrigo de Souza ◽

Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽

Carlos Antonio Lopes de Oliveira ◽

Bruna Susan de Labio Molina ◽

Francisco de Assis Fonseca de Macedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Calcium Salts

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Effects of supplementing with calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids or hydrogenated tallow on ewe milk production and twin lamb growth1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/2004.8292780x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 82 (9) ◽

pp. 2780-2789 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

L. A. Appeddu ◽

D. G. Ely ◽

D. K. Aaron ◽

W. P. Deweese ◽

E. Fink

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Production ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Calcium Salts

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Concentrate containing calcium salts of fatty acids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can change rumen fermentation in grazing goats

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n6p2621 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 2621

Author(s):

Ludmila Couto Gomes ◽

Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽

Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽

Luiz Paulo Rigolon ◽

Ana Paula Silva Possamai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Latin Square ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Calcium Salts ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Ruminal Ph

Feeding goats with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) can supply ruminants with lipids, with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility. However, there is a shortage of information on the effect of CSFA on characteristics of rumen fermentation in grassland goats. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the addition of CSFA to concentrate on the parameters of rumen fermentation of grazing goats. Five rumen cannulated goats were distributed in a Latin square 5x5 design (treatments: 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% CSFA. The pH, ammonia N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content were analyzed in the ruminal fluid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after concentrate supplementation. The pH and ammonia N concentration showed a linear effect with the addition of CSFA. There was no effect observed for the VFA molar concentration after grazing goats were fed with the experimental diet. In conclusion, further research is needed to investigate the addition of CSFA to goat diets because there is evidence that CSFA increases ruminal pH and decreases excess ruminal ammonia without changing the VFA concentration in the rumen fluid.

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